File - Chem with Appleby
... As you can see, the ratio of ________________ to ___________ remains constant at this temperature no matter what the initial concentrations of NO2 and N2O4 are. ...
... As you can see, the ratio of ________________ to ___________ remains constant at this temperature no matter what the initial concentrations of NO2 and N2O4 are. ...
Transition Metals
... Step 1 4Mn2+ + MnO4- + 8 H+ 5Mn3+ + 4 H2O Step 2 2Mn3+ + C2O42- 2Mn2+ + 2 CO2 The initial uncatalysed reaction is slow because the reaction needs a collision between two negative ions which repel each other leading to a high activation energy As the Mn2+ ions are produced act as an autocatalyst ...
... Step 1 4Mn2+ + MnO4- + 8 H+ 5Mn3+ + 4 H2O Step 2 2Mn3+ + C2O42- 2Mn2+ + 2 CO2 The initial uncatalysed reaction is slow because the reaction needs a collision between two negative ions which repel each other leading to a high activation energy As the Mn2+ ions are produced act as an autocatalyst ...
the chemistry of life: organic and biological chemistry
... The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry Although biological systems are almost unimaginably complex, they are nevertheless constructed of molecules of quite modest size, put together in nature to form a host of complex, interacting structures. The example of phenylalanine and PKU ill ...
... The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry Although biological systems are almost unimaginably complex, they are nevertheless constructed of molecules of quite modest size, put together in nature to form a host of complex, interacting structures. The example of phenylalanine and PKU ill ...
Chemistry
... bonding. The Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) model is used to visualise the threedimensional structure of molecules, which determines the type of interactions possible and also helps to explain the physical and chemical properties. Knowledge of structure and bonding is also important t ...
... bonding. The Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) model is used to visualise the threedimensional structure of molecules, which determines the type of interactions possible and also helps to explain the physical and chemical properties. Knowledge of structure and bonding is also important t ...
NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL CHEMISTRY EXAMINATION (1995
... possible danger to the earth's ozone layer. Discuss the problem of the ozone layer: where is it found, how is it formed, why is it important, and what is the nature of the danger? ...
... possible danger to the earth's ozone layer. Discuss the problem of the ozone layer: where is it found, how is it formed, why is it important, and what is the nature of the danger? ...
Unit3_Notes - Lesmahagow High School
... Crude oil is a raw material from which naphtha is obtained by fractional distillation. Naphtha is a feedstock that can be cracked to produce ethene. Batch and Continuous Processes In a batch process the chemicals are loaded into the reaction vessel. The reaction is monitored and at the end of the re ...
... Crude oil is a raw material from which naphtha is obtained by fractional distillation. Naphtha is a feedstock that can be cracked to produce ethene. Batch and Continuous Processes In a batch process the chemicals are loaded into the reaction vessel. The reaction is monitored and at the end of the re ...
Chapter 20
... Silver nitrate reacts with copper to form copper nitrate and silver. From the equation below, determine what is oxidized and what is reduced. Identify the oxidizing agent and the reducing agent. ...
... Silver nitrate reacts with copper to form copper nitrate and silver. From the equation below, determine what is oxidized and what is reduced. Identify the oxidizing agent and the reducing agent. ...
Gas phase chemistry of neutral metal clusters
... Kappes and Staley’s experimental investigation of CO oxidation by N2 O catalyzed by isolated FeO+ (or Fe+ ) in 1981 started the study of gas phase molecular heterogeneous catalysis [41]. After more than two decades, many examples of catalytic cycles facilitated by metal atoms [42–45], metal clusters ...
... Kappes and Staley’s experimental investigation of CO oxidation by N2 O catalyzed by isolated FeO+ (or Fe+ ) in 1981 started the study of gas phase molecular heterogeneous catalysis [41]. After more than two decades, many examples of catalytic cycles facilitated by metal atoms [42–45], metal clusters ...
Sample Chapter - Chapter 4
... attraction between them. To see how it does this, let’s examine the water molecule closely. Water’s power as an ionizing solvent results from two features of the water molecule: the distribution of its bonding electrons and its overall shape. Recall from Section 2.7 that the electrons in a covalent ...
... attraction between them. To see how it does this, let’s examine the water molecule closely. Water’s power as an ionizing solvent results from two features of the water molecule: the distribution of its bonding electrons and its overall shape. Recall from Section 2.7 that the electrons in a covalent ...
MC84 - Southchemistry.com
... 15. The silver electrode is made larger. 16. The salt bridge is replaced by a platinum wire 17. Current is allowed to flow for 5 minutes ...
... 15. The silver electrode is made larger. 16. The salt bridge is replaced by a platinum wire 17. Current is allowed to flow for 5 minutes ...
AP CHEMISTRY – Source: 1999 AP Exam CHAPTER 8 PRACTICE
... gold atoms were bombarded with alpha particles? (A) Atoms have equal numbers of positive and negative charges. (B) Electrons in atoms are arranged in shells. (C) Neutrons are at the center of an atom. (D) Neutrons and protons in atoms have nearly equal mass. (E) The positive charge of an atom in con ...
... gold atoms were bombarded with alpha particles? (A) Atoms have equal numbers of positive and negative charges. (B) Electrons in atoms are arranged in shells. (C) Neutrons are at the center of an atom. (D) Neutrons and protons in atoms have nearly equal mass. (E) The positive charge of an atom in con ...
Gas-Phase Reactions of Fe (CH2O)+ and Fe (CH2S)+ with Small
... yielding a great deal of information on “intrinsic” properties, such as kinetics, thermochemistry, and reaction mechanisms in the absence of solvation and counterion effects.1 The reactions with simple hydrocarbons have been particularly important, because they are closely related to solution organo ...
... yielding a great deal of information on “intrinsic” properties, such as kinetics, thermochemistry, and reaction mechanisms in the absence of solvation and counterion effects.1 The reactions with simple hydrocarbons have been particularly important, because they are closely related to solution organo ...
Chemistry 8.2
... burning charcoal are the products of a combustion reaction. Combustion is one of the five general types of chemical reactions. If you can recognize a reaction as being a particular type, you may be able to predict the products of the reaction. ...
... burning charcoal are the products of a combustion reaction. Combustion is one of the five general types of chemical reactions. If you can recognize a reaction as being a particular type, you may be able to predict the products of the reaction. ...
Carboxypeptidase A - Chemistry Courses: About
... ~ , ~ ~ in these studies, the ion-dipole interaction is facilitated by-indeed, perhaps is only a consequence of-a chelate interaction involving the labile carbonyl and some other suitably located donor atom of the model compound. For example, Fife and Przystas recently found that such a chelate effe ...
... ~ , ~ ~ in these studies, the ion-dipole interaction is facilitated by-indeed, perhaps is only a consequence of-a chelate interaction involving the labile carbonyl and some other suitably located donor atom of the model compound. For example, Fife and Przystas recently found that such a chelate effe ...
Stoichiometry of Chemical Reactions
... of atoms on either side of the arrow and comparing these sums to ensure they are equal. Note that the number of atoms for a given element is calculated by multiplying the coefficient of any formula containing that element by the element’s subscript in the formula. If an element appears in more than ...
... of atoms on either side of the arrow and comparing these sums to ensure they are equal. Note that the number of atoms for a given element is calculated by multiplying the coefficient of any formula containing that element by the element’s subscript in the formula. If an element appears in more than ...
Stoichiometry of Chemical Reactions
... of atoms on either side of the arrow and comparing these sums to ensure they are equal. Note that the number of atoms for a given element is calculated by multiplying the coefficient of any formula containing that element by the element’s subscript in the formula. If an element appears in more than ...
... of atoms on either side of the arrow and comparing these sums to ensure they are equal. Note that the number of atoms for a given element is calculated by multiplying the coefficient of any formula containing that element by the element’s subscript in the formula. If an element appears in more than ...
Preparation and Properties of Hydrogen
... hydrogen will float. Because of the hydrogen molecule's small size, it will diffuse through many substances. Hydrogen gas is extremely flammable and will react with oxygen to form water with a release of a great deal of heat. The Hindenburg Zeppelin was destroyed in 1937 because of this reaction. He ...
... hydrogen will float. Because of the hydrogen molecule's small size, it will diffuse through many substances. Hydrogen gas is extremely flammable and will react with oxygen to form water with a release of a great deal of heat. The Hindenburg Zeppelin was destroyed in 1937 because of this reaction. He ...
Chapter 6 - Foothill College
... battery. We can vary the proportions of heat to work by changing the circuitry attached to the battery. The same amount of energy is used in both cases, but the pathway of energy use is different. ...
... battery. We can vary the proportions of heat to work by changing the circuitry attached to the battery. The same amount of energy is used in both cases, but the pathway of energy use is different. ...
Chemistry 400
... 4) Calculate the energy of the orange light emitted, per photon, by a neon sign with a frequency of 4.89 × 1014 Hz. A) 3.09 × 10-19 J B) 6.14 × 10-19 J C) 3.24 × 10-19 J D) 1.63 × 10-19 J E) 5.11 × 10-19 J 5) How many photons are contained in a flash of green light (525 nm) that contains 189 kJ of e ...
... 4) Calculate the energy of the orange light emitted, per photon, by a neon sign with a frequency of 4.89 × 1014 Hz. A) 3.09 × 10-19 J B) 6.14 × 10-19 J C) 3.24 × 10-19 J D) 1.63 × 10-19 J E) 5.11 × 10-19 J 5) How many photons are contained in a flash of green light (525 nm) that contains 189 kJ of e ...
The Major Classes of Chemical Reactions
... as oceans. And, in every cell of your body, thousands of reactions taking place right now allow you to function. Indeed, the amazing variety in nature is largely a consequence of the amazing variety of chemical reactions. Of the millions of chemical reactions occurring in and around you, we have exa ...
... as oceans. And, in every cell of your body, thousands of reactions taking place right now allow you to function. Indeed, the amazing variety in nature is largely a consequence of the amazing variety of chemical reactions. Of the millions of chemical reactions occurring in and around you, we have exa ...
At equilibrium
... equilibrium constant K (or Kp and Kc) for a chemical reaction. • Calculate the final equilibrium conditions for gas-phase reactions, and for heterogeneous reactions involving gases, from given non-equilibrium initial conditions. ...
... equilibrium constant K (or Kp and Kc) for a chemical reaction. • Calculate the final equilibrium conditions for gas-phase reactions, and for heterogeneous reactions involving gases, from given non-equilibrium initial conditions. ...
OXIDATION NUMBERS
... Work out the oxidation number of each element in the following chemical formulae ...
... Work out the oxidation number of each element in the following chemical formulae ...
Methane Activation by Transition-Metal Oxides, MOx
... To form the hydride or carbide products from the reactants, it is necessary to break a M-O π bond. Thus, the observation that D1 or D2 formation is most exothermic for MO3 is consistent with these oxides having the weakest π bonds. Also, the observation that the R-MO3 bond strength increases as the ...
... To form the hydride or carbide products from the reactants, it is necessary to break a M-O π bond. Thus, the observation that D1 or D2 formation is most exothermic for MO3 is consistent with these oxides having the weakest π bonds. Also, the observation that the R-MO3 bond strength increases as the ...
Lewis acid catalysis
In Lewis acid catalysis of organic reactions, a metal-based Lewis acid acts as an electron pair acceptor to increase the reactivity of a substrate. Common Lewis acid catalysts are based on main group metals such as aluminum, boron, silicon, and tin, as well as many early (titanium, zirconium) and late (iron, copper, zinc) d-block metals. The metal atom forms an adduct with a lone-pair bearing electronegative atom in the substrate, such as oxygen (both sp2 or sp3), nitrogen, sulfur, and halogens. The complexation has partial charge-transfer character and makes the lone-pair donor effectively more electronegative, activating the substrate toward nucleophilic attack, heterolytic bond cleavage, or cycloaddition with 1,3-dienes and 1,3-dipoles.Many classical reactions involving carbon–carbon or carbon–heteroatom bond formation can be catalyzed by Lewis acids. Examples include the Friedel-Crafts reaction, the aldol reaction, and various pericyclic processes that proceed slowly at room temperature, such as the Diels-Alder reaction and the ene reaction. In addition to accelerating the reactions, Lewis acid catalysts are able to impose regioselectivity and stereoselectivity in many cases.Early developments in Lewis acid reagents focused on easily available compounds such as TiCl4, BF3, SnCl4, and AlCl3. The relative strengths of these (and other) Lewis acids may be estimated from NMR spectroscopy by the Childs method or the Gutmann-Beckett method. Over the years, versatile catalysts bearing ligands designed for specific applications have facilitated improvement in both reactivity and selectivity of Lewis acid-catalyzed reactions. More recently, Lewis acid catalysts with chiral ligands have become an important class of tools for asymmetric catalysis.Challenges in the development of Lewis acid catalysis include inefficient catalyst turnover (caused by catalyst affinity for the product) and the frequent requirement of two-point binding for stereoselectivity, which often necessitates the use of auxiliary groups.