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Domestic Electrical Appliances
Domestic Electrical Appliances

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance: An Introduction
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... The more efficient the relaxation process, the smaller relaxation time (T1) value you will get. In solids, since motions between molecules are limited, the relaxation time (T1) values are large. Spin-lattice relaxation measurements are usually carried out by pulse methods. Spin-Spin Relaxation ( T2) ...
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... A device for measuring electrical current in a circuit Units of measurement for measuring electrical current. (symbol A) Two or more electrical cells joined together. A chemical store of energy which provides the push that moves charges around a circuit The flow of electrical charge (electrons) arou ...
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Dynamical Petschek Reconnection

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... of the normal to the IP front was determined: n = ( -0.916; 0.12; 0.38). Its projection on the planes X-Y and X-Z are also shown in fig. 1. Figure 2 illustrates the behavior of velocity and temperature of protons, the concentration of ions. Similarly fig. 3 illustrates the behavior of components of ...
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... Define and calculate the basic physical quantities of electrostatics for the case of simple static LO 2 charge distribution; namely: Coulomb’s force, electrostatic field, electric Flux, electrostatic potential, voltage, and capacitance. LO 3 Represent the electric and magnetic field graphically for ...
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Ferrofluid



A ferrofluid (portmanteau of ferromagnetic and fluid) is a liquid that becomes strongly magnetized in the presence of a magnetic field.Ferrofluid was invented in 1963 by NASA's Steve Papell as a liquid rocket fuel that could be drawn toward a pump inlet in a weightless environment by applying a magnetic field.Ferrofluids are colloidal liquids made of nanoscale ferromagnetic, or ferrimagnetic, particles suspended in a carrier fluid (usually an organic solvent or water). Each tiny particle is thoroughly coated with a surfactant to inhibit clumping. Large ferromagnetic particles can be ripped out of the homogeneous colloidal mixture, forming a separate clump of magnetic dust when exposed to strong magnetic fields. The magnetic attraction of nanoparticles is weak enough that the surfactant's Van der Waals force is sufficient to prevent magnetic clumping or agglomeration. Ferrofluids usually do not retain magnetization in the absence of an externally applied field and thus are often classified as ""superparamagnets"" rather than ferromagnets.The difference between ferrofluids and magnetorheological fluids (MR fluids) is the size of the particles. The particles in a ferrofluid primarily consist of nanoparticles which are suspended by Brownian motion and generally will not settle under normal conditions. MR fluid particles primarily consist of micrometre-scale particles which are too heavy for Brownian motion to keep them suspended, and thus will settle over time because of the inherent density difference between the particle and its carrier fluid. These two fluids have very different applications as a result.
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