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Using mass to calculate molecular formula
... Benzene consists of 7.69% H and 92.31%C. Converting this to a formula gives CH. This is the simplest integer ratio. In fact a molecule of benzene has the formula C6H6. Empirical formula CH – simplest whole number ratio. Molecular formula C6H6 – actual number of atoms in the molecule. Percentages of ...
... Benzene consists of 7.69% H and 92.31%C. Converting this to a formula gives CH. This is the simplest integer ratio. In fact a molecule of benzene has the formula C6H6. Empirical formula CH – simplest whole number ratio. Molecular formula C6H6 – actual number of atoms in the molecule. Percentages of ...
Zumdahl`s Chapter 7
... – Cleave space with an x=0 plane – But y=0 or z=0 work as well, so there are three or 2l+1 suborbitals. – The ml sequence always gives 2l+1 – ml differentiates directions in space for chemical bonding! ...
... – Cleave space with an x=0 plane – But y=0 or z=0 work as well, so there are three or 2l+1 suborbitals. – The ml sequence always gives 2l+1 – ml differentiates directions in space for chemical bonding! ...
Chapter 6.8 - Periodic Trends
... Analyze Figure 6.15 and the associated text. The ionization energy of main-group elements (does not include transition metals) shows the general trend of _____. Pick two. a. increasing when progressing across a row from left to right b. decreasing when progressing across a row from left to right c. ...
... Analyze Figure 6.15 and the associated text. The ionization energy of main-group elements (does not include transition metals) shows the general trend of _____. Pick two. a. increasing when progressing across a row from left to right b. decreasing when progressing across a row from left to right c. ...
Chapter 9 Review quizdom
... a. cobalt(I) chlorate b. cobalt(I) chloride c. cobalt(II) chlorate d. cobalt(II) chloride ...
... a. cobalt(I) chlorate b. cobalt(I) chloride c. cobalt(II) chlorate d. cobalt(II) chloride ...
Quantum numbers
... Syntax: nlx, with x = # of electrons • Carbon: (1s2) 2s2, 2p2; Sulfur: (…), 3s2, 3p4 • Homework: write down the electron configurations of N, O, Cl why do halogens (X) form X2 in the gas phase? why do the alkali metals (Li, Na, ….) do so too? ...
... Syntax: nlx, with x = # of electrons • Carbon: (1s2) 2s2, 2p2; Sulfur: (…), 3s2, 3p4 • Homework: write down the electron configurations of N, O, Cl why do halogens (X) form X2 in the gas phase? why do the alkali metals (Li, Na, ….) do so too? ...
PPT format
... Effective nuclear charge, Zeff: the net positive charge attracting an electron. An approximation to this net charge is Zeff(effective nuclear charge) = Z(actual nuclear charge) - Zcore(core electrons) The core electrons are in subshell between the electron in question and the nucleus. The core elect ...
... Effective nuclear charge, Zeff: the net positive charge attracting an electron. An approximation to this net charge is Zeff(effective nuclear charge) = Z(actual nuclear charge) - Zcore(core electrons) The core electrons are in subshell between the electron in question and the nucleus. The core elect ...
HW / Unit 2
... 1. Explain what each of the following scientists contributed to atomic theory. a. Niels Bohr b. Erwin Schrodinger 2. Give two uses of the phenomena whereby atoms give off colorful light when supplied with energy. 3. Explain what led Bohr to believe that electrons could only be found at certain energ ...
... 1. Explain what each of the following scientists contributed to atomic theory. a. Niels Bohr b. Erwin Schrodinger 2. Give two uses of the phenomena whereby atoms give off colorful light when supplied with energy. 3. Explain what led Bohr to believe that electrons could only be found at certain energ ...
Ionic Bonding - petersonORHS
... electricity. Ions can move! • These solutions are called “Electrolytes” • Ionic compounds have very high melting points • When melted “molten” they conduct electricity. Ions can move! (melted salts are conductors) • Exist as crystals in a “crystal lattice.” ...
... electricity. Ions can move! • These solutions are called “Electrolytes” • Ionic compounds have very high melting points • When melted “molten” they conduct electricity. Ions can move! (melted salts are conductors) • Exist as crystals in a “crystal lattice.” ...
H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2
... So now you know as much as I do about balancing equations. You are ready for the big leagues. Be careful. Have fun. Don't hurt yourselves. Remember, safety is #1. Go on now and get your PhD in balancing equations and make your millions!! ...
... So now you know as much as I do about balancing equations. You are ready for the big leagues. Be careful. Have fun. Don't hurt yourselves. Remember, safety is #1. Go on now and get your PhD in balancing equations and make your millions!! ...
A`r ji r/ Ii
... a. the total number of protons and neulrons in the nucleus of an atom b. the weighted average mass of the atoms in a naturally occurring sample of an element c. 1/12 the mass of a carboni2 atom d. the number of protons in the nucleus of an ...
... a. the total number of protons and neulrons in the nucleus of an atom b. the weighted average mass of the atoms in a naturally occurring sample of an element c. 1/12 the mass of a carboni2 atom d. the number of protons in the nucleus of an ...
Atomic Spectra
... E R 2 2 , where the Rydberg constant R (40 ) 2 h 2 nl nh reduced mass of the electron/nucleus combination, and 4 0 is the permittivity of a vacuum, ( 4 0 )-1 = 8.98755 × 109 J m/C2. The Ritz combination principle states that the wave number of any spectral line (of any atom, no ...
... E R 2 2 , where the Rydberg constant R (40 ) 2 h 2 nl nh reduced mass of the electron/nucleus combination, and 4 0 is the permittivity of a vacuum, ( 4 0 )-1 = 8.98755 × 109 J m/C2. The Ritz combination principle states that the wave number of any spectral line (of any atom, no ...
final exam review chapter 1-4
... 5. If you have 4 g NaOH, and 10 g HBr, what is the limiting reagent and how much salt is produced? In lab if you produce1 g salt, what is the percent yield? ...
... 5. If you have 4 g NaOH, and 10 g HBr, what is the limiting reagent and how much salt is produced? In lab if you produce1 g salt, what is the percent yield? ...
mark scheme - A-Level Chemistry
... Many/strong covalent bonds need to be broken If any other element mentioned other than C, CE = 0 Ignore the no of covalent bonds around the C if mentioned The first 3 marks could be scored with a labelled diagram. Need to label or state covalent bonds within the layers. Covalent or ionic or metallic ...
... Many/strong covalent bonds need to be broken If any other element mentioned other than C, CE = 0 Ignore the no of covalent bonds around the C if mentioned The first 3 marks could be scored with a labelled diagram. Need to label or state covalent bonds within the layers. Covalent or ionic or metallic ...
Tellurium
... conformation (5 bonds and one lone pair). • This can be achieve through inter or intramolecular interactions • This tendency can be weakened by the use of bulky organic groups like the one used in compound three, however some intermolecular interactions still may occur • The use of a halide that wil ...
... conformation (5 bonds and one lone pair). • This can be achieve through inter or intramolecular interactions • This tendency can be weakened by the use of bulky organic groups like the one used in compound three, however some intermolecular interactions still may occur • The use of a halide that wil ...
Ch4 notes - Midway ISD
... the New Atomic Model • Rutherford’s atomic model – nucleus surrounded by fastmoving electrons- not complete model ...
... the New Atomic Model • Rutherford’s atomic model – nucleus surrounded by fastmoving electrons- not complete model ...
C - Upton-by-Chester High School
... Metals have quite high melting and boiling points. Metals are held together by many strong electrostatic attractions or attractions between positive ions and negative electrons(1) Lots of energy is needed to overcome these attractions(1) (no mention of molecules!) ...
... Metals have quite high melting and boiling points. Metals are held together by many strong electrostatic attractions or attractions between positive ions and negative electrons(1) Lots of energy is needed to overcome these attractions(1) (no mention of molecules!) ...
CHAPTER 1 Practice Exercises 1.1 x = 12.3 g Cd 1.3 2.24845 ×12 u
... There is no space in the periodic table for another element of mass 73 u. Germanium has an atomic mass of 72.6 u and an atomic number of 32. Next to it on the periodic table is arsenic which has an atomic number of 33. In order for there to be a new element with an atomic mass of 73, it would be exp ...
... There is no space in the periodic table for another element of mass 73 u. Germanium has an atomic mass of 72.6 u and an atomic number of 32. Next to it on the periodic table is arsenic which has an atomic number of 33. In order for there to be a new element with an atomic mass of 73, it would be exp ...
Chapter 5 Homework
... 1. Which statement regarding the gold foil experiment is false? (a) It was performed by Rutherford and his research group early in the 20th century. (b) Most of the alpha particles passed through the foil undeflected. (c) The alpha particles were repelled by electrons. (d) It suggested the nuclear m ...
... 1. Which statement regarding the gold foil experiment is false? (a) It was performed by Rutherford and his research group early in the 20th century. (b) Most of the alpha particles passed through the foil undeflected. (c) The alpha particles were repelled by electrons. (d) It suggested the nuclear m ...
Chpater 5.3 PPT
... Ionic Radii Cation (positive ion) Smaller atomic radius than atom Due to: electrons being removed increased effective nuclear charge ...
... Ionic Radii Cation (positive ion) Smaller atomic radius than atom Due to: electrons being removed increased effective nuclear charge ...
Modern Model of the Atom
... Find the noble gas that comes before the element and is numerically the closest Write its symbol in brackets Write the remainder of the electron ...
... Find the noble gas that comes before the element and is numerically the closest Write its symbol in brackets Write the remainder of the electron ...
Ch 08 MolecularGeometry_rev
... will be most stable when they are as far apart as possible – we call this valence shell electron pair repulsion theory – because electrons are negatively charged, they should be most stable when they are separated as much as possible ...
... will be most stable when they are as far apart as possible – we call this valence shell electron pair repulsion theory – because electrons are negatively charged, they should be most stable when they are separated as much as possible ...
Atomic number
... Ionic Bonds Atoms will bond together in order to have a stable valence shell. One atom may give up an electron to another atom so that they both have stable valence shells. Since one atom lost an electron and the other gained an electron, they are both now IONS. This called an ionic bond. ...
... Ionic Bonds Atoms will bond together in order to have a stable valence shell. One atom may give up an electron to another atom so that they both have stable valence shells. Since one atom lost an electron and the other gained an electron, they are both now IONS. This called an ionic bond. ...
Chemical bond
A chemical bond is an attraction between atoms that allows the formation of chemical substances that contain two or more atoms. The bond is caused by the electrostatic force of attraction between opposite charges, either between electrons and nuclei, or as the result of a dipole attraction. The strength of chemical bonds varies considerably; there are ""strong bonds"" such as covalent or ionic bonds and ""weak bonds"" such as Dipole-dipole interaction, the London dispersion force and hydrogen bonding.Since opposite charges attract via a simple electromagnetic force, the negatively charged electrons that are orbiting the nucleus and the positively charged protons in the nucleus attract each other. An electron positioned between two nuclei will be attracted to both of them, and the nuclei will be attracted toward electrons in this position. This attraction constitutes the chemical bond. Due to the matter wave nature of electrons and their smaller mass, they must occupy a much larger amount of volume compared with the nuclei, and this volume occupied by the electrons keeps the atomic nuclei relatively far apart, as compared with the size of the nuclei themselves. This phenomenon limits the distance between nuclei and atoms in a bond.In general, strong chemical bonding is associated with the sharing or transfer of electrons between the participating atoms. The atoms in molecules, crystals, metals and diatomic gases—indeed most of the physical environment around us—are held together by chemical bonds, which dictate the structure and the bulk properties of matter.All bonds can be explained by quantum theory, but, in practice, simplification rules allow chemists to predict the strength, directionality, and polarity of bonds. The octet rule and VSEPR theory are two examples. More sophisticated theories are valence bond theory which includes orbital hybridization and resonance, and the linear combination of atomic orbitals molecular orbital method which includes ligand field theory. Electrostatics are used to describe bond polarities and the effects they have on chemical substances.