Chemistry Exam 2 Specifications and Sample Exam
... Ethanol is not the only alcohol gaining in popularity as a fuel. Methanol, CH3OH, is also the subject of considerable research; especially for use in fuel cells. The commercial production of methanol, however, is quite different to that of ethanol and involves a two step process. Step 1 Production o ...
... Ethanol is not the only alcohol gaining in popularity as a fuel. Methanol, CH3OH, is also the subject of considerable research; especially for use in fuel cells. The commercial production of methanol, however, is quite different to that of ethanol and involves a two step process. Step 1 Production o ...
advanced chemistry may 2011 marking scheme
... (ii) State and explain what is expected to happen to the emf of the cell when excess aqueous ammonia is added to the solution in the copper electrode. The [Cu2+] is reduced as tetraamminecopper(II) ions form. By Le Chatelier’s principle, equilibrium shifts to the left to produce more copper(II) and ...
... (ii) State and explain what is expected to happen to the emf of the cell when excess aqueous ammonia is added to the solution in the copper electrode. The [Cu2+] is reduced as tetraamminecopper(II) ions form. By Le Chatelier’s principle, equilibrium shifts to the left to produce more copper(II) and ...
SAT - mvhs-fuhsd.org
... • The number of unpaired valence electrons in a nonmetal tells you how many covalent bonds that atom can form with other nonmetals or how many electrons it wants to gain from metals to form an ion. • The number of valence electrons in a metal tells you how many electrons the metal will lose to nonme ...
... • The number of unpaired valence electrons in a nonmetal tells you how many covalent bonds that atom can form with other nonmetals or how many electrons it wants to gain from metals to form an ion. • The number of valence electrons in a metal tells you how many electrons the metal will lose to nonme ...
Chapter_4_Reactions_in_Aqueous_Solution
... Write molecular, ionic, and net ionic equations for each of the following acid-base reactions: (a) hydrobromic acid(aq) + barium hydroxide(aq) (b) sulfuric acid(aq) + potassium hydroxide(aq) ...
... Write molecular, ionic, and net ionic equations for each of the following acid-base reactions: (a) hydrobromic acid(aq) + barium hydroxide(aq) (b) sulfuric acid(aq) + potassium hydroxide(aq) ...
Chemistry 30 - SharpSchool
... blood gases in scuba diving CO2 in carbonated beverages buffers in our blood ...
... blood gases in scuba diving CO2 in carbonated beverages buffers in our blood ...
Enzymes: “Helper” Protein molecules
... Each enzyme is the specific helper to a specific reaction each enzyme needs to be the right shape for the job enzymes are named for the reaction they help ...
... Each enzyme is the specific helper to a specific reaction each enzyme needs to be the right shape for the job enzymes are named for the reaction they help ...
Chemical bonding
... Guidelines for Lewis Structures • The lesser amount of an element gets placed in the middle of the molecule (everything bonds to it) • Hydrogen NEVER gets placed in the middle ...
... Guidelines for Lewis Structures • The lesser amount of an element gets placed in the middle of the molecule (everything bonds to it) • Hydrogen NEVER gets placed in the middle ...
Effect Of Convection For Gaseous Hydrochloride
... - Conversion XZn of zinc is percentage of zinc converse to the soluble form. - Conversion XFe of iron is percentage of iron converse to thesoluble form. - Conversion XHCl is percentage of hydrogen chloride neutralized in the dust bed. In a first set of experiments, HCl gas was introduced to the fixe ...
... - Conversion XZn of zinc is percentage of zinc converse to the soluble form. - Conversion XFe of iron is percentage of iron converse to thesoluble form. - Conversion XHCl is percentage of hydrogen chloride neutralized in the dust bed. In a first set of experiments, HCl gas was introduced to the fixe ...
LESSON 23: Exploding Bags
... Modifications and extensions provide alternative methods for performing the lesson or similar lessons. They also introduce ways to expand on the content topics presented and think beyond those topics. Use the following examples, or have a discussion to generate other ideas as a class. • Ask the stud ...
... Modifications and extensions provide alternative methods for performing the lesson or similar lessons. They also introduce ways to expand on the content topics presented and think beyond those topics. Use the following examples, or have a discussion to generate other ideas as a class. • Ask the stud ...
Chapter 13 Organic Chemistry
... explain the mechanism for the reaction of a hydrogen halide and an alkene; ...
... explain the mechanism for the reaction of a hydrogen halide and an alkene; ...
E2 and E11 Acid Deposition Past Paper Questions
... (1) neutralization reaction produces an ammonium salt: 2 NH3 + H2SO4 (NH4)2SO4 OR 2 NH3 + H2SO3 (NH4)2SO3 OR 2 NH3 + HNO3 NH4NO3 ...
... (1) neutralization reaction produces an ammonium salt: 2 NH3 + H2SO4 (NH4)2SO4 OR 2 NH3 + H2SO3 (NH4)2SO3 OR 2 NH3 + HNO3 NH4NO3 ...
Prelab Assignment: The lodination of Acetone
... essentially instantaneous; the precipitation of silver chloride when solutions containing silver ions and chloride ions are mixed and the formation of water when acidic and basic solutions are mixed are examples of extremely rapid reactions. In this experiment we will study a reaction that, in the v ...
... essentially instantaneous; the precipitation of silver chloride when solutions containing silver ions and chloride ions are mixed and the formation of water when acidic and basic solutions are mixed are examples of extremely rapid reactions. In this experiment we will study a reaction that, in the v ...
The decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to form water and oxygen
... and inverted several times. The I- ion reacts with I2 to form the I3- ion, a linear species. ...
... and inverted several times. The I- ion reacts with I2 to form the I3- ion, a linear species. ...
1999 Advanced Placement Chemistry Exam
... Select the one lettered choice that best fits each statement and then fill in the corresponding oval on the answer sheet. A choice may be used once, more than once, or not at all in each set. Questions 1–4 refer to the following types of energy. (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) ...
... Select the one lettered choice that best fits each statement and then fill in the corresponding oval on the answer sheet. A choice may be used once, more than once, or not at all in each set. Questions 1–4 refer to the following types of energy. (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) ...
AP `99 Multiple Choice
... Select the one lettered choice that best fits each statement and then fill in the corresponding oval on the answer sheet. A choice may be used once, more than once, or not at all in each set. Questions 1–4 refer to the following types of energy. (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) ...
... Select the one lettered choice that best fits each statement and then fill in the corresponding oval on the answer sheet. A choice may be used once, more than once, or not at all in each set. Questions 1–4 refer to the following types of energy. (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) ...
1 - Study Hungary
... 20 protons, 19 neutrons, 19 electrons 19 protons, 20 neutrons, 18 electrons 39 protons, 19 neutrons, 38 electrons 20 protons, 19 neutrons, 20 electrons 40 protons, 20 neutrons, 19 electrons ...
... 20 protons, 19 neutrons, 19 electrons 19 protons, 20 neutrons, 18 electrons 39 protons, 19 neutrons, 38 electrons 20 protons, 19 neutrons, 20 electrons 40 protons, 20 neutrons, 19 electrons ...
Exam - Vcaa
... D. greater than 25.00 mL if the titration flask had been rinsed with the acid prior to the addition of the aliquot. Question 4 In volumetric analysis, the properties of the reactants, as well as the nature of the reaction between them, will determine if a back titration is to be used. Consider the f ...
... D. greater than 25.00 mL if the titration flask had been rinsed with the acid prior to the addition of the aliquot. Question 4 In volumetric analysis, the properties of the reactants, as well as the nature of the reaction between them, will determine if a back titration is to be used. Consider the f ...
Contents and Concepts
... 1. When is a large negative number (more negative than about – 10 kJ), the reaction is spontaneous as written, and reactants transform almost entirely into products when equilibrium is reached. 2. When ∆Go is a large positive number (more positive than about + 10 kJ), the reaction is not spontaneous ...
... 1. When is a large negative number (more negative than about – 10 kJ), the reaction is spontaneous as written, and reactants transform almost entirely into products when equilibrium is reached. 2. When ∆Go is a large positive number (more positive than about + 10 kJ), the reaction is not spontaneous ...
Differential Equations of Gas-Phase Chemical Kinetics
... at constant pressure or constant volume (density) without mass and heat transfer. The solver is a FORTRAN program based on the RADAU5 subroutines [2]. The necessary information on thermodynamics and reactions is provided for the solver directly from the databases under consideration. The solver outp ...
... at constant pressure or constant volume (density) without mass and heat transfer. The solver is a FORTRAN program based on the RADAU5 subroutines [2]. The necessary information on thermodynamics and reactions is provided for the solver directly from the databases under consideration. The solver outp ...
Microbial Biogeochemistry
... • Methanotrophs: CH4 + O2 CO2 + 2H2O (chemoorganoheterotrophs) • Example, Ralstonia sp., Pseudomonas sp. Anaerobic Environment Fermentors (chemoorganoheterotrophs) • Break down cellulose, etc. and ferment sugars into: • alcohols acetate • organic acids hydrogen • Many bacterial groups can conduct ...
... • Methanotrophs: CH4 + O2 CO2 + 2H2O (chemoorganoheterotrophs) • Example, Ralstonia sp., Pseudomonas sp. Anaerobic Environment Fermentors (chemoorganoheterotrophs) • Break down cellulose, etc. and ferment sugars into: • alcohols acetate • organic acids hydrogen • Many bacterial groups can conduct ...
Lewis acid catalysis
In Lewis acid catalysis of organic reactions, a metal-based Lewis acid acts as an electron pair acceptor to increase the reactivity of a substrate. Common Lewis acid catalysts are based on main group metals such as aluminum, boron, silicon, and tin, as well as many early (titanium, zirconium) and late (iron, copper, zinc) d-block metals. The metal atom forms an adduct with a lone-pair bearing electronegative atom in the substrate, such as oxygen (both sp2 or sp3), nitrogen, sulfur, and halogens. The complexation has partial charge-transfer character and makes the lone-pair donor effectively more electronegative, activating the substrate toward nucleophilic attack, heterolytic bond cleavage, or cycloaddition with 1,3-dienes and 1,3-dipoles.Many classical reactions involving carbon–carbon or carbon–heteroatom bond formation can be catalyzed by Lewis acids. Examples include the Friedel-Crafts reaction, the aldol reaction, and various pericyclic processes that proceed slowly at room temperature, such as the Diels-Alder reaction and the ene reaction. In addition to accelerating the reactions, Lewis acid catalysts are able to impose regioselectivity and stereoselectivity in many cases.Early developments in Lewis acid reagents focused on easily available compounds such as TiCl4, BF3, SnCl4, and AlCl3. The relative strengths of these (and other) Lewis acids may be estimated from NMR spectroscopy by the Childs method or the Gutmann-Beckett method. Over the years, versatile catalysts bearing ligands designed for specific applications have facilitated improvement in both reactivity and selectivity of Lewis acid-catalyzed reactions. More recently, Lewis acid catalysts with chiral ligands have become an important class of tools for asymmetric catalysis.Challenges in the development of Lewis acid catalysis include inefficient catalyst turnover (caused by catalyst affinity for the product) and the frequent requirement of two-point binding for stereoselectivity, which often necessitates the use of auxiliary groups.