General and Organic Chemistry Review Primer
... which can be described as physical substances that occupy space and have mass, is composed of various combinations of the chemical elements. Each chemical element is a pure substance that is composed of one type of atom. About 98 of the 118 known elements occur on earth and an even smaller number oc ...
... which can be described as physical substances that occupy space and have mass, is composed of various combinations of the chemical elements. Each chemical element is a pure substance that is composed of one type of atom. About 98 of the 118 known elements occur on earth and an even smaller number oc ...
Redox I
... Mg got oxidized. Fe2+ was the oxidizing agent. •Fe goes from an ion to an element: Fe2+ Fe Fe2+ got reduced. Mg was the reducing agent. ...
... Mg got oxidized. Fe2+ was the oxidizing agent. •Fe goes from an ion to an element: Fe2+ Fe Fe2+ got reduced. Mg was the reducing agent. ...
COUNTING ATOMS
... number of each atom present. B. A representation of a chemical reaction expressed as a formula. C. Substances that change in a reaction. D. The new substances that are formed as a result of the reaction. ...
... number of each atom present. B. A representation of a chemical reaction expressed as a formula. C. Substances that change in a reaction. D. The new substances that are formed as a result of the reaction. ...
![Neutral ionic liquid [BMIm]BF4 promoted highly selective](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/017897985_1-047f9869d5604c115b21339541ccfffe-300x300.png)
2. The Magic of Chemical Reactions
... An electric bulb has a filament made of element called ------. The yellow oily leftover stains turn red / orange because of ------. Chemical reaction involves breaking and making of the bonds between the atoms to produce ------ ------. The chemical reaction during which H2(g) is lost is termed as -- ...
... An electric bulb has a filament made of element called ------. The yellow oily leftover stains turn red / orange because of ------. Chemical reaction involves breaking and making of the bonds between the atoms to produce ------ ------. The chemical reaction during which H2(g) is lost is termed as -- ...
PDF document
... amino acids upon the reaction rate were studied in order to assess the selectivity of the method. The results are validated statistically and through recovery studies. The point hypothesis test have been performed which indicate that there is no significant difference between the proposed method and ...
... amino acids upon the reaction rate were studied in order to assess the selectivity of the method. The results are validated statistically and through recovery studies. The point hypothesis test have been performed which indicate that there is no significant difference between the proposed method and ...
Part II
... Stable Molecules versus “Free Radicals” Free radicals – have unpaired electron(s). Atmospheric lifetimes seconds, minutes. e.g., •O-H radical, missing one bond (H), wants to steal one from somewhere. Similar story for •CH3 radical, missing one bond. Or the HO2 radical, H-O-O• These free radicals are ...
... Stable Molecules versus “Free Radicals” Free radicals – have unpaired electron(s). Atmospheric lifetimes seconds, minutes. e.g., •O-H radical, missing one bond (H), wants to steal one from somewhere. Similar story for •CH3 radical, missing one bond. Or the HO2 radical, H-O-O• These free radicals are ...
1. Select the correct statement about subatomic particles. a
... 93. When two substances react to form products, the reactant, which is used up is called the _______. a. determining reagent d. catalytic reagent b. limiting reagent e. reactive reagent c. excess reagent 94. When an equation is used to calculate the amount of product that will form during a reaction ...
... 93. When two substances react to form products, the reactant, which is used up is called the _______. a. determining reagent d. catalytic reagent b. limiting reagent e. reactive reagent c. excess reagent 94. When an equation is used to calculate the amount of product that will form during a reaction ...
Semester 1 exam review
... 3. In your experiment above what is your control group? 4. In your experiment above, what is your dependent and independent variable? 5. What is the function of a control group? 6. Why is the metric system is better than the standard system. 7. I have 2 hairs stacked on top of each other to be used ...
... 3. In your experiment above what is your control group? 4. In your experiment above, what is your dependent and independent variable? 5. What is the function of a control group? 6. Why is the metric system is better than the standard system. 7. I have 2 hairs stacked on top of each other to be used ...
Aqueous Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry (Chapter 4)
... by the addition of a standard solution (a solution with a known concentration) until the equivalence point is reached. The equivalence point is reached when stoichiometrically equal amounts of each reactant have been added to the solution. In most titrations, if a suitable indicator (a substance tha ...
... by the addition of a standard solution (a solution with a known concentration) until the equivalence point is reached. The equivalence point is reached when stoichiometrically equal amounts of each reactant have been added to the solution. In most titrations, if a suitable indicator (a substance tha ...
CHAPTER 9
... (1) Replacement reactions and addition reactions are two terms which describe the same type of reaction. (2) Orientation relative to one another, at the moment of collision, is always a factor in determining whether a collision is effective. (3) An increase in temperature will always cause an endoth ...
... (1) Replacement reactions and addition reactions are two terms which describe the same type of reaction. (2) Orientation relative to one another, at the moment of collision, is always a factor in determining whether a collision is effective. (3) An increase in temperature will always cause an endoth ...
Briefing Session on 2012 HKDSE Examination (December 2012)
... In an experiment, 25.0 cm3 of 0.010 M Fe2(SO4)3(aq) and 25.0 cm3 of 0.01 M KSCN(aq) were mixed in a conical flask at room temperature, and equilibrium was attained. The concentration of Fe(SCN)2+(aq) in the mixture was 0.0043 M when equilibrium was attained. Calculate the equilibrium constant Kc ...
... In an experiment, 25.0 cm3 of 0.010 M Fe2(SO4)3(aq) and 25.0 cm3 of 0.01 M KSCN(aq) were mixed in a conical flask at room temperature, and equilibrium was attained. The concentration of Fe(SCN)2+(aq) in the mixture was 0.0043 M when equilibrium was attained. Calculate the equilibrium constant Kc ...
Answers - U of L Class Index
... Read the exam carefully before beginning. There are 21 questions on pages 2 to 14 followed by 2 pages of “Data Sheet” (including periodic table) and a blank page for any rough work. Please ensure that you have a complete exam. If not, let an invigilator know immediately. All pages must be submitted ...
... Read the exam carefully before beginning. There are 21 questions on pages 2 to 14 followed by 2 pages of “Data Sheet” (including periodic table) and a blank page for any rough work. Please ensure that you have a complete exam. If not, let an invigilator know immediately. All pages must be submitted ...
CHAPTER 4 | Solution Chemistry and the Hydrosphere
... Remember to compute total charge on each side of the arrow. The charge of 2 mol of H + is 2+ not 1+. 4.98. Collect and Organize To write the balanced half-reaction, we have to identify the reactants and products, balance the atoms, and then balance the charge for the equation. Analyze We are given t ...
... Remember to compute total charge on each side of the arrow. The charge of 2 mol of H + is 2+ not 1+. 4.98. Collect and Organize To write the balanced half-reaction, we have to identify the reactants and products, balance the atoms, and then balance the charge for the equation. Analyze We are given t ...
W2(SO4)3 + Mg3(PO4)2 --------> WPO4 + MgSO4
... the quantities of reactants and products in a chemical process. The key to stoichiometry is the mole ratio, the balanced coefficients in front of each product and reactant in a given reaction. For each of the examples, remember the following steps: 1. Each reaction must be balanced!!! (most importan ...
... the quantities of reactants and products in a chemical process. The key to stoichiometry is the mole ratio, the balanced coefficients in front of each product and reactant in a given reaction. For each of the examples, remember the following steps: 1. Each reaction must be balanced!!! (most importan ...
Chemistry 2008–2012 Written examination – November Examination Specifications
... Ethanol is not the only alcohol gaining in popularity as a fuel. Methanol, CH3OH, is also the subject of considerable research; especially for use in fuel cells. The commercial production of methanol, however, is quite different to that of ethanol and involves a two step process. Step 1 Production o ...
... Ethanol is not the only alcohol gaining in popularity as a fuel. Methanol, CH3OH, is also the subject of considerable research; especially for use in fuel cells. The commercial production of methanol, however, is quite different to that of ethanol and involves a two step process. Step 1 Production o ...
New Title
... 6. What do you read the arrow in a chemical equation as meaning? 7. Label each formula in the chemical equation below as either a reactant or a product. ...
... 6. What do you read the arrow in a chemical equation as meaning? 7. Label each formula in the chemical equation below as either a reactant or a product. ...
Lewis acid catalysis
In Lewis acid catalysis of organic reactions, a metal-based Lewis acid acts as an electron pair acceptor to increase the reactivity of a substrate. Common Lewis acid catalysts are based on main group metals such as aluminum, boron, silicon, and tin, as well as many early (titanium, zirconium) and late (iron, copper, zinc) d-block metals. The metal atom forms an adduct with a lone-pair bearing electronegative atom in the substrate, such as oxygen (both sp2 or sp3), nitrogen, sulfur, and halogens. The complexation has partial charge-transfer character and makes the lone-pair donor effectively more electronegative, activating the substrate toward nucleophilic attack, heterolytic bond cleavage, or cycloaddition with 1,3-dienes and 1,3-dipoles.Many classical reactions involving carbon–carbon or carbon–heteroatom bond formation can be catalyzed by Lewis acids. Examples include the Friedel-Crafts reaction, the aldol reaction, and various pericyclic processes that proceed slowly at room temperature, such as the Diels-Alder reaction and the ene reaction. In addition to accelerating the reactions, Lewis acid catalysts are able to impose regioselectivity and stereoselectivity in many cases.Early developments in Lewis acid reagents focused on easily available compounds such as TiCl4, BF3, SnCl4, and AlCl3. The relative strengths of these (and other) Lewis acids may be estimated from NMR spectroscopy by the Childs method or the Gutmann-Beckett method. Over the years, versatile catalysts bearing ligands designed for specific applications have facilitated improvement in both reactivity and selectivity of Lewis acid-catalyzed reactions. More recently, Lewis acid catalysts with chiral ligands have become an important class of tools for asymmetric catalysis.Challenges in the development of Lewis acid catalysis include inefficient catalyst turnover (caused by catalyst affinity for the product) and the frequent requirement of two-point binding for stereoselectivity, which often necessitates the use of auxiliary groups.