taste masking methods and agents in pharmaceutical formulations
... cationic and anionic functional groups. They can exchange their mobile ions of equal charge with surrounding medium. Synthetic ion exchange resins have been used in pharmacy for taste masking from so many years. Drugs are attached to the resin substrate to form the insoluble adsorbates or resinates ...
... cationic and anionic functional groups. They can exchange their mobile ions of equal charge with surrounding medium. Synthetic ion exchange resins have been used in pharmacy for taste masking from so many years. Drugs are attached to the resin substrate to form the insoluble adsorbates or resinates ...
The a7 Nicotinic Receptor Agonist ABT-107 Decreases L
... Another set of monkeys (Fig. 4B) was first given ABT-894 orally at 0.01 mg/kg, a dose that optimally reduced LIDs (Zhang et al., 2014). The decline in LIDs reached its plateau by 5 weeks of ABT-894 treatment. At week 6, the monkeys were also administered ABT-107 at 0.10 mg/kg (Fig. 4B). No further d ...
... Another set of monkeys (Fig. 4B) was first given ABT-894 orally at 0.01 mg/kg, a dose that optimally reduced LIDs (Zhang et al., 2014). The decline in LIDs reached its plateau by 5 weeks of ABT-894 treatment. At week 6, the monkeys were also administered ABT-107 at 0.10 mg/kg (Fig. 4B). No further d ...
SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF AMILORIDE IN BULK AND PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATIONS Research Article
... were extracted quantitatively into chloroform and exhibiting absorption maxima at 590 nm and 420 nm with WFB and BCG respectively. The experimental factors affecting the development and stability of the ion-association complexes were studied and optimized. Such factors include pH, concentration of r ...
... were extracted quantitatively into chloroform and exhibiting absorption maxima at 590 nm and 420 nm with WFB and BCG respectively. The experimental factors affecting the development and stability of the ion-association complexes were studied and optimized. Such factors include pH, concentration of r ...
Coding Systems - HeliosComp.com
... can be used when no other CPT or HCPCS code matches the description of the product or service provided. These codes are not to be used when there is a more appropriate code. For example, K0108 is defined as ‘wheelchair component or accessory, not otherwise specified;’ most wheelchair parts have an a ...
... can be used when no other CPT or HCPCS code matches the description of the product or service provided. These codes are not to be used when there is a more appropriate code. For example, K0108 is defined as ‘wheelchair component or accessory, not otherwise specified;’ most wheelchair parts have an a ...
Soft Capsules: A Versatile Drug Delivery System
... Polyoxyl 40 hydrogenated castor oil, propylene glycol, mono-and diglycerides of corn oil, alcohol, DL--tocopherol, API ...
... Polyoxyl 40 hydrogenated castor oil, propylene glycol, mono-and diglycerides of corn oil, alcohol, DL--tocopherol, API ...
STANDARD vs. MODIFIED RELEASE STANDARD vs. MODIFIED
... asymmetric twice-daily dosing for the prophylactic treatment of angina. What about tolerance? Some degree of nitrate tolerance is observed after chronic dosing with any nitrate preparation.1,2 The most important issue when prescribing nitrates is to use a dosing strategy which protects against ischa ...
... asymmetric twice-daily dosing for the prophylactic treatment of angina. What about tolerance? Some degree of nitrate tolerance is observed after chronic dosing with any nitrate preparation.1,2 The most important issue when prescribing nitrates is to use a dosing strategy which protects against ischa ...
Prodrugs: Effective Solutions for Solubility, Permeability and
... from suboptimal PK properties including saturable absorption, high interpatient variability, lack of dose proportionality and a short half-life. To improve the PK properties of gabapentin, XP-13512 (XenoPort Inc) was developed as a prodrug to explore the use of intestinal monocarboxylate transporter ...
... from suboptimal PK properties including saturable absorption, high interpatient variability, lack of dose proportionality and a short half-life. To improve the PK properties of gabapentin, XP-13512 (XenoPort Inc) was developed as a prodrug to explore the use of intestinal monocarboxylate transporter ...
ANTINOCICEPTIVE AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF ALKALOID FRACTION OF TRICHOPUS ZEYLANICUS GAERTN.
... Antinociceptive activity of AFTZ was investigated using acetic acid induced writhing and hot plate method. The acetic acid induced writhing is a simple and reliable method for evaluating analgesic drug.18 On intraperitoneal administration of acetic acid produced abdominal constriction followed by ex ...
... Antinociceptive activity of AFTZ was investigated using acetic acid induced writhing and hot plate method. The acetic acid induced writhing is a simple and reliable method for evaluating analgesic drug.18 On intraperitoneal administration of acetic acid produced abdominal constriction followed by ex ...
AGNP Consensus Guidelines for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in
... with 2- to 40-fold higher levels in brain than in blood ▶ high apparent volume of distribution (about 10–50 L/kg) ▶ low trough plasma concentrations under steady-state (about 0.1–500 ng/mL for psychoactive drugs and up to 20 μg/mL for neurological drugs) ▶ slow elimination from plasma (half-life 12– ...
... with 2- to 40-fold higher levels in brain than in blood ▶ high apparent volume of distribution (about 10–50 L/kg) ▶ low trough plasma concentrations under steady-state (about 0.1–500 ng/mL for psychoactive drugs and up to 20 μg/mL for neurological drugs) ▶ slow elimination from plasma (half-life 12– ...
Dose - Allnurses.com
... propofol infusion. Continuous drips of propofol at high doses have been associated with “propofol infusion syndrome”. The syndrome includes metabolic acidosis, hemodynamic instability, hepatomegaly, ...
... propofol infusion. Continuous drips of propofol at high doses have been associated with “propofol infusion syndrome”. The syndrome includes metabolic acidosis, hemodynamic instability, hepatomegaly, ...
Alcohol Drugs and the Workplace
... and beliefs that are developed from an early age that may influence them as they begin to experiment with substances. For some, using alcohol or drugs is part of a way to cope with trauma, abuse or a mental health problem. Others start drinking one or two a night after work to relax and then soon fi ...
... and beliefs that are developed from an early age that may influence them as they begin to experiment with substances. For some, using alcohol or drugs is part of a way to cope with trauma, abuse or a mental health problem. Others start drinking one or two a night after work to relax and then soon fi ...
Antidepressant effect of Ethanol Extract of
... vigourously swimming in circles trying to climb the wall or diving to the bottom. After 23 minutes activity begins to subside and interspersed with phase of immobility or floating of increasing length. After 5 -6 minutes immobility reaches a plateau where the mice remains immobile for 80% of the tim ...
... vigourously swimming in circles trying to climb the wall or diving to the bottom. After 23 minutes activity begins to subside and interspersed with phase of immobility or floating of increasing length. After 5 -6 minutes immobility reaches a plateau where the mice remains immobile for 80% of the tim ...
Abstrakty Lublin
... cases are diagnosed each year [Villanueva et al., Epilepsy Behav, 2010]. Considering the choice of antiepileptic drug (AED), it is necessary to take into account the possible long-term consequences of therapy. Apart from the type of seizure or epileptic syndrome, also age, gender, the need for long- ...
... cases are diagnosed each year [Villanueva et al., Epilepsy Behav, 2010]. Considering the choice of antiepileptic drug (AED), it is necessary to take into account the possible long-term consequences of therapy. Apart from the type of seizure or epileptic syndrome, also age, gender, the need for long- ...
Potential Drug Interactions - edoc
... patient benefits from drug therapy; however, adverse events, ranging from minor side effects to death, may occur. One of the consequences of multiple drug use is the risk of one drug influencing the activity, the availability or the effect of a second drug. This so-called drug interaction can be des ...
... patient benefits from drug therapy; however, adverse events, ranging from minor side effects to death, may occur. One of the consequences of multiple drug use is the risk of one drug influencing the activity, the availability or the effect of a second drug. This so-called drug interaction can be des ...
Chapter 1 - Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies
... licenses for scientists conducting medical research with psychedelics22 and marijuana,23 or required annual production quotas for psychedelic drugs or marijuana used in research and medicine.24 25 All of these would come later (see chart). Scientists in the 19th century faced an empty regulatory sp ...
... licenses for scientists conducting medical research with psychedelics22 and marijuana,23 or required annual production quotas for psychedelic drugs or marijuana used in research and medicine.24 25 All of these would come later (see chart). Scientists in the 19th century faced an empty regulatory sp ...
Menopause drugs compared - Consumer Reports Health
... risk of heart disease if they take hormones, but they still face an elevated risk of breast cancer, blood clots, and stroke. Some of the initial confusion occurred because the original findings of the WHI and other studies of women taking hormones didn’t fully separate out results for younger (unde ...
... risk of heart disease if they take hormones, but they still face an elevated risk of breast cancer, blood clots, and stroke. Some of the initial confusion occurred because the original findings of the WHI and other studies of women taking hormones didn’t fully separate out results for younger (unde ...
The Addiction Potential of Hyperpalatable Foods
... In the past 40 years or so, HFCS has been added to a large variety of processed products, such as soft drinks, baked goods, and cereals. Indeed, our consumption of this simple sugar has increased exponentially – from about 4 to 12% of our daily caloric intake in a few generations [26]. In this capac ...
... In the past 40 years or so, HFCS has been added to a large variety of processed products, such as soft drinks, baked goods, and cereals. Indeed, our consumption of this simple sugar has increased exponentially – from about 4 to 12% of our daily caloric intake in a few generations [26]. In this capac ...
Testing For Amphetamines And Related Compounds
... Up-to-date cross-reactivity data are typically listed in immunoassay package inserts or may be obtained from each manufacturer. Ideally, laboratories should perform cross-reactivity studies of the most common interfering substances on their reagent/instrument system, but at a minimum they should con ...
... Up-to-date cross-reactivity data are typically listed in immunoassay package inserts or may be obtained from each manufacturer. Ideally, laboratories should perform cross-reactivity studies of the most common interfering substances on their reagent/instrument system, but at a minimum they should con ...
Perioperative anesthesia clinical considerations of
... Side effects described include dry mouth, dizziness, fatigue, constipation, and nausea. The most prominent adverse effect, attributed to its hypericin component, is photosensitivity [52]. There have been no reports of any adverse effects on cardiac conduction although if used concomitantly with a se ...
... Side effects described include dry mouth, dizziness, fatigue, constipation, and nausea. The most prominent adverse effect, attributed to its hypericin component, is photosensitivity [52]. There have been no reports of any adverse effects on cardiac conduction although if used concomitantly with a se ...
Erectile Dysfunction Drugs Changed the Protein Expressions and
... decreased the NADPH-cytochrome c reductase activity as well as its protein expression (Table 2 and Figure 1). In addition, such drugs inhibited the expression of CYP1B1/2 along with its corresponding enzyme marker, 7-ethoxycoumarinO-deethylase (ECOD) activity (Table 2 and Figure 1). Low dose of tada ...
... decreased the NADPH-cytochrome c reductase activity as well as its protein expression (Table 2 and Figure 1). In addition, such drugs inhibited the expression of CYP1B1/2 along with its corresponding enzyme marker, 7-ethoxycoumarinO-deethylase (ECOD) activity (Table 2 and Figure 1). Low dose of tada ...
Drug interaction
A drug interaction is a situation in which a substance (usually another drug) affects the activity of a drug when both are administered together. This action can be synergistic (when the drug's effect is increased) or antagonistic (when the drug's effect is decreased) or a new effect can be produced that neither produces on its own. Typically, interactions between drugs come to mind (drug-drug interaction). However, interactions may also exist between drugs and foods (drug-food interactions), as well as drugs and medicinal plants or herbs (drug-plant interactions). People taking antidepressant drugs such as monoamine oxidase inhibitors should not take food containing tyramine as hypertensive crisis may occur (an example of a drug-food interaction). These interactions may occur out of accidental misuse or due to lack of knowledge about the active ingredients involved in the relevant substances.It is therefore easy to see the importance of these pharmacological interactions in the practice of medicine. If a patient is taking two drugs and one of them increases the effect of the other it is possible that an overdose may occur. The interaction of the two drugs may also increase the risk that side effects will occur. On the other hand, if the action of a drug is reduced it may cease to have any therapeutic use because of under dosage. Notwithstanding the above, on occasion these interactions may be sought in order to obtain an improved therapeutic effect. Examples of this include the use of codeine with paracetamol to increase its analgesic effect. Or the combination of clavulanic acid with amoxicillin in order to overcome bacterial resistance to the antibiotic. It should also be remembered that there are interactions that, from a theoretical standpoint, may occur but in clinical practice have no important repercussions.The pharmaceutical interactions that are of special interest to the practice of medicine are primarily those that have negative effects for an organism. The risk that a pharmacological interaction will appear increases as a function of the number of drugs administered to a patient at the same time.It is possible that an interaction will occur between a drug and another substance present in the organism (i.e. foods or alcohol). Or in certain specific situations a drug may even react with itself, such as occurs with dehydration. In other situations, the interaction does not involve any effect on the drug. In certain cases, the presence of a drug in an individual's blood may affect certain types of laboratory analysis (analytical interference).It is also possible for interactions to occur outside an organism before administration of the drugs has taken place. This can occur when two drugs are mixed, for example, in a saline solution prior to intravenous injection. Some classic examples of this type of interaction include that Thiopentone and Suxamethonium should not be placed in the same syringe and same is true for Benzylpenicillin and Heparin. These situations will all be discussed under the same heading due to their conceptual similarity.Drug interactions may be the result of various processes. These processes may include alterations in the pharmacokinetics of the drug, such as alterations in the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of a drug. Alternatively, drug interactions may be the result of the pharmacodynamic properties of the drug, e.g. the co-administration of a receptor antagonist and an agonist for the same receptor.