Semiconductors
... The conductivity of semiconductors is markedly affected by slight amounts of impurities. When a pure (intrinsic) semiconductor has controlled amount of impurity atoms embedded within its crystal structure, it is called an extrinsic semiconductor. Suppose we add arsenic atoms to a silicon crystal. Si ...
... The conductivity of semiconductors is markedly affected by slight amounts of impurities. When a pure (intrinsic) semiconductor has controlled amount of impurity atoms embedded within its crystal structure, it is called an extrinsic semiconductor. Suppose we add arsenic atoms to a silicon crystal. Si ...
Ab initio studies on optimized geometries for the thiazole
... compounds with free amino groups may exhibit teratogenic and mutagenic properties because of their ability to form non-covalent complexes with DNA [5,6]. That is why 2-aminothiazole derivatives with an acylated amino group may be of interest as potentially less toxic drugs with a wide variety of pha ...
... compounds with free amino groups may exhibit teratogenic and mutagenic properties because of their ability to form non-covalent complexes with DNA [5,6]. That is why 2-aminothiazole derivatives with an acylated amino group may be of interest as potentially less toxic drugs with a wide variety of pha ...
Chem1101 – Semester 1
... Recognise the consequences of Hund’s rule on the detailed electronic configuration of an atom Having one electron in each p-‐orbital will keep the electrons as far from each other as possible to accoun ...
... Recognise the consequences of Hund’s rule on the detailed electronic configuration of an atom Having one electron in each p-‐orbital will keep the electrons as far from each other as possible to accoun ...
Solution - ZOMUedu
... Molarity (M) = Moles of solute / Liters of solution ■ 1 M = 1 mol solute/ liter solution ○ Dilution = adding more solvent to a known solution ■ The moles of solute stay the same ■ M1V1 = M2V2 ○ Stock solution = a solution of known concentration that is used to make more dilute solutions Precipita ...
... Molarity (M) = Moles of solute / Liters of solution ■ 1 M = 1 mol solute/ liter solution ○ Dilution = adding more solvent to a known solution ■ The moles of solute stay the same ■ M1V1 = M2V2 ○ Stock solution = a solution of known concentration that is used to make more dilute solutions Precipita ...
Exam Review
... _P,As,Sb,Bi__8. Name of another element in the same family with Nitrogen _Li,Be,B,C,O,F,Ne____9. Name of another element in the same period with Nitrogen ...
... _P,As,Sb,Bi__8. Name of another element in the same family with Nitrogen _Li,Be,B,C,O,F,Ne____9. Name of another element in the same period with Nitrogen ...
Atomic Theory
... When energy is applied to specific (individual) elements they emit a spectrum which only contains emissions of particular s. A line spectrum is not continuous. Each element has its own characteristic line spectrum. Hydrogen spectrum- it consists of discrete lines that converge towards the high ene ...
... When energy is applied to specific (individual) elements they emit a spectrum which only contains emissions of particular s. A line spectrum is not continuous. Each element has its own characteristic line spectrum. Hydrogen spectrum- it consists of discrete lines that converge towards the high ene ...
Table of Contents - Free Coursework for GCSE, IGCSE, A Level, IB
... When energy is applied to specific (individual) elements they emit a spectrum which only contains emissions of particular s. A line spectrum is not continuous. Each element has its own characteristic line spectrum. Hydrogen spectrum- it consists of discrete lines that converge towards the high ene ...
... When energy is applied to specific (individual) elements they emit a spectrum which only contains emissions of particular s. A line spectrum is not continuous. Each element has its own characteristic line spectrum. Hydrogen spectrum- it consists of discrete lines that converge towards the high ene ...
samba2002v2
... spectroscopy, photometry and imaging, to study celestial sources. It can provide a general tool to explore the structure of compact sources and derive information on mass and angular momentum of supermassive objects. Comparing with the other three measurements, the development of X-ray polarimetry i ...
... spectroscopy, photometry and imaging, to study celestial sources. It can provide a general tool to explore the structure of compact sources and derive information on mass and angular momentum of supermassive objects. Comparing with the other three measurements, the development of X-ray polarimetry i ...
Chapter 8 & 9 PowerPoint
... between metal atoms and the surrounding sea of electrons • Ionic bonding – results from the electrical attraction between positive and negative ions. • Covalent bonding – results from the sharing of electron pairs between two atoms ...
... between metal atoms and the surrounding sea of electrons • Ionic bonding – results from the electrical attraction between positive and negative ions. • Covalent bonding – results from the sharing of electron pairs between two atoms ...
effective nuclear charge
... melting point and boiling point increases down the column density increases down the column in general, the increase in mass is greater than the increase in ...
... melting point and boiling point increases down the column density increases down the column in general, the increase in mass is greater than the increase in ...
X-ray binaries
... dynamically important close to the stellar surface and determines the properties of the accretion flow. The radius at which the effects of the magnetic field dominate all others is called the Alfven radius. • For thin-disk accretion onto a neutron star, the Alfven radius is defined as the radius at whic ...
... dynamically important close to the stellar surface and determines the properties of the accretion flow. The radius at which the effects of the magnetic field dominate all others is called the Alfven radius. • For thin-disk accretion onto a neutron star, the Alfven radius is defined as the radius at whic ...
11. Correlated electrons in complex transition metal oxides
... Coulomb interaction. With this definition, one would naively think that all materials show strong electronic correlations. However, in purely ionic systems, the electrons are confined to the immediate neighborhood of the respective atomic nucleus. On the other hand, in ideal metallic systems, the ot ...
... Coulomb interaction. With this definition, one would naively think that all materials show strong electronic correlations. However, in purely ionic systems, the electrons are confined to the immediate neighborhood of the respective atomic nucleus. On the other hand, in ideal metallic systems, the ot ...
Unit 3: Atoms and Light – Exploring Atomic and Electronic Structure
... spectrum called the visible light. And the X-rays are the wavelength that I do most of my work in that is around one ångström. And an ångström is a very small measurement. It’s 10-10 meters. And that’s one ten billionth of a meter. Light is described as having wave-particle duality. That is, it beha ...
... spectrum called the visible light. And the X-rays are the wavelength that I do most of my work in that is around one ångström. And an ångström is a very small measurement. It’s 10-10 meters. And that’s one ten billionth of a meter. Light is described as having wave-particle duality. That is, it beha ...
Understanding Thin Film Structure for the Rational Design of High
... identification tags (RFID), smart cards and electronic paper. The development of π-conjugated materials, which are composed of alternating single and double chemical bonds, are the foundation of these applications. In the past decade research in this field has progressed to the extent that desirable ...
... identification tags (RFID), smart cards and electronic paper. The development of π-conjugated materials, which are composed of alternating single and double chemical bonds, are the foundation of these applications. In the past decade research in this field has progressed to the extent that desirable ...
72KB
... Graphite consists of C atoms each covalently bonded to three other C atoms in a 2-D or layered arrangement with weak intermolecular forces of attraction between the layers or sheets. In diamond, the covalent bonds between the carbon atoms are very strong and hold the atoms in place, making it diffic ...
... Graphite consists of C atoms each covalently bonded to three other C atoms in a 2-D or layered arrangement with weak intermolecular forces of attraction between the layers or sheets. In diamond, the covalent bonds between the carbon atoms are very strong and hold the atoms in place, making it diffic ...
star test review
... (a) The amount of CaSO4 (s) will decrease, and the concentration of Ca2+ (aq) will decrease. (b) The amount of CaSO4 (s) will decrease, and the concentration of Ca2+ (aq) will increase. (c) The amount of CaSO4 (s) will increase, and the concentration of Ca2+ (aq) will decrease. (d) The amount of CaS ...
... (a) The amount of CaSO4 (s) will decrease, and the concentration of Ca2+ (aq) will decrease. (b) The amount of CaSO4 (s) will decrease, and the concentration of Ca2+ (aq) will increase. (c) The amount of CaSO4 (s) will increase, and the concentration of Ca2+ (aq) will decrease. (d) The amount of CaS ...
Class 1
... CI is called a “soft ionization” technique. The “molecular ion” (here, MH +) receives relatively excess energy and so fragmentation is less pronounced than in EI. Hence CI is especially useful when EI gives a mass spectrum with low or zero abundance molecular ion, as shown below. ...
... CI is called a “soft ionization” technique. The “molecular ion” (here, MH +) receives relatively excess energy and so fragmentation is less pronounced than in EI. Hence CI is especially useful when EI gives a mass spectrum with low or zero abundance molecular ion, as shown below. ...
Chapter 10 - HCC Learning Web
... The number of molecular orbitals formed is always equal to the number of atomic orbitals combined. A molecular orbital can accommodate up to two electrons. When electrons are added to orbitals of the same energy, the most stable arrangement is predicted by Hund's rule. Low-energy molecular orbitals ...
... The number of molecular orbitals formed is always equal to the number of atomic orbitals combined. A molecular orbital can accommodate up to two electrons. When electrons are added to orbitals of the same energy, the most stable arrangement is predicted by Hund's rule. Low-energy molecular orbitals ...
Slide 1
... Between thirty and fifty percent of all stars in the night sky belong to binary, or double star, systems. Under the right conditions, binary systems can enter stages of evolution that do not occur for single stars. One particularly interesting example is known as a common envelope (CE) phase, during ...
... Between thirty and fifty percent of all stars in the night sky belong to binary, or double star, systems. Under the right conditions, binary systems can enter stages of evolution that do not occur for single stars. One particularly interesting example is known as a common envelope (CE) phase, during ...
Slide 1
... neutral beam systems • magnetically confined fusion plasmas are heated by neutral beam injection (150 keV D+) • cannot accelerate neutral atoms • accelerate H+ then neutralize by charge exchange inefficient at >100 keV • however, with H-, the neutralization efficiency remains high out to 500 keV. ...
... neutral beam systems • magnetically confined fusion plasmas are heated by neutral beam injection (150 keV D+) • cannot accelerate neutral atoms • accelerate H+ then neutralize by charge exchange inefficient at >100 keV • however, with H-, the neutralization efficiency remains high out to 500 keV. ...
Metastable inner-shell molecular state
Metastable Innershell Molecular State (MIMS) is a class of ultra-high-energy short-lived molecules have the binding energy up to 1,000 times larger and bond length up to 100 times smaller than typical molecules. MIMS is formed by inner-shell electrons that are normally resistant to molecular formation. However, in stellar conditions, the inner-shell electrons become reactive to form molecular structures (MIMS) from combinations of all elements in the periodic table. MIMS upon dissociation can emit x-ray photons with energies up to 100 keV at extremely high conversion efficiencies from compression energy to photon energy. MIMS is predicted to exist and dominate radiation processes in extreme astrophysical environments, such as large planet cores, star interiors, and black hole and neutron star surroundings. There, MIMS is predicted to enable highly energy-efficient transformation of the stellar compression energy into the radiation energy.The right schematic illustration shows the proposed four stages of the K-shell MIMS (K-MIMS) formation and x-ray generation process. Stage I: Individual atoms are subjected to the stellar compression and ready for absorbing the compression energy. Stage II: The outer electron shells fuse together under increasing ""stellar"" pressure. Stage III: At the peak pressure, via pressure ionization K-shell orbits form the K-MIMS, which is vibrationally hot and encapsulated by a Rydberg-like pseudo-L-Shell structure. Stage IV: The K-MIMS cools down by ionizing (""boiling-off"") a number of pseudo-L-shell electrons and subsequent optical decay by emitting an x-ray photon. The dissociated atoms return their original atoms states and are ready for absorbing the compression energy.MIMS also can be readily produced in laboratory and industrial environments, such as hypervelocity particle impact, laser fusion and z-machine. MIMS can be exploited for highly energy-efficient production of high intensity x-ray beams for a wide range of innovative applications, such as photolithography, x-ray lasers, and inertial fusion.