Parkinson`s Disease (PD) and Treatment
... Drug therapy – MAO-B Inhibitors MAO-B is an enzyme that metabolizes dopamine. From the breakdown of dopamine, hydrogen peroxide is produced, which the oxidative stress can damage dopaminergic neurons in the substantia ...
... Drug therapy – MAO-B Inhibitors MAO-B is an enzyme that metabolizes dopamine. From the breakdown of dopamine, hydrogen peroxide is produced, which the oxidative stress can damage dopaminergic neurons in the substantia ...
NEWS YOU CAN USE 2015 12 UPD
... as an injection • First responders and primary caregivers can benefit from the ease of a nasally administered formulation ...
... as an injection • First responders and primary caregivers can benefit from the ease of a nasally administered formulation ...
Acidity and basicity of drugs
... • When the drug become ionized, this will increase its water solubility because there will be a better solvation by ionic-dipole interaction between ionized drug and water molecule. • So, once the drug get ionized it will have lower logP than the unionized from (more polar). ...
... • When the drug become ionized, this will increase its water solubility because there will be a better solvation by ionic-dipole interaction between ionized drug and water molecule. • So, once the drug get ionized it will have lower logP than the unionized from (more polar). ...
the management of hypertension
... pentolinium (Ansolysen), mecamylamine (Inversine), pentacynium (Presidal), chlorisondamine and pempidine (Perolysen, Tenormal). (Ecolid) In view of this it would be invidious to recommend one particular drug. In most cases there will be unpleasant side effects in some degree but in a majority these ...
... pentolinium (Ansolysen), mecamylamine (Inversine), pentacynium (Presidal), chlorisondamine and pempidine (Perolysen, Tenormal). (Ecolid) In view of this it would be invidious to recommend one particular drug. In most cases there will be unpleasant side effects in some degree but in a majority these ...
Olive Leaf - Pure Encapsulations
... Microbial Defense: The active nutrient in the olive leaf is oleuropein, a phenolic glucoside (structurally classified as an iridoid). The olive leaf also contains the bioflavonoids rutin, luteolin, and hesperidin, which work synergistically with oleuropein to enhance its natural activity. A recent s ...
... Microbial Defense: The active nutrient in the olive leaf is oleuropein, a phenolic glucoside (structurally classified as an iridoid). The olive leaf also contains the bioflavonoids rutin, luteolin, and hesperidin, which work synergistically with oleuropein to enhance its natural activity. A recent s ...
formulation and evaluation of release of trimetazidine
... pectoris crisis, its short biological half life (6 h) that calls for frequent daily dosing (2 to 3 times) and therapeutic use in angina pectoris crisis disease necessitates its formulat ion into modified release dosage form1 . The development of Modified / Controlled release formulat ion of Trimetaz ...
... pectoris crisis, its short biological half life (6 h) that calls for frequent daily dosing (2 to 3 times) and therapeutic use in angina pectoris crisis disease necessitates its formulat ion into modified release dosage form1 . The development of Modified / Controlled release formulat ion of Trimetaz ...
movement disorders and ataxia
... b. D2 receptors: inhibit sympathetic transmission, inhibit prolactin release, cause vomiting. c. D3, 4, 5 receptors: Less well-characterized; limbic more than motor effects. 2. DA agonists: Used for Parkinson’s disease, alertness disorders. a. Levodopa: a precursor to dopamine, used in Parkinson’s d ...
... b. D2 receptors: inhibit sympathetic transmission, inhibit prolactin release, cause vomiting. c. D3, 4, 5 receptors: Less well-characterized; limbic more than motor effects. 2. DA agonists: Used for Parkinson’s disease, alertness disorders. a. Levodopa: a precursor to dopamine, used in Parkinson’s d ...
a review: advances in drug delivery
... acceptability, the properties of the drug (such as its solubility), access to a disease location, or effectiveness in dealing with the specific disease. The most important drug delivery route is the oral route. An increasing number of drugs are protein- and peptide-based. They offer the greatest pot ...
... acceptability, the properties of the drug (such as its solubility), access to a disease location, or effectiveness in dealing with the specific disease. The most important drug delivery route is the oral route. An increasing number of drugs are protein- and peptide-based. They offer the greatest pot ...
here - Student Services - Touro University California
... Described below are some of the additional dangers and symptoms relative to use/abuse: Marijuana: Commonly known as “pot”, it is a plant with the botanical name of cannabis sativa. Pot is almost always smoked but can be ingested. Use causes the central nervous system to become disorganized a ...
... Described below are some of the additional dangers and symptoms relative to use/abuse: Marijuana: Commonly known as “pot”, it is a plant with the botanical name of cannabis sativa. Pot is almost always smoked but can be ingested. Use causes the central nervous system to become disorganized a ...
Scope And Significance Of Floating Drug Delivery System
... release the drug over a prolonged period of time. These dosage forms have bulk density less than one, relatively large in size and did not easily pass through pylorus. Madopar HBS formulation has shown to release levodopa for up to 8 h in vitro, whereas the standard formulation released levodopa in ...
... release the drug over a prolonged period of time. These dosage forms have bulk density less than one, relatively large in size and did not easily pass through pylorus. Madopar HBS formulation has shown to release levodopa for up to 8 h in vitro, whereas the standard formulation released levodopa in ...
Pharmacology lecture 1 Dr. Sameer Al
... The excretion of 5-hydroxy indol acetic acid ↑ in the following conditions : 1- Carcinoid syndrome ( tumor of enterochromaffin cells). 2- in case of using some of old anti-hypertensive drugs (reserpine). 3- ingestion of banana. ...
... The excretion of 5-hydroxy indol acetic acid ↑ in the following conditions : 1- Carcinoid syndrome ( tumor of enterochromaffin cells). 2- in case of using some of old anti-hypertensive drugs (reserpine). 3- ingestion of banana. ...
Biologically Based Systems
... It’s All “Natural”…! “People can be induced to swallow anything, provided it is sufficiently seasoned with praise.” Jean Moliere ...
... It’s All “Natural”…! “People can be induced to swallow anything, provided it is sufficiently seasoned with praise.” Jean Moliere ...
development and in vitro evaluation of buccoadhesive tablets
... Buccoadhesion, or the attachment of a natural or synthetic polymer to a biological substrate, is a practical method of drug immobilization or localization and an important new aspect of controlled drug delivery. The unique environment of the oral (buccal) cavity offers its potential as a site for dr ...
... Buccoadhesion, or the attachment of a natural or synthetic polymer to a biological substrate, is a practical method of drug immobilization or localization and an important new aspect of controlled drug delivery. The unique environment of the oral (buccal) cavity offers its potential as a site for dr ...
Combating substance abuse: A review of therapeutic management
... that, for at least one day in the 30 day survey period; 11% of high school students had smoked a cigarette 27% of high school students had at least one drink of ...
... that, for at least one day in the 30 day survey period; 11% of high school students had smoked a cigarette 27% of high school students had at least one drink of ...
Herbert Barry III by Thomas A. Ban
... another drug and, at the same time, to deny one’s pharmacological dependence. For example, the person who is drunk will have fantasies that he is very powerful. He may get very pugnacious, saying, “I can beat up anybody else in this bar”. This is our explanation of the finding that alcoholics are mo ...
... another drug and, at the same time, to deny one’s pharmacological dependence. For example, the person who is drunk will have fantasies that he is very powerful. He may get very pugnacious, saying, “I can beat up anybody else in this bar”. This is our explanation of the finding that alcoholics are mo ...
Tuberculosis: New Drug Discovery Pipelines
... Mycobacterium pinnipedii are also known to cause the disease. Pathogenesis of TB [14] The steps in TB pathogensis are – exposure, infection, disease and death. Infection with Mtb can be pulmonary or extra pulmonary (affecting other parts of the body). Pulmonary TB [15] (the most common form in devel ...
... Mycobacterium pinnipedii are also known to cause the disease. Pathogenesis of TB [14] The steps in TB pathogensis are – exposure, infection, disease and death. Infection with Mtb can be pulmonary or extra pulmonary (affecting other parts of the body). Pulmonary TB [15] (the most common form in devel ...
Amiodarone - pharminfotech
... The bioavailability of amiodarone is approximately 50% so if a patient is switched from oral to iv, give approximately half the oral dose. e.g. instead of 200mg tds po give 150mg bd iv. Do you need to reduce the dose in renal impairment? No, very small amounts are excreted in the urine. Do the oral ...
... The bioavailability of amiodarone is approximately 50% so if a patient is switched from oral to iv, give approximately half the oral dose. e.g. instead of 200mg tds po give 150mg bd iv. Do you need to reduce the dose in renal impairment? No, very small amounts are excreted in the urine. Do the oral ...
Document
... - mainstays of treatment of serious infections due to gram-negative bacilli. -use is limited by the occurrence of serious toxicities A. Mode of action - inhibit bacterial protein synthesis - they irreversibly bind to the 30S ribosomal subunit + misread the genetic code – production of „bad“ proteins ...
... - mainstays of treatment of serious infections due to gram-negative bacilli. -use is limited by the occurrence of serious toxicities A. Mode of action - inhibit bacterial protein synthesis - they irreversibly bind to the 30S ribosomal subunit + misread the genetic code – production of „bad“ proteins ...
1 spasmolytics
... almost any origin (including local muscle trauma), it produces sedation at the doses required to reduce muscle tone. ...
... almost any origin (including local muscle trauma), it produces sedation at the doses required to reduce muscle tone. ...
PRE-ANESTHETIC AGENTS
... ADJUNCTS: a drug that is not a true anesthetic but that is used during anesthesia to produce other desired effects such as sedation, muscle relaxation, analgesia, reversal, neuromuscular blockade, or parasympathetic ...
... ADJUNCTS: a drug that is not a true anesthetic but that is used during anesthesia to produce other desired effects such as sedation, muscle relaxation, analgesia, reversal, neuromuscular blockade, or parasympathetic ...
CNS Acting Drugs
... Chloral hydrate: in body tissues, the drug is 1st metabolized to the active form, trichloro-ethanol, which is a potent hypnotic. It is the oxidized by the kidney & liver to the inactive form which is excreted. It is used as a hypnotic in children & elderly. Paraldehyde: it is administered orally ...
... Chloral hydrate: in body tissues, the drug is 1st metabolized to the active form, trichloro-ethanol, which is a potent hypnotic. It is the oxidized by the kidney & liver to the inactive form which is excreted. It is used as a hypnotic in children & elderly. Paraldehyde: it is administered orally ...
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A NOVEL SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC ANALYTICAL
... Angiotensin II receptor blockers. It is a prodrug and is rapidly deesterifies during absorption to form olmesartan, the active metabolite2-3. Olmesartan is more effective than other angiotensin II receptor blockers (candesartan,irbesartan, losartan and valsartan) tested at their recommended doses, i ...
... Angiotensin II receptor blockers. It is a prodrug and is rapidly deesterifies during absorption to form olmesartan, the active metabolite2-3. Olmesartan is more effective than other angiotensin II receptor blockers (candesartan,irbesartan, losartan and valsartan) tested at their recommended doses, i ...
FORMULATION AND IN-VITRO EVALUATION OF CONVENTIONAL TABLETS OF EZETIMIBE BY
... Ezetimibe decreases plasma cholesterol levels by inhibiting the cholesterol absorption in the intestine. Ezetimibe, administered ...
... Ezetimibe decreases plasma cholesterol levels by inhibiting the cholesterol absorption in the intestine. Ezetimibe, administered ...
the side effects of common psychiAtric drugs internAtionAl
... serotonin—in the brain that was theorized to influence depression. This has remained a theory only. Serotonin (of which about only 5% is found in the brain) is one of the chemicals by which brain cells signal each other. SSRIs prevent serotonin from being naturally reabsorbed and thus create continu ...
... serotonin—in the brain that was theorized to influence depression. This has remained a theory only. Serotonin (of which about only 5% is found in the brain) is one of the chemicals by which brain cells signal each other. SSRIs prevent serotonin from being naturally reabsorbed and thus create continu ...
Suitable dosage forms for paediatric medicine
... DF, not at all specifically adapted to the children use. The dose of API is fixed by using empirically established dosage regimen and the dose combination is sometimes largely used, which is not really convenient. The DF used and the ones to be developed in the future can be classified according ...
... DF, not at all specifically adapted to the children use. The dose of API is fixed by using empirically established dosage regimen and the dose combination is sometimes largely used, which is not really convenient. The DF used and the ones to be developed in the future can be classified according ...
Drug interaction
A drug interaction is a situation in which a substance (usually another drug) affects the activity of a drug when both are administered together. This action can be synergistic (when the drug's effect is increased) or antagonistic (when the drug's effect is decreased) or a new effect can be produced that neither produces on its own. Typically, interactions between drugs come to mind (drug-drug interaction). However, interactions may also exist between drugs and foods (drug-food interactions), as well as drugs and medicinal plants or herbs (drug-plant interactions). People taking antidepressant drugs such as monoamine oxidase inhibitors should not take food containing tyramine as hypertensive crisis may occur (an example of a drug-food interaction). These interactions may occur out of accidental misuse or due to lack of knowledge about the active ingredients involved in the relevant substances.It is therefore easy to see the importance of these pharmacological interactions in the practice of medicine. If a patient is taking two drugs and one of them increases the effect of the other it is possible that an overdose may occur. The interaction of the two drugs may also increase the risk that side effects will occur. On the other hand, if the action of a drug is reduced it may cease to have any therapeutic use because of under dosage. Notwithstanding the above, on occasion these interactions may be sought in order to obtain an improved therapeutic effect. Examples of this include the use of codeine with paracetamol to increase its analgesic effect. Or the combination of clavulanic acid with amoxicillin in order to overcome bacterial resistance to the antibiotic. It should also be remembered that there are interactions that, from a theoretical standpoint, may occur but in clinical practice have no important repercussions.The pharmaceutical interactions that are of special interest to the practice of medicine are primarily those that have negative effects for an organism. The risk that a pharmacological interaction will appear increases as a function of the number of drugs administered to a patient at the same time.It is possible that an interaction will occur between a drug and another substance present in the organism (i.e. foods or alcohol). Or in certain specific situations a drug may even react with itself, such as occurs with dehydration. In other situations, the interaction does not involve any effect on the drug. In certain cases, the presence of a drug in an individual's blood may affect certain types of laboratory analysis (analytical interference).It is also possible for interactions to occur outside an organism before administration of the drugs has taken place. This can occur when two drugs are mixed, for example, in a saline solution prior to intravenous injection. Some classic examples of this type of interaction include that Thiopentone and Suxamethonium should not be placed in the same syringe and same is true for Benzylpenicillin and Heparin. These situations will all be discussed under the same heading due to their conceptual similarity.Drug interactions may be the result of various processes. These processes may include alterations in the pharmacokinetics of the drug, such as alterations in the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of a drug. Alternatively, drug interactions may be the result of the pharmacodynamic properties of the drug, e.g. the co-administration of a receptor antagonist and an agonist for the same receptor.