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Real Contents
Real Contents

... (16.10.) Electric potential Conductors in electrostatic equilibrium Potential difference and electric potential Potential differences in a uniform electric field Electric potential and potential energy due to point charges Electric potential due to continuous charge distributions ...
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... 〉What happens to a compass near a wire that is carrying a current? 〉When the wire carries a strong, steady current, all of the compass needles move to align with the magnetic field created by the electric current. • Hans Christian Oersted found that magnetism is produced by moving electric charges. ...
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... moment to the sample. However, the domains can be oriented (i.e. the domain walls can be moved) by a relatively small field giving a large net moment, so the permeability is very high. The shape of the M-H curve is hysteretic; important loop parameters include area within the curve (the energy expen ...
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... Magnets can be used to sort iron and aluminium cans for recycling. Only the iron cans are attracted to the magnet. Magnets can also be used for holding fridge doors shut, and in compasses that sailors or walkers use. A wire with electricity flowing through it has a magnetic field around it. An elect ...
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... floating in spacetime. The gyroscope’s spin axis was aligned with a distant star at the beginning of the mission. After one year of orbit, scientists predict that the gyroscope, floating freely above the Earth, will turn slightly as local spacetime twists slightly (see “FrameDragging” card). The pre ...
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Magnet



A magnet (from Greek μαγνήτις λίθος magnḗtis líthos, ""Magnesian stone"") is a material or object that produces a magnetic field. This magnetic field is invisible but is responsible for the most notable property of a magnet: a force that pulls on other ferromagnetic materials, such as iron, and attracts or repels other magnets.A permanent magnet is an object made from a material that is magnetized and creates its own persistent magnetic field. An everyday example is a refrigerator magnet used to hold notes on a refrigerator door. Materials that can be magnetized, which are also the ones that are strongly attracted to a magnet, are called ferromagnetic (or ferrimagnetic). These include iron, nickel, cobalt, some alloys of rare earth metals, and some naturally occurring minerals such as lodestone. Although ferromagnetic (and ferrimagnetic) materials are the only ones attracted to a magnet strongly enough to be commonly considered magnetic, all other substances respond weakly to a magnetic field, by one of several other types of magnetism.Ferromagnetic materials can be divided into magnetically ""soft"" materials like annealed iron, which can be magnetized but do not tend to stay magnetized, and magnetically ""hard"" materials, which do. Permanent magnets are made from ""hard"" ferromagnetic materials such as alnico and ferrite that are subjected to special processing in a powerful magnetic field during manufacture, to align their internal microcrystalline structure, making them very hard to demagnetize. To demagnetize a saturated magnet, a certain magnetic field must be applied, and this threshold depends on coercivity of the respective material. ""Hard"" materials have high coercivity, whereas ""soft"" materials have low coercivity.An electromagnet is made from a coil of wire that acts as a magnet when an electric current passes through it but stops being a magnet when the current stops. Often, the coil is wrapped around a core of ""soft"" ferromagnetic material such as steel, which greatly enhances the magnetic field produced by the coil.The overall strength of a magnet is measured by its magnetic moment or, alternatively, the total magnetic flux it produces. The local strength of magnetism in a material is measured by its magnetization.
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