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ezogabine
ezogabine

... • Your pharmacist can provide more information about ezogabine. Remember, keep this and all other medicines out of the reach of children, never share your medicines with others, and use this medication only for the indication prescribed. Every effort has been made to ensure that the information prov ...
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... antimuscarinic drugs (B) Effectiveness in Parkinson's disease requires its metabolic conversion to an active metabolite (C) The drug is contraindicated in patients with a history of psychosis (D) The drug should not be administered to patients already taking levodopa (E) Mental disturbances occur mo ...
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DOC
DOC

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... Drug distribution is influenced by a variety of drug-specific physiochemical factors, including the role of drug transporters, blood/tissue protein binding, blood and tissue pH, and perfusion (Bartelink et al. 2006; Kearns et al. 2003a; Van Den Anker and Rakhmanina 2006). However, age-related change ...
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... and acute hemolysis induced by anti-malaria drugs in patients with low glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity – set the stage for new developments. By the end of the 80s, the causal genes coding for debrisoquine hydroxylase, or CYP2D6, had been cloned and characterized, inaugurating what ...
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... Age distribution of the patients in our study showed 60% were above the age of 50 years. As compared to a previous study, more than 14% 28.2% of elderly admissions were due to drugs 11-12. Elderly age group patients are at high risk of developing drug related adverse effects because of increased sen ...
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... should be guided by their bodyweight. Certain side effects, such as confusion, swelling of face feet or lower legs, or sudden decrease in the amount of urine, may be especially likely to occur in older patients who are usually more sensitive to the effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Al ...
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... • Identifies increased levels of thromboxane metabolite which is a risk factor for cardiovascular and neurovascular thrombotic disease ...
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Drug interaction



A drug interaction is a situation in which a substance (usually another drug) affects the activity of a drug when both are administered together. This action can be synergistic (when the drug's effect is increased) or antagonistic (when the drug's effect is decreased) or a new effect can be produced that neither produces on its own. Typically, interactions between drugs come to mind (drug-drug interaction). However, interactions may also exist between drugs and foods (drug-food interactions), as well as drugs and medicinal plants or herbs (drug-plant interactions). People taking antidepressant drugs such as monoamine oxidase inhibitors should not take food containing tyramine as hypertensive crisis may occur (an example of a drug-food interaction). These interactions may occur out of accidental misuse or due to lack of knowledge about the active ingredients involved in the relevant substances.It is therefore easy to see the importance of these pharmacological interactions in the practice of medicine. If a patient is taking two drugs and one of them increases the effect of the other it is possible that an overdose may occur. The interaction of the two drugs may also increase the risk that side effects will occur. On the other hand, if the action of a drug is reduced it may cease to have any therapeutic use because of under dosage. Notwithstanding the above, on occasion these interactions may be sought in order to obtain an improved therapeutic effect. Examples of this include the use of codeine with paracetamol to increase its analgesic effect. Or the combination of clavulanic acid with amoxicillin in order to overcome bacterial resistance to the antibiotic. It should also be remembered that there are interactions that, from a theoretical standpoint, may occur but in clinical practice have no important repercussions.The pharmaceutical interactions that are of special interest to the practice of medicine are primarily those that have negative effects for an organism. The risk that a pharmacological interaction will appear increases as a function of the number of drugs administered to a patient at the same time.It is possible that an interaction will occur between a drug and another substance present in the organism (i.e. foods or alcohol). Or in certain specific situations a drug may even react with itself, such as occurs with dehydration. In other situations, the interaction does not involve any effect on the drug. In certain cases, the presence of a drug in an individual's blood may affect certain types of laboratory analysis (analytical interference).It is also possible for interactions to occur outside an organism before administration of the drugs has taken place. This can occur when two drugs are mixed, for example, in a saline solution prior to intravenous injection. Some classic examples of this type of interaction include that Thiopentone and Suxamethonium should not be placed in the same syringe and same is true for Benzylpenicillin and Heparin. These situations will all be discussed under the same heading due to their conceptual similarity.Drug interactions may be the result of various processes. These processes may include alterations in the pharmacokinetics of the drug, such as alterations in the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of a drug. Alternatively, drug interactions may be the result of the pharmacodynamic properties of the drug, e.g. the co-administration of a receptor antagonist and an agonist for the same receptor.
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