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Physics: Principles and Applications
Physics: Principles and Applications

... Sources of Magnetism A solenoid produces lines of flux as shown (in blue). ...
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... For 10 keV and B = 5T. The Larmor radius of the Deuterium ions is around 4 mm for the electrons around 0.07 mm Note that the alpha particles have an energy of 3.5 MeV and consequently a Larmor radius of 5.4 cm Typical values of the cyclotron frequency are 80 MHz for Hydrogen and 130 GHz for the elec ...
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... become very small When the external field is removed, the material may retain a net magnetization in the direction of the original field ...
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Phys-211104-08-10-06 - Philadelphia University Jordan

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IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) e-ISSN: 2278-1684,p-ISSN: 2320-334X,
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... used as an electron source for the 2.5 GeV INDUS -2 and 550 MeV INDUS -1particle accelerators. Due to the presence of revolving electrons inside the Microtron cavity, an Ultra High Vacuum (UHV) is required to be created inside it. This paper presents a structural analysis of the Microtron magnet pol ...
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... purposes, be sure to submit this page together with your answers when the exam is finished. Be sure to place both the exam number and the question number on any additional pages you wish to have graded. There are six equally weighted questions, each beginning on a new page. Read all six questions be ...
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... In H2 one can explicitly compute the energy of both states (here denoted with t for triplet, S = 1 and s for singlet, S = 0) using the Heitler-London method: Et ≈ 2E1s + Q − J Es ≈ 2E1s + Q + J Q (Coulomb integral ) contains all Coulomb energies (electrons with the nuclei, Coulomb interaction of the ...
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... The driving magnetic field will then be increased by a large  factor which is usually expressed as a relative  permeability for the material.  Ferromagnets will tend to stay magnetized to some extent  after being subjected to an external magnetic field after being subjected to an external magnetic f ...
Electromagnetic Induction
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... • We binned flares in five time intervals, τ: – time to cross the region within 45o of disk center (few days); – 6C/24C: the 6 & 24 hr windows centered each flow estimate; – 6N/24N: the “next” 6 & 24 hr windows after 6C/24C (6N is 3-9 hours in the future; 24N is 12-36 hours in the future) ...
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... just a few nanometers in size. An island consisted of two layers of iron atoms on a copper substrate. The team from Karlsruhe, headed by Wulf Wulfhekel, used a scanning tunneling microscope as the pen. An extremely strong electric field of a billion volts per meter is produced at the tip, which ends ...
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... • No radioactive wastes - although there will be local activation of structural materials ...
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Ferrofluid



A ferrofluid (portmanteau of ferromagnetic and fluid) is a liquid that becomes strongly magnetized in the presence of a magnetic field.Ferrofluid was invented in 1963 by NASA's Steve Papell as a liquid rocket fuel that could be drawn toward a pump inlet in a weightless environment by applying a magnetic field.Ferrofluids are colloidal liquids made of nanoscale ferromagnetic, or ferrimagnetic, particles suspended in a carrier fluid (usually an organic solvent or water). Each tiny particle is thoroughly coated with a surfactant to inhibit clumping. Large ferromagnetic particles can be ripped out of the homogeneous colloidal mixture, forming a separate clump of magnetic dust when exposed to strong magnetic fields. The magnetic attraction of nanoparticles is weak enough that the surfactant's Van der Waals force is sufficient to prevent magnetic clumping or agglomeration. Ferrofluids usually do not retain magnetization in the absence of an externally applied field and thus are often classified as ""superparamagnets"" rather than ferromagnets.The difference between ferrofluids and magnetorheological fluids (MR fluids) is the size of the particles. The particles in a ferrofluid primarily consist of nanoparticles which are suspended by Brownian motion and generally will not settle under normal conditions. MR fluid particles primarily consist of micrometre-scale particles which are too heavy for Brownian motion to keep them suspended, and thus will settle over time because of the inherent density difference between the particle and its carrier fluid. These two fluids have very different applications as a result.
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