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Chemical Reactions
Chemical Reactions

4U Chemistry Practice Exam - Coristines
4U Chemistry Practice Exam - Coristines

... c. The system will attain equilibrium by moving to the right. d. The system will attain equilibrium by moving to the left. e. More information is needed to determine which statement is correct. Use Le Châtelier’s principle to predict what will happen to the following equilibrium if the pressure is d ...
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Copy of Acids, bases, salts answer key

... Arhhenius’ theory became quite popular and was widely accepted yet it had the following limitations:  This theory was applicable only to aqueous solutions.  Substances like Ammonia (NH3) do not contain hydroxide (OH) ion, even then its aqueous solution acts as a base. The theory could not explain ...
Redox Reactions C12-1-10
Redox Reactions C12-1-10

ExamView - 1999 AP Chemistry Exam.tst
ExamView - 1999 AP Chemistry Exam.tst

Test-tube Reactions - University of Manitoba
Test-tube Reactions - University of Manitoba

... electrons are partially transferred from hydrogen to oxygen. Oxygen is a more electronegative element than hydrogen. The electron pair in the covalent bond is shifted toward oxygen resulting in a partial negative charge on oxygen and partial positive charge on hydrogen. Both reactions above are exam ...
Normality Primer
Normality Primer

Chemistry
Chemistry

... of thermochemistry, mainly enthalpy changes (∆H). The chemical kinetics facet of a reaction can be understood quantitatively by relating the rate of reaction to concentration of reactants. The qualitative aspect which deals with the factors affecting rate of reactions will be covered based on the co ...
Chemistry
Chemistry

... Galvanic cells : Electrode potential , half cell concept, standard electrode potential, galvanic cell, Daniell cell, cell potential, EMF (emf), E0 = E0R E0L . Measurement of electrode potential – SHE - diagram, half cell representation, half cell reaction, E0 taken as 0.0 V (at all temperatures). Me ...
Chapter 14 Acids and Bases
Chapter 14 Acids and Bases

... The difference between dissociation and ionisation • Dissociation refers to a reaction where a molecule or substance breaks apart into smaller units. • The units are not necessarily ions, although this is often the case. • Ionization generally refers to a reaction which forms ions from an uncharged ...
Part II - American Chemical Society
Part II - American Chemical Society

AP Chemistry
AP Chemistry

Chemistry HSC - The Bored of Studies Community
Chemistry HSC - The Bored of Studies Community

... and can be synthesised from many different hydrocarbons. Three ways: 1. Thermal cracking – requires very high temps and generally not used. End products hard to control since many places where bonds could break, early method. Accelerates reaction and drives equilibrium to reactants. 2. Catalytic cra ...
Chemistry (English) Grade 11 and 12
Chemistry (English) Grade 11 and 12

... line. The meaning of a positive slope is that the values on the y axis are increasing together with an increase in the values on the x-axis. Now analyze the question - that means make sure you understand what is actually being asked. Let us analyze the first question ((a)). (Make sure you know what ...
Balancing Reaction Equations Oxidation State Reduction
Balancing Reaction Equations Oxidation State Reduction

Calculations Booklet
Calculations Booklet

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Hydrogen dissociation under equilibrium and non

... things are not going according to the plan, and for making D3 a fun place to be! Sondre, thanks for the continuous simulation support. Family and friends, thanks for all the fun and support these years. Odne, you always make me smile and reminds me of what is important. You really are the ...
chemistry intermediate may 2010 marking scheme
chemistry intermediate may 2010 marking scheme

... dilute sulfuric acid but dissolves easily in concentrated nitric acid to form a blue solution containing the substance D. When a few drops of ammonia solution are added to the solution of D a pale blue precipitate E forms; this precipitate dissolves when more aqueous ammonia is added to form a solut ...
Review #7: Solutions, Acids and Bases 1. Definitions: a) Solution: a
Review #7: Solutions, Acids and Bases 1. Definitions: a) Solution: a

... volume at that temperature. If a seed crystal is added to an unsaturated solution, it will dissolve. o) Saturated: a solution that contains the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in that volume at that temperature. If a seed crystal is added to a saturated solution, it will just sink to the ...
Chapter 4 Chemical Quantities and Aqueous Reactions
Chapter 4 Chemical Quantities and Aqueous Reactions

AP Chemistry Notes and Worksheets 2014
AP Chemistry Notes and Worksheets 2014

Chemical Reactivities: Fundamental and Nuclear Reactions
Chemical Reactivities: Fundamental and Nuclear Reactions

... Our first example is Mg + O2  MgO. On the left side of the reaction, both elements have an individual charge of zero. On the right side, the Mg has an effective charge of +2 (it's in group II) and oxygen an effective charge of -2 (it's in group VI). The charges balance out. The drawback is that the ...
Pirogov National Medical Univercity of Vinnitsa
Pirogov National Medical Univercity of Vinnitsa

... - solid reagents are selected carefully with a spatula; liquid reagents, which are in the droppers, measure drops; - the excess reagent does not spill and poured into dishes, from which it was taken to prevent contamination of reagents - concentrated solutions of acids and alkalis, toxic substances ...
Redox I
Redox I

... If the redox reaction takes place in BASIC solution, use steps 1-6 (as before) to balance the equation as if it took place in acidic solution. Then perform one more step: Step 7. (ONLY for redox reactions taking place in basic solution!) Add OH- to BOTH sides of the equation to cancel all of the H+, ...
Chemical Kinetics Mac 2011
Chemical Kinetics Mac 2011

... Effect of temperature • Chemical reactions tend to go faster at higher temperature.  slow down some reactions by lowering the temperature. • Increasing the temperature increases the fraction of the molecules that have energies in excess of the activation energy.  this factor is so important that f ...
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Chemical equilibrium



In a chemical reaction, chemical equilibrium is the state in which both reactants and products are present in concentrations which have no further tendency to change with time. Usually, this state results when the forward reaction proceeds at the same rate as the reverse reaction. The reaction rates of the forward and backward reactions are generally not zero, but equal. Thus, there are no net changes in the concentrations of the reactant(s) and product(s). Such a state is known as dynamic equilibrium.
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