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... Different numbers of electrons Consider the reaction of sodium with oxygen. – Sodium (2.8.1) needs to lose 1 electron. – Oxygen (2.6) needs to gain 2 electrons This can only happen if there are two sodium ions formed for every one oxygen ion formed. Na ...
... Different numbers of electrons Consider the reaction of sodium with oxygen. – Sodium (2.8.1) needs to lose 1 electron. – Oxygen (2.6) needs to gain 2 electrons This can only happen if there are two sodium ions formed for every one oxygen ion formed. Na ...
The Liquid State
... the X-ray diffraction pattern from CCI 4 • At small angles of diffraction the pattern is analogous to that seen with monatomic liquids. However there is a modulation seen at large angles. These two features can be understood in terms of inter-molecular distribution and intra-molecular distribution o ...
... the X-ray diffraction pattern from CCI 4 • At small angles of diffraction the pattern is analogous to that seen with monatomic liquids. However there is a modulation seen at large angles. These two features can be understood in terms of inter-molecular distribution and intra-molecular distribution o ...
Lecture 2 - MyCourses
... Pauling determined the χ values from bond dissociation energies Allen used one-electron energies from spectroscopic data The periodic trends of electronegativity (and chemical bonding) can be discussed in terms of effective nuclear charge Zeff experienced by the valence electrons Zeff = Z – σ, where ...
... Pauling determined the χ values from bond dissociation energies Allen used one-electron energies from spectroscopic data The periodic trends of electronegativity (and chemical bonding) can be discussed in terms of effective nuclear charge Zeff experienced by the valence electrons Zeff = Z – σ, where ...
Worksheet 8 Notes - Department of Chemistry | Oregon State
... Let me start by stating that we are familiar with many bases and acids. Those we know to be bases are Lewis bases and those we know to be acids are Lewis acids. Our previous ideas of bases and acids came from Arrhenius, Bronsted, and Lowry. These ideas involved protons—bases accept a proton and acid ...
... Let me start by stating that we are familiar with many bases and acids. Those we know to be bases are Lewis bases and those we know to be acids are Lewis acids. Our previous ideas of bases and acids came from Arrhenius, Bronsted, and Lowry. These ideas involved protons—bases accept a proton and acid ...
Slide 1
... The cores of very massive stars get so hot other fusion occurs After 1H fuses into 4He, the 4He fuses into 12C, 16O, 20Ne, 24Mg, 28Si, … , up to 56Fe Because no H is present, fusion does not form atoms with odd atomic numbers Once 56Fe is formed at the core, fusion stops, the star cools, and collaps ...
... The cores of very massive stars get so hot other fusion occurs After 1H fuses into 4He, the 4He fuses into 12C, 16O, 20Ne, 24Mg, 28Si, … , up to 56Fe Because no H is present, fusion does not form atoms with odd atomic numbers Once 56Fe is formed at the core, fusion stops, the star cools, and collaps ...
1) Basic familiarity with Atomic Labels. You will need a Periodic
... hydrogen, 7.10% nitrogen and 32.6% oxygen. What is the empirical formula of the compound? 6.3) Caffeine, a stimulant in coffee and tea and often found in OTC painkillers, has a molar mass of 194.19g/mol and mass composition 49.48% C, 5.19% H, 28.85% N and 16.48% O. What is the molecular formula of c ...
... hydrogen, 7.10% nitrogen and 32.6% oxygen. What is the empirical formula of the compound? 6.3) Caffeine, a stimulant in coffee and tea and often found in OTC painkillers, has a molar mass of 194.19g/mol and mass composition 49.48% C, 5.19% H, 28.85% N and 16.48% O. What is the molecular formula of c ...
name chemistry final review
... What does Boyle’s Law state? Its formula? What 2 factors must be held constant for this law to be true? Pressure and volume are inversely related to each other when temperature and the number of m ...
... What does Boyle’s Law state? Its formula? What 2 factors must be held constant for this law to be true? Pressure and volume are inversely related to each other when temperature and the number of m ...
Chapters 9 and 10
... Indicate the total number of sigma (σ) bonds and the total number of pi (π) bonds in the molecule ...
... Indicate the total number of sigma (σ) bonds and the total number of pi (π) bonds in the molecule ...
Document
... Resonance structures are useful in predicting possible reactions, especially for organic reaction. ...
... Resonance structures are useful in predicting possible reactions, especially for organic reaction. ...
Review # 3
... Radioactive decay: , particles and ray; and decays Nuclear equations Half-life, radioactive dating ...
... Radioactive decay: , particles and ray; and decays Nuclear equations Half-life, radioactive dating ...
aDST/NRF Centre of Excellence in Strong Materials and Molecular
... aDST/NRF Centre of Excellence in Strong Materials and Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, WITS 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa ...
... aDST/NRF Centre of Excellence in Strong Materials and Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, WITS 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa ...
Chemical Bonds ch6 p.161
... Remember: electronegativity = ability to gain electrons Bonding is rarely purely ionic or covalent………most of time somewhere in between Use table on p.151 and chart on page 162 (overhead 31) Subtract the two electronegativity numbers then ? is it less than 1.7 = polar covalent? Calculate bond type an ...
... Remember: electronegativity = ability to gain electrons Bonding is rarely purely ionic or covalent………most of time somewhere in between Use table on p.151 and chart on page 162 (overhead 31) Subtract the two electronegativity numbers then ? is it less than 1.7 = polar covalent? Calculate bond type an ...
Lecture two
... • “bed check” for electrons • description on how are electrons organized around the nucleus of protons and neutrons • Bohr model: Nils Bohr proposed electrons “orbit” around the atom’s nucleus in specific energy levels or orbits (electron shells) – these shells have a specific energy level – closer ...
... • “bed check” for electrons • description on how are electrons organized around the nucleus of protons and neutrons • Bohr model: Nils Bohr proposed electrons “orbit” around the atom’s nucleus in specific energy levels or orbits (electron shells) – these shells have a specific energy level – closer ...
Document
... • “bed check” for electrons • description on how are electrons organized around the nucleus of protons and neutrons • Bohr model: Nils Bohr proposed electrons “orbit” around the atom’s nucleus in specific energy levels or orbits (electron shells) – these shells have a specific energy level – closer ...
... • “bed check” for electrons • description on how are electrons organized around the nucleus of protons and neutrons • Bohr model: Nils Bohr proposed electrons “orbit” around the atom’s nucleus in specific energy levels or orbits (electron shells) – these shells have a specific energy level – closer ...
Angular momentum
... M. Haynes, CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics: A Ready-Reference Book of Chemical and Physical Data. Boca Raton, FL.: CRC Press, 2011. b M. Herman, A. Campargue, M. I. El Idrissi, and J. Vander Auwera, "Vibrational Spectroscopic Database on Acetylene," Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference ...
... M. Haynes, CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics: A Ready-Reference Book of Chemical and Physical Data. Boca Raton, FL.: CRC Press, 2011. b M. Herman, A. Campargue, M. I. El Idrissi, and J. Vander Auwera, "Vibrational Spectroscopic Database on Acetylene," Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference ...
Diffuse TeV Emission from the Galactic Center
... The two-temperature plasma component does a decent job of modeling the 1-10 keV spectrum, but cannot account for the emission flux > 20 keV ...
... The two-temperature plasma component does a decent job of modeling the 1-10 keV spectrum, but cannot account for the emission flux > 20 keV ...
16-2 Enrich: More Properties of Metals
... You have learned that each group of the periodic table has similar properties. For example, the metals of Group 1 are so reactive they don’t exist uncombined in nature. The Group 2 metals are also quite reactive. The table below shows atomic radius and reactivity of most of the metals in Groups 1 an ...
... You have learned that each group of the periodic table has similar properties. For example, the metals of Group 1 are so reactive they don’t exist uncombined in nature. The Group 2 metals are also quite reactive. The table below shows atomic radius and reactivity of most of the metals in Groups 1 an ...
Atomic Structure Tick Sheet
... NUMBERS of positive protons and negative electrons so the charges cancel. I know that all atoms of the same element have the SAME number of protons. I know that atoms of DIFFERENT elements have DIFFERENT numbers of protons. I know that the ATOMIC NUMBER of an atom is the BOTTOM NUMBER next to the sy ...
... NUMBERS of positive protons and negative electrons so the charges cancel. I know that all atoms of the same element have the SAME number of protons. I know that atoms of DIFFERENT elements have DIFFERENT numbers of protons. I know that the ATOMIC NUMBER of an atom is the BOTTOM NUMBER next to the sy ...
Final Review Answers
... a) Water evaporates faster at 40oC than at 20oC. More hydrogen bonds are breaking due to higher T. b) Propane (C3H8) boils at a lower temperature than water. Propane held together by weaker dispersion forces (NP). c) Oil is not soluble in water. Propane is nonpolar & is not attracted to polarity of ...
... a) Water evaporates faster at 40oC than at 20oC. More hydrogen bonds are breaking due to higher T. b) Propane (C3H8) boils at a lower temperature than water. Propane held together by weaker dispersion forces (NP). c) Oil is not soluble in water. Propane is nonpolar & is not attracted to polarity of ...
Sample
... Discuss the Bohr model of the atom and the electrical role of the nucleus and surrounding electrons. Stress the emptiness of the atom and lead into the idea of solid matter being mostly empty space. State how our bodies are 99.999% empty spaces, and how a particle, if tiny enough and not affected by ...
... Discuss the Bohr model of the atom and the electrical role of the nucleus and surrounding electrons. Stress the emptiness of the atom and lead into the idea of solid matter being mostly empty space. State how our bodies are 99.999% empty spaces, and how a particle, if tiny enough and not affected by ...
Bond
... In a polar covalent bond, the electrons are more attracted to the atom with the greater electronegativity. This results in a partial negative charge on that atom. The atom with the smaller electronegativity value acquires a partial positive charge. Molecular Polarity Molecules composed of covalently ...
... In a polar covalent bond, the electrons are more attracted to the atom with the greater electronegativity. This results in a partial negative charge on that atom. The atom with the smaller electronegativity value acquires a partial positive charge. Molecular Polarity Molecules composed of covalently ...
Metastable inner-shell molecular state
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/MIMS_Illustration_-_Final.jpg?width=300)
Metastable Innershell Molecular State (MIMS) is a class of ultra-high-energy short-lived molecules have the binding energy up to 1,000 times larger and bond length up to 100 times smaller than typical molecules. MIMS is formed by inner-shell electrons that are normally resistant to molecular formation. However, in stellar conditions, the inner-shell electrons become reactive to form molecular structures (MIMS) from combinations of all elements in the periodic table. MIMS upon dissociation can emit x-ray photons with energies up to 100 keV at extremely high conversion efficiencies from compression energy to photon energy. MIMS is predicted to exist and dominate radiation processes in extreme astrophysical environments, such as large planet cores, star interiors, and black hole and neutron star surroundings. There, MIMS is predicted to enable highly energy-efficient transformation of the stellar compression energy into the radiation energy.The right schematic illustration shows the proposed four stages of the K-shell MIMS (K-MIMS) formation and x-ray generation process. Stage I: Individual atoms are subjected to the stellar compression and ready for absorbing the compression energy. Stage II: The outer electron shells fuse together under increasing ""stellar"" pressure. Stage III: At the peak pressure, via pressure ionization K-shell orbits form the K-MIMS, which is vibrationally hot and encapsulated by a Rydberg-like pseudo-L-Shell structure. Stage IV: The K-MIMS cools down by ionizing (""boiling-off"") a number of pseudo-L-shell electrons and subsequent optical decay by emitting an x-ray photon. The dissociated atoms return their original atoms states and are ready for absorbing the compression energy.MIMS also can be readily produced in laboratory and industrial environments, such as hypervelocity particle impact, laser fusion and z-machine. MIMS can be exploited for highly energy-efficient production of high intensity x-ray beams for a wide range of innovative applications, such as photolithography, x-ray lasers, and inertial fusion.