Unit 14-Chemical Reactions
... • Chemical reactions involve changes in matter, the making of new materials with new properties, and energy changes. • Symbols represent elements, formulas describe compounds, chemical equations describe a chemical reaction: 2 H2 + O2 → 2 H2O • Chemical reactions occur when bonds between the outermo ...
... • Chemical reactions involve changes in matter, the making of new materials with new properties, and energy changes. • Symbols represent elements, formulas describe compounds, chemical equations describe a chemical reaction: 2 H2 + O2 → 2 H2O • Chemical reactions occur when bonds between the outermo ...
vuletic
... Cooling and trapping techniques Stabilizing Ions with Light Ions are a promising qubit for quantum computation. Ions are standardly trapped with time varying (RF) electric fields. These traps are limited in size and by micromotion, residual motion inherent in these RF traps. We are developing a new ...
... Cooling and trapping techniques Stabilizing Ions with Light Ions are a promising qubit for quantum computation. Ions are standardly trapped with time varying (RF) electric fields. These traps are limited in size and by micromotion, residual motion inherent in these RF traps. We are developing a new ...
electron configuration
... • Valence shell: outermost EL that is occupied by ein the electron cloud • Valence shell electrons: an e- that is available to be lost, gained, or shared in the outer EL – These electrons are of primary concern because they are the electrons most involved in chemical ...
... • Valence shell: outermost EL that is occupied by ein the electron cloud • Valence shell electrons: an e- that is available to be lost, gained, or shared in the outer EL – These electrons are of primary concern because they are the electrons most involved in chemical ...
June 2011 review
... 5. Base your answer on the information below. Polonium-210 occurs naturally, but is scarce. Polonium-210 is primarily used in devices designed to eliminate static electricity in machinery. It is also used in brushes to remove dust from camera lenses. Polonium-210 can be created in the laboratory by ...
... 5. Base your answer on the information below. Polonium-210 occurs naturally, but is scarce. Polonium-210 is primarily used in devices designed to eliminate static electricity in machinery. It is also used in brushes to remove dust from camera lenses. Polonium-210 can be created in the laboratory by ...
Chapter 4 Section 2
... Answered Rutherford’s ?—electrons in a particular path have a fixed energy, they do NOT lose energy and fall into the nucleus Energy level—region around nucleus where it is likely to be moving, similar to rungs on a ladder but not equally spaced Quantum—amount of energy needed to move an electron fr ...
... Answered Rutherford’s ?—electrons in a particular path have a fixed energy, they do NOT lose energy and fall into the nucleus Energy level—region around nucleus where it is likely to be moving, similar to rungs on a ladder but not equally spaced Quantum—amount of energy needed to move an electron fr ...
PROPERTIES_OF_MATTER
... chemically combined in a fixed proportion. – for example: • Common table salt is a one to one combination of sodium atoms (Na) and chlorine atoms (Cl) = NaCl ...
... chemically combined in a fixed proportion. – for example: • Common table salt is a one to one combination of sodium atoms (Na) and chlorine atoms (Cl) = NaCl ...
Directed Reading
... ______ 40. When calculating an atom’s approximate mass, how is the mass of electrons figured? a. It is ignored. b. It is figured at 1 over 1,840. c. It is figured at 1 for every proton. d. It is figured at 1,840 for every proton. ______ 41. Although all atoms of the same element contain the same num ...
... ______ 40. When calculating an atom’s approximate mass, how is the mass of electrons figured? a. It is ignored. b. It is figured at 1 over 1,840. c. It is figured at 1 for every proton. d. It is figured at 1,840 for every proton. ______ 41. Although all atoms of the same element contain the same num ...
Carbon-12 Stable
... Elements- pure substance made up of only one type of atom -cannot be broken down into simpler substances by physical or chemical means Compounds- pure substance made up of multiple types of atoms, chemically bound to form particles called molecules ...
... Elements- pure substance made up of only one type of atom -cannot be broken down into simpler substances by physical or chemical means Compounds- pure substance made up of multiple types of atoms, chemically bound to form particles called molecules ...
Arrangement of Electrons in Atoms
... For a given metal, no electrons were emitted if the lights frequency was below a certain minimum. The brightness of a light won’t necessarily cause electrons to flow. Ex. Red light will not cause electrons to flow in a sheet of sodium metal, no matter how long or bright the source is. Violet light w ...
... For a given metal, no electrons were emitted if the lights frequency was below a certain minimum. The brightness of a light won’t necessarily cause electrons to flow. Ex. Red light will not cause electrons to flow in a sheet of sodium metal, no matter how long or bright the source is. Violet light w ...
Chapter 5
... • Atomic spectra: Result from excited atoms emitting light. – Line spectra: Result from electron transitions between specific energy levels. ...
... • Atomic spectra: Result from excited atoms emitting light. – Line spectra: Result from electron transitions between specific energy levels. ...
CHEM1611 Worksheet 2: Atomic Accountancy Model 1
... Throughout history, the model of the atom and how/where the electrons exist and move has changed as our scientific knowledge has increased. The current model describes the motions of electrons using atomic orbitals. Orbitals gives us information about the probability of an electron being in a partic ...
... Throughout history, the model of the atom and how/where the electrons exist and move has changed as our scientific knowledge has increased. The current model describes the motions of electrons using atomic orbitals. Orbitals gives us information about the probability of an electron being in a partic ...
Chapter 4: Arrangement of Electrons in Atoms
... iv. In 1905 Albert Einstein proposed that light has a dual waveparticle nature (it behaves like both). He stated that each particle of light carries a quantum of energy. He called them photons. A photon is a particle of EM radiation that has zero mass and carries a quantum of energy. He used the Qua ...
... iv. In 1905 Albert Einstein proposed that light has a dual waveparticle nature (it behaves like both). He stated that each particle of light carries a quantum of energy. He called them photons. A photon is a particle of EM radiation that has zero mass and carries a quantum of energy. He used the Qua ...
Title: Understanding of Molecular Orbital
... that the wavefunctions of two hydrogen atoms φ (a ) and φ (b) will interact constructively or destructively. If they interact constructively then the molecular wavefunction ...
... that the wavefunctions of two hydrogen atoms φ (a ) and φ (b) will interact constructively or destructively. If they interact constructively then the molecular wavefunction ...
AP Chemistry Summer Work
... Probability and electron density Orbitals; wave functions knowing (n) in electron shell N & 1 values = sub shells 4. Electron Configuration ! Hund’s Rules Know how to indicate electron configuration of an atom Main Groups Valence electrons vs. core electrons Transitions lanthanide ac ...
... Probability and electron density Orbitals; wave functions knowing (n) in electron shell N & 1 values = sub shells 4. Electron Configuration ! Hund’s Rules Know how to indicate electron configuration of an atom Main Groups Valence electrons vs. core electrons Transitions lanthanide ac ...
What is the principle of a band gap? It is not straightforward
... It is not straightforward to quickly explain this principle, but I will give it a try. I will use a chemical picture to explain the nature of the band gap. You have to realize that ...
... It is not straightforward to quickly explain this principle, but I will give it a try. I will use a chemical picture to explain the nature of the band gap. You have to realize that ...
QUANTUM NUMBERS WORKSHEET Element 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s
... 10. When an electron moves from the ground state to the excited state, energy is _absorbed_. 11. Bohr chose the element _hydrogen_ to prove his theory. 12. The dual wave-particle nature of electrons describes how the electrons in atoms can behave as _waves_ and _particles_. Section III - Electrons 1 ...
... 10. When an electron moves from the ground state to the excited state, energy is _absorbed_. 11. Bohr chose the element _hydrogen_ to prove his theory. 12. The dual wave-particle nature of electrons describes how the electrons in atoms can behave as _waves_ and _particles_. Section III - Electrons 1 ...
Chemistry SOL Review
... – …between 0 and 0.4, the bond is nonpolar, meaning the electrons are shared equally between the two atoms – …between 0.4 and 2, the bond is polar, meaning the more electronegative element is pulling harder on the electrons – …greater than 2, the bond is ionic, meaning the more electronegative eleme ...
... – …between 0 and 0.4, the bond is nonpolar, meaning the electrons are shared equally between the two atoms – …between 0.4 and 2, the bond is polar, meaning the more electronegative element is pulling harder on the electrons – …greater than 2, the bond is ionic, meaning the more electronegative eleme ...
CHEM1611 Worksheet 2: Atomic Accountancy Model 1: Atomic
... Throughout history, the model of the atom and how/where the electrons exist and move has changed as our scientific knowledge has increased. The current model describes the motions of electrons using atomic orbitals. Orbitals gives us information about the probability of an electron being in a partic ...
... Throughout history, the model of the atom and how/where the electrons exist and move has changed as our scientific knowledge has increased. The current model describes the motions of electrons using atomic orbitals. Orbitals gives us information about the probability of an electron being in a partic ...
Chemical bond
A chemical bond is an attraction between atoms that allows the formation of chemical substances that contain two or more atoms. The bond is caused by the electrostatic force of attraction between opposite charges, either between electrons and nuclei, or as the result of a dipole attraction. The strength of chemical bonds varies considerably; there are ""strong bonds"" such as covalent or ionic bonds and ""weak bonds"" such as Dipole-dipole interaction, the London dispersion force and hydrogen bonding.Since opposite charges attract via a simple electromagnetic force, the negatively charged electrons that are orbiting the nucleus and the positively charged protons in the nucleus attract each other. An electron positioned between two nuclei will be attracted to both of them, and the nuclei will be attracted toward electrons in this position. This attraction constitutes the chemical bond. Due to the matter wave nature of electrons and their smaller mass, they must occupy a much larger amount of volume compared with the nuclei, and this volume occupied by the electrons keeps the atomic nuclei relatively far apart, as compared with the size of the nuclei themselves. This phenomenon limits the distance between nuclei and atoms in a bond.In general, strong chemical bonding is associated with the sharing or transfer of electrons between the participating atoms. The atoms in molecules, crystals, metals and diatomic gases—indeed most of the physical environment around us—are held together by chemical bonds, which dictate the structure and the bulk properties of matter.All bonds can be explained by quantum theory, but, in practice, simplification rules allow chemists to predict the strength, directionality, and polarity of bonds. The octet rule and VSEPR theory are two examples. More sophisticated theories are valence bond theory which includes orbital hybridization and resonance, and the linear combination of atomic orbitals molecular orbital method which includes ligand field theory. Electrostatics are used to describe bond polarities and the effects they have on chemical substances.