Chapter 3: Stoichiometry
... A 0.1156 g sample of a compound composed of carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen is analyzed by decomposition to yield the following: 0.1638 gram of CO2 and 0.1676 g of H2O. *The carbon in the sample was all converted to CO2 and the hydrogen is all converted to H2O. Find mass of C: 0.1638 g CO2 x 12 g C = ...
... A 0.1156 g sample of a compound composed of carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen is analyzed by decomposition to yield the following: 0.1638 gram of CO2 and 0.1676 g of H2O. *The carbon in the sample was all converted to CO2 and the hydrogen is all converted to H2O. Find mass of C: 0.1638 g CO2 x 12 g C = ...
Lecture 10
... in this class (but you can look forward to that in Chem 442) You need to know three things at this point: 1. Every allowed electron state has a unique Ψ 2. Specific Ψ’s are called orbitals 3. An orbital is NOT the same as a Bohr orbit ...
... in this class (but you can look forward to that in Chem 442) You need to know three things at this point: 1. Every allowed electron state has a unique Ψ 2. Specific Ψ’s are called orbitals 3. An orbital is NOT the same as a Bohr orbit ...
Chemistry PowerPoint
... a. The total mass of the reactants is greater than the total mass of the products b. The total mass of the reactants is less than the total mass of the products c. The total mass of the reactants equals the total mass of the products d. Mass can be created and destroyed ...
... a. The total mass of the reactants is greater than the total mass of the products b. The total mass of the reactants is less than the total mass of the products c. The total mass of the reactants equals the total mass of the products d. Mass can be created and destroyed ...
IB Definitions
... The mass number is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom The atomic number is equivalent to the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom Isotopes are atoms which have the same atomic number but different mass numbers (due to the presence of different numbers of neutro ...
... The mass number is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom The atomic number is equivalent to the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom Isotopes are atoms which have the same atomic number but different mass numbers (due to the presence of different numbers of neutro ...
Chapter 8 - Clayton State University
... In the 19th century it was discovered that electrons are given off from some metals when light is shined on the surface of the metals. Light somehow dislodges the loose electrons of metals. This phenomenon is called the photoelectric effect. Physicists tried to explain the photoelectric effect by us ...
... In the 19th century it was discovered that electrons are given off from some metals when light is shined on the surface of the metals. Light somehow dislodges the loose electrons of metals. This phenomenon is called the photoelectric effect. Physicists tried to explain the photoelectric effect by us ...
The Quantum Mechanical Model of the Atom
... • When the equation is analyzed, many solutions are found. – Each solution consists of a wave function that is characterized by a particular value of E. – A specific wave function is often called an orbital. ...
... • When the equation is analyzed, many solutions are found. – Each solution consists of a wave function that is characterized by a particular value of E. – A specific wave function is often called an orbital. ...
Covalent Bonding and Molecular Structure
... The representation of H2 shown previously where the bonding electrons are represented with a line, H3H, is the Lewis structure of H2. In a Lewis structure, bonding pairs of electrons are represented as lines connecting atom symbols, and nonbonding electrons are shown as dots (Interactive Figure 8.2. ...
... The representation of H2 shown previously where the bonding electrons are represented with a line, H3H, is the Lewis structure of H2. In a Lewis structure, bonding pairs of electrons are represented as lines connecting atom symbols, and nonbonding electrons are shown as dots (Interactive Figure 8.2. ...
practice exercise
... Solution Elements that are in the same group of the periodic table are most likely to exhibit similar chemical and physical properties. We therefore expect that Ca and Mg should be most alike because they are in the same group (2A, the alkaline earth metals). ...
... Solution Elements that are in the same group of the periodic table are most likely to exhibit similar chemical and physical properties. We therefore expect that Ca and Mg should be most alike because they are in the same group (2A, the alkaline earth metals). ...
Electrons
... Its energy has to be equal to the energy difference between the two levels. Photons of any other energy are not absorbed. What goes up must come down. Energy absorbed must eventually be emitted ...
... Its energy has to be equal to the energy difference between the two levels. Photons of any other energy are not absorbed. What goes up must come down. Energy absorbed must eventually be emitted ...
Inorganic Chemistry 412 / 512
... CF4, SiF4, and GeF4 are all gasses at STP. On the other hand, SnF4 is a refractory solid stable up to about 600 C. Explain. [8 pts] Sn and Pb tetrafluorides have Oh coordination about the metal ions, rather than tetrahedral. This is part of a general trend where larger congeners in the p-block often ...
... CF4, SiF4, and GeF4 are all gasses at STP. On the other hand, SnF4 is a refractory solid stable up to about 600 C. Explain. [8 pts] Sn and Pb tetrafluorides have Oh coordination about the metal ions, rather than tetrahedral. This is part of a general trend where larger congeners in the p-block often ...
Chapter 5: Electrons in Atoms
... Treated hydrogen atoms electrons as a wave Applied well to other elements Led to quantum mechanical model of an atom ...
... Treated hydrogen atoms electrons as a wave Applied well to other elements Led to quantum mechanical model of an atom ...
Matter
... nanometer is one billionth of a meter. Nanotechnology has shown that the behaviors and properties of some substances at the nanoscale contradict how they behave and what their properties are at the visible scale. Many products on the market today are already benefitting from nanotechnology such as: ...
... nanometer is one billionth of a meter. Nanotechnology has shown that the behaviors and properties of some substances at the nanoscale contradict how they behave and what their properties are at the visible scale. Many products on the market today are already benefitting from nanotechnology such as: ...
Scanning Electron Microscopy / Electron Probe X
... electron of the sample. This excited electron then leaves the sample with a very small kinetic energy. Due to this low energy, only SE’s that are created near the surface can exit the sample and can be detected. Any variation in topography of the surface will change the yield of SE’s. This yield dep ...
... electron of the sample. This excited electron then leaves the sample with a very small kinetic energy. Due to this low energy, only SE’s that are created near the surface can exit the sample and can be detected. Any variation in topography of the surface will change the yield of SE’s. This yield dep ...
Final Exam Review
... acid. heat of solution, H, has these units: kcal per mole. Convert cal to kcal and plug in your data.] (Ch. 10) a. –1.78 kcal/mole d. –17. 8 kcal/mole b. –8.9 kcal/mole e. –17,800 kcal/mole c. –9.81 kcal/mole 32. An isotope of krypton, 89Kr, has a half-life of 3.2 minutes. If the original sample wa ...
... acid. heat of solution, H, has these units: kcal per mole. Convert cal to kcal and plug in your data.] (Ch. 10) a. –1.78 kcal/mole d. –17. 8 kcal/mole b. –8.9 kcal/mole e. –17,800 kcal/mole c. –9.81 kcal/mole 32. An isotope of krypton, 89Kr, has a half-life of 3.2 minutes. If the original sample wa ...
AP CHEMISTRY SUMMER ASSIGNMENT
... Because most elements have isotopes, the atomic weights that are reported on the Periodic Table are actually weighted averages of all of the known isotopes of an element. They are considered weighted averages because they take into account the amount of that isotope that would be found in nature. Ex ...
... Because most elements have isotopes, the atomic weights that are reported on the Periodic Table are actually weighted averages of all of the known isotopes of an element. They are considered weighted averages because they take into account the amount of that isotope that would be found in nature. Ex ...
atomic history
... 1) Matter is composed of small indivisible particles called atoms 2) An element is composed entirely of one type of atom. The properties of all atoms of one element are identical and are different from those of any other element. 3) Atoms of different elements can physically mix together or chemical ...
... 1) Matter is composed of small indivisible particles called atoms 2) An element is composed entirely of one type of atom. The properties of all atoms of one element are identical and are different from those of any other element. 3) Atoms of different elements can physically mix together or chemical ...
Zumdahl`s Chap. 4 - The University of Texas at Dallas
... Use moles divided by Final Volume to get concentration of leftovers. ...
... Use moles divided by Final Volume to get concentration of leftovers. ...
Lecture 15: Bohr Model of the Atom
... • Atoms were known in the late 19th century to be composed of negatively charged electrons and positively charged protons. But how these particles were arranged in the atom was not understood. • By the early 20th century, experiments showed that the protons were located within a very small volum ...
... • Atoms were known in the late 19th century to be composed of negatively charged electrons and positively charged protons. But how these particles were arranged in the atom was not understood. • By the early 20th century, experiments showed that the protons were located within a very small volum ...
Powerpoint file - Department of Physics
... distance separating the atoms. In this case, the wave nature of atoms cannot be noticed, and they behave as particles. The wave nature of atoms become noticeable when the de Broglie wavelength is roughly the same as the atomic distance. This happens when the temperature is low enough, so that th ...
... distance separating the atoms. In this case, the wave nature of atoms cannot be noticed, and they behave as particles. The wave nature of atoms become noticeable when the de Broglie wavelength is roughly the same as the atomic distance. This happens when the temperature is low enough, so that th ...
Polyatomic Ions (Memorize for Wednesday, January 31
... Oxidation Numbers (similar to valence electrons) Group 1 = +1 Group 2 = +2 Groups 13-18 = group # - 10 for most elements d-block elements must be looked up (groups 3-12 use roman numerals) oxidation numbers for ALL compounds MUST equal zero Metal-Non-metal (binary ionic compounds, only 2 elements) M ...
... Oxidation Numbers (similar to valence electrons) Group 1 = +1 Group 2 = +2 Groups 13-18 = group # - 10 for most elements d-block elements must be looked up (groups 3-12 use roman numerals) oxidation numbers for ALL compounds MUST equal zero Metal-Non-metal (binary ionic compounds, only 2 elements) M ...
Chemical bond
A chemical bond is an attraction between atoms that allows the formation of chemical substances that contain two or more atoms. The bond is caused by the electrostatic force of attraction between opposite charges, either between electrons and nuclei, or as the result of a dipole attraction. The strength of chemical bonds varies considerably; there are ""strong bonds"" such as covalent or ionic bonds and ""weak bonds"" such as Dipole-dipole interaction, the London dispersion force and hydrogen bonding.Since opposite charges attract via a simple electromagnetic force, the negatively charged electrons that are orbiting the nucleus and the positively charged protons in the nucleus attract each other. An electron positioned between two nuclei will be attracted to both of them, and the nuclei will be attracted toward electrons in this position. This attraction constitutes the chemical bond. Due to the matter wave nature of electrons and their smaller mass, they must occupy a much larger amount of volume compared with the nuclei, and this volume occupied by the electrons keeps the atomic nuclei relatively far apart, as compared with the size of the nuclei themselves. This phenomenon limits the distance between nuclei and atoms in a bond.In general, strong chemical bonding is associated with the sharing or transfer of electrons between the participating atoms. The atoms in molecules, crystals, metals and diatomic gases—indeed most of the physical environment around us—are held together by chemical bonds, which dictate the structure and the bulk properties of matter.All bonds can be explained by quantum theory, but, in practice, simplification rules allow chemists to predict the strength, directionality, and polarity of bonds. The octet rule and VSEPR theory are two examples. More sophisticated theories are valence bond theory which includes orbital hybridization and resonance, and the linear combination of atomic orbitals molecular orbital method which includes ligand field theory. Electrostatics are used to describe bond polarities and the effects they have on chemical substances.