Review topics-blog
... The second half of chapter 8 is centered around Lewis structures of molecular compounds. Molecular compounds result between non-metallic elements like C, H, N, O, Cl, etc. These elements by nature have higher ionization energies and many have less negative electron affinities. So these compounds ...
... The second half of chapter 8 is centered around Lewis structures of molecular compounds. Molecular compounds result between non-metallic elements like C, H, N, O, Cl, etc. These elements by nature have higher ionization energies and many have less negative electron affinities. So these compounds ...
Organic Chemistry Notes
... The chemical elements are gathered in a tabular way in a periodic table, which brings together the peculiar features of each element. Several conceptually and graphically different representation of the periodic table have been reported over the years since the first conception, by Dmitri Mendeleev. ...
... The chemical elements are gathered in a tabular way in a periodic table, which brings together the peculiar features of each element. Several conceptually and graphically different representation of the periodic table have been reported over the years since the first conception, by Dmitri Mendeleev. ...
Unit 3: Bonding and Nomenclature Content Outline: Chemical
... A. The natural tendency is to achieve the lowest possible Potential Energy state and thus behave “like” a Noble gas element. B. Energy is released in bond formation between atoms. C. Energy is required in the breaking of a bond between atoms. 1. The energy to make or break a bond is referred to as b ...
... A. The natural tendency is to achieve the lowest possible Potential Energy state and thus behave “like” a Noble gas element. B. Energy is released in bond formation between atoms. C. Energy is required in the breaking of a bond between atoms. 1. The energy to make or break a bond is referred to as b ...
Review Exam #1 - Seattle Central College
... Energy-Potential and Kinetic and Thermal Transfer of Energy-work and heat Exothermic-chemical system loses heat to the surroundings Endothermic-chemical system gains energy from the surroundings Electrons have Both Wave Characteristics (Electrons can be Diffracted by Crystals) and Particle Character ...
... Energy-Potential and Kinetic and Thermal Transfer of Energy-work and heat Exothermic-chemical system loses heat to the surroundings Endothermic-chemical system gains energy from the surroundings Electrons have Both Wave Characteristics (Electrons can be Diffracted by Crystals) and Particle Character ...
R E V I E W -- P R A C T I C E E X A
... Know the charges for your groups and WHY those charges occur. The difference between cations and anions Understand that metals combine with nonmetals to form ionic bonds. Understand the reactivity of metals and which groups of nonmetals they would most likely combine with to form ionic bonds. 88. Ne ...
... Know the charges for your groups and WHY those charges occur. The difference between cations and anions Understand that metals combine with nonmetals to form ionic bonds. Understand the reactivity of metals and which groups of nonmetals they would most likely combine with to form ionic bonds. 88. Ne ...
Chapter 10 (Hill/Petrucci/McCreary/Perry Bonding Theory and
... “Precise molecular geometry can be determined only by experiment but the shapes of many molecules and polyatomic ions can be predicted fairly well …” (Hill, p. 388) “As the name implies, the valence-shell electron pair repulsion method is based on the idea that pairs of valence electrons in bonded a ...
... “Precise molecular geometry can be determined only by experiment but the shapes of many molecules and polyatomic ions can be predicted fairly well …” (Hill, p. 388) “As the name implies, the valence-shell electron pair repulsion method is based on the idea that pairs of valence electrons in bonded a ...
Infrared Spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry
... IR spectra, and since different molecules will have different IR spectra, we can use IR to help identify molecules. The most complex (and informative) region is called the fingerprint region (600-1400cm-1) , and this contains the wagging, twisting, scissoring and rocking vibrations. The region that ...
... IR spectra, and since different molecules will have different IR spectra, we can use IR to help identify molecules. The most complex (and informative) region is called the fingerprint region (600-1400cm-1) , and this contains the wagging, twisting, scissoring and rocking vibrations. The region that ...
SOL Essential Knowledge
... 3. Chemical reactions based on the net heat energy are exothermic (heat producing) and endothermic (heat absorbing). 4. Reaction rates/kinetics are affected by activation energy, catalysis, and the degree of randomness (entropy). 5. Catalysts decrease the amount of activation energy needed. 6. React ...
... 3. Chemical reactions based on the net heat energy are exothermic (heat producing) and endothermic (heat absorbing). 4. Reaction rates/kinetics are affected by activation energy, catalysis, and the degree of randomness (entropy). 5. Catalysts decrease the amount of activation energy needed. 6. React ...
File
... When atoms become electrically charged particles, they are called ions. Metals lose electrons and become positive ions (called cations). Some metals (multivalent) lose electrons in different ways. For example, iron, Fe, loses either two (Fe2+) or three (Fe3+) electrons Non-metals gain elec ...
... When atoms become electrically charged particles, they are called ions. Metals lose electrons and become positive ions (called cations). Some metals (multivalent) lose electrons in different ways. For example, iron, Fe, loses either two (Fe2+) or three (Fe3+) electrons Non-metals gain elec ...
Thursday, 1/29/09 - Liberty Union High School District
... •White light -continuous spectrum •Hydrogen atoms -line-emission spectrum •Big Question -Why did hydrogen atoms only give off specific frequency (colors) of light? ...
... •White light -continuous spectrum •Hydrogen atoms -line-emission spectrum •Big Question -Why did hydrogen atoms only give off specific frequency (colors) of light? ...
A = 27
... atom. If three e- were lost 10, are remaining. ANS-4 #33 The excited state must have the same # of electrons as the neutral atom, however one or more must be at a higher energy level (outermost shell) that the ground state of the periodic table ( for Al it is 2-8-3), 13 electrons.The ans is 1) 2-7-4 ...
... atom. If three e- were lost 10, are remaining. ANS-4 #33 The excited state must have the same # of electrons as the neutral atom, however one or more must be at a higher energy level (outermost shell) that the ground state of the periodic table ( for Al it is 2-8-3), 13 electrons.The ans is 1) 2-7-4 ...
CH 2 atoms, dalton,
... that combustion involves reaction with oxygen. 2. Heat is applied to an ice cube in a closed container until only steam is present. Draw a representation of this process, assuming you can see it at an extremely high level of magnification. What happens to the size of the molecule? What happens to th ...
... that combustion involves reaction with oxygen. 2. Heat is applied to an ice cube in a closed container until only steam is present. Draw a representation of this process, assuming you can see it at an extremely high level of magnification. What happens to the size of the molecule? What happens to th ...
GLOSSARY OF SCIENTIFIC TERMS IN THE MYSTERY OF MATTER
... Any of a group of metallic elements that includes beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, and radium. A positively charged particle, indistinguishable from a helium atom nucleus and consisting of two protons and two neutrons. ...
... Any of a group of metallic elements that includes beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, and radium. A positively charged particle, indistinguishable from a helium atom nucleus and consisting of two protons and two neutrons. ...
Final review free response ch 1-4
... 5. If you have 4 g NaOH, and 10 g HBr, what is the limiting reagent and how much salt is produced? In lab if you produce1 g salt, what is the percent yield? ...
... 5. If you have 4 g NaOH, and 10 g HBr, what is the limiting reagent and how much salt is produced? In lab if you produce1 g salt, what is the percent yield? ...
Quantum Theory Historical Reference
... wave properties under certain circumstances. His doctoral thesis (1925) proposed that a particle of mass (m) and velocity (v) should have a wavelength associated with it. Ultimately explains the quantized energy of electrons. de Broglie = h/(mv) h = Plank’s constant: 6.63 x 10-34 J.s In order ...
... wave properties under certain circumstances. His doctoral thesis (1925) proposed that a particle of mass (m) and velocity (v) should have a wavelength associated with it. Ultimately explains the quantized energy of electrons. de Broglie = h/(mv) h = Plank’s constant: 6.63 x 10-34 J.s In order ...
Resource for Final Exam Prep
... Intermolecular forces: London-dispersion (due to temporary dipole, this is the only force for non-polar molecules), dipole-dipole (polar molecules), ion-dipole (ions and polar molecule), hydrogen bonding (molecule should be H attached to F, O or N and there should be at least one lone pair of electr ...
... Intermolecular forces: London-dispersion (due to temporary dipole, this is the only force for non-polar molecules), dipole-dipole (polar molecules), ion-dipole (ions and polar molecule), hydrogen bonding (molecule should be H attached to F, O or N and there should be at least one lone pair of electr ...
Periodic Table
... isotopes.The lighter isotope (Cu-63), with 29 protons and 34 neutrons, makes up 69.17% of copper atoms.The heavier isotope (Cu-65), with 29 protons and 36 neutrons, constitutes the remaining 30.83% of copper atoms. Calculate the atomic mass of Copper. ...
... isotopes.The lighter isotope (Cu-63), with 29 protons and 34 neutrons, makes up 69.17% of copper atoms.The heavier isotope (Cu-65), with 29 protons and 36 neutrons, constitutes the remaining 30.83% of copper atoms. Calculate the atomic mass of Copper. ...
Chemistry Content Standards
... physical processes. a. Compare and contrast atomic/molecular motion in solids, liquids, gases, and plasmas. b. Collect data and calculate the amount of heat given off or taken in by chemical or physical processes. c. Analyzing (both conceptually and quantitatively) flow of energy during change of st ...
... physical processes. a. Compare and contrast atomic/molecular motion in solids, liquids, gases, and plasmas. b. Collect data and calculate the amount of heat given off or taken in by chemical or physical processes. c. Analyzing (both conceptually and quantitatively) flow of energy during change of st ...
Chemical bond - Physical Science
... ▫ Ionic compounds are neutral because the total positive charge of the cations equals the total negative charge of the anions ...
... ▫ Ionic compounds are neutral because the total positive charge of the cations equals the total negative charge of the anions ...
Chemical bond
A chemical bond is an attraction between atoms that allows the formation of chemical substances that contain two or more atoms. The bond is caused by the electrostatic force of attraction between opposite charges, either between electrons and nuclei, or as the result of a dipole attraction. The strength of chemical bonds varies considerably; there are ""strong bonds"" such as covalent or ionic bonds and ""weak bonds"" such as Dipole-dipole interaction, the London dispersion force and hydrogen bonding.Since opposite charges attract via a simple electromagnetic force, the negatively charged electrons that are orbiting the nucleus and the positively charged protons in the nucleus attract each other. An electron positioned between two nuclei will be attracted to both of them, and the nuclei will be attracted toward electrons in this position. This attraction constitutes the chemical bond. Due to the matter wave nature of electrons and their smaller mass, they must occupy a much larger amount of volume compared with the nuclei, and this volume occupied by the electrons keeps the atomic nuclei relatively far apart, as compared with the size of the nuclei themselves. This phenomenon limits the distance between nuclei and atoms in a bond.In general, strong chemical bonding is associated with the sharing or transfer of electrons between the participating atoms. The atoms in molecules, crystals, metals and diatomic gases—indeed most of the physical environment around us—are held together by chemical bonds, which dictate the structure and the bulk properties of matter.All bonds can be explained by quantum theory, but, in practice, simplification rules allow chemists to predict the strength, directionality, and polarity of bonds. The octet rule and VSEPR theory are two examples. More sophisticated theories are valence bond theory which includes orbital hybridization and resonance, and the linear combination of atomic orbitals molecular orbital method which includes ligand field theory. Electrostatics are used to describe bond polarities and the effects they have on chemical substances.