9701/04 - StudyGuide.PK
... Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included ...
... Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included ...
A Straightforward Route to Enantiopure Pyrrolizidines and
... together with methanol (MeOH) can be produced from syngas by appropriate modification of MeOHsynthesis catalysts and the reaction conditions [16-25]. Over the catalysts in this category, a significant amount of isobutanol is often produced. In the 1970s and 1980s, researchers at Union Carbide Corpor ...
... together with methanol (MeOH) can be produced from syngas by appropriate modification of MeOHsynthesis catalysts and the reaction conditions [16-25]. Over the catalysts in this category, a significant amount of isobutanol is often produced. In the 1970s and 1980s, researchers at Union Carbide Corpor ...
5.2 Calculations of Enthalpy Changes (SL/HL)
... Using the Born Haber Cycle The cycle can be used to determine the enthalpy of formation of an ionic compound, or it can be used to work out the lattice enthalpy (as this is a difficult value to measure directly.) If there is a large difference between the lattice enthalpy obtained by experiment ...
... Using the Born Haber Cycle The cycle can be used to determine the enthalpy of formation of an ionic compound, or it can be used to work out the lattice enthalpy (as this is a difficult value to measure directly.) If there is a large difference between the lattice enthalpy obtained by experiment ...
Name_________________________________________
... 1. How many grams of PbO are consumed in the reaction of 8.16 g PbO? (MM of PbO is 223.2 g/mol) 2. If 0.312 g of NH3 is available to react with 8.16 g PbO, how many grams of Pb are produced? 3. If the actual yield is 4.95 g Pb, what is the percent yield? [ANS = 0.415 g, 5.69 g, 87%] Benzocaine is a ...
... 1. How many grams of PbO are consumed in the reaction of 8.16 g PbO? (MM of PbO is 223.2 g/mol) 2. If 0.312 g of NH3 is available to react with 8.16 g PbO, how many grams of Pb are produced? 3. If the actual yield is 4.95 g Pb, what is the percent yield? [ANS = 0.415 g, 5.69 g, 87%] Benzocaine is a ...
Chapter 4-5
... – Reactions are driven from reactants to products by some energetic force that pushes them along. 1. Precipitation Reactions • Driving force = removal of material (ppt) from solution. • e.gPb (NO3)2 (aq) + 2 KI(aq) → 2KNO3 (aq) + PBI2 (S) yellow solid • Acid- base neutralization reactions - An acid ...
... – Reactions are driven from reactants to products by some energetic force that pushes them along. 1. Precipitation Reactions • Driving force = removal of material (ppt) from solution. • e.gPb (NO3)2 (aq) + 2 KI(aq) → 2KNO3 (aq) + PBI2 (S) yellow solid • Acid- base neutralization reactions - An acid ...
H - Deans Community High School
... increase production and get a good return for the investment ...
... increase production and get a good return for the investment ...
Organic Chemistry Organic Chemistry
... With the huge number of organic substances, we would have great difficulty memorizing the properties of each compound. Fortunately, the compounds fall into organic families according to particular combinations of atoms in each molecule. The physical properties and reactivity of the compounds are rel ...
... With the huge number of organic substances, we would have great difficulty memorizing the properties of each compound. Fortunately, the compounds fall into organic families according to particular combinations of atoms in each molecule. The physical properties and reactivity of the compounds are rel ...
5. Formulae, equations and amounts of substance
... conical flask during a titration to wash the sides of the flask so that all the acid on the side is washed into the reaction mixture to react with the alkali. It does not affect the titration reading as water does not react with the reagents or change the number of moles of acid added. Only distille ...
... conical flask during a titration to wash the sides of the flask so that all the acid on the side is washed into the reaction mixture to react with the alkali. It does not affect the titration reading as water does not react with the reagents or change the number of moles of acid added. Only distille ...
How to Use Reaction Stoichiometry
... Figure 4.6 (a) When an octane molecule undergoes complete combustion, it forms carbon dioxide and water: one CO2 molecule is formed for each carbon atom present (yellow arrows). (b) However, in a limited supply of oxygen, some of the carbon atoms end up as carbon monoxide molecules, CO, so the yiel ...
... Figure 4.6 (a) When an octane molecule undergoes complete combustion, it forms carbon dioxide and water: one CO2 molecule is formed for each carbon atom present (yellow arrows). (b) However, in a limited supply of oxygen, some of the carbon atoms end up as carbon monoxide molecules, CO, so the yiel ...
Chemistry FIFTH EDITION by Steven S. Zumdahl University of Illinois
... Rate of formation of NO3 = [NO3] = k [NO2]2 t This agrees with experimentally determined Rate law. Rate Mechanism may be correct (not proven.) Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. ...
... Rate of formation of NO3 = [NO3] = k [NO2]2 t This agrees with experimentally determined Rate law. Rate Mechanism may be correct (not proven.) Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. ...
Chapter 1 questions
... certain compounds. Calculate the empirical formula of each: a) carbon 75.0%, hydrogen 25.0% b) magnesium 60.3%, oxygen 39.7% c) iron 69.9%, oxygen 30.1% d) potassium 24.7%, manganese 34.8%, oxygen 40.5% e) tin 52.8%, iron 12.4%, carbon 16.0%, nitrogen 18.8% Q9. Nicotine is a highly toxic chemical wh ...
... certain compounds. Calculate the empirical formula of each: a) carbon 75.0%, hydrogen 25.0% b) magnesium 60.3%, oxygen 39.7% c) iron 69.9%, oxygen 30.1% d) potassium 24.7%, manganese 34.8%, oxygen 40.5% e) tin 52.8%, iron 12.4%, carbon 16.0%, nitrogen 18.8% Q9. Nicotine is a highly toxic chemical wh ...
Document
... state, and some elements exist in more than one distinct form in the same physical state. For example, carbon can exist as graphite or as diamond; oxygen can exist as O2 or as O3 (ozone). These different forms of an element in the same physical state are called allotropes. The reference form is the ...
... state, and some elements exist in more than one distinct form in the same physical state. For example, carbon can exist as graphite or as diamond; oxygen can exist as O2 or as O3 (ozone). These different forms of an element in the same physical state are called allotropes. The reference form is the ...
Chemical Engineering Principles of CVD Processes
... The walls of the reactor are cold - usually no deposition occurs on them - with a low wall temp : the risk of contamination from vapor/wall reactions is reduced - Homogeneous reaction is suppressed (CH4 can not be used to reach acceptable deposition rates) Advantage: Flexibility, high cleanliness, h ...
... The walls of the reactor are cold - usually no deposition occurs on them - with a low wall temp : the risk of contamination from vapor/wall reactions is reduced - Homogeneous reaction is suppressed (CH4 can not be used to reach acceptable deposition rates) Advantage: Flexibility, high cleanliness, h ...
Equilibrium Electrochemistry
... (ii) different concentration of hydrochloric acid- At the junction, the mobile H+ ions diffuse into the more dilute solution. The bulkier Cl- ions follow, but initially do so more slowly- results in a potential difference at the junction. The potential then settles down to a value such that, after b ...
... (ii) different concentration of hydrochloric acid- At the junction, the mobile H+ ions diffuse into the more dilute solution. The bulkier Cl- ions follow, but initially do so more slowly- results in a potential difference at the junction. The potential then settles down to a value such that, after b ...
Acid + Base Class # 1
... Arrhenius theory states that aqueous solutions with excess hydrogen ions are acids, and that aqueous solutions with excess hydroxide ions are bases. It goes on to say… 23. Acids + bases form into a salt + water ...
... Arrhenius theory states that aqueous solutions with excess hydrogen ions are acids, and that aqueous solutions with excess hydroxide ions are bases. It goes on to say… 23. Acids + bases form into a salt + water ...
REDOX EQUILIBRIA SL - chemistryatdulwich
... When metals react they lose electrons or are oxidized, when non-metals react they gain electrons or are reduced. Therefore the reactivity of a metal or non-metal is about how easily it is oxidized or reduced or how strong a reducing or oxidizing agent it is. The strength of an oxidising or reducing ...
... When metals react they lose electrons or are oxidized, when non-metals react they gain electrons or are reduced. Therefore the reactivity of a metal or non-metal is about how easily it is oxidized or reduced or how strong a reducing or oxidizing agent it is. The strength of an oxidising or reducing ...
REDOX EQUILIBRIA SL - chemistryatdulwich
... When metals react they lose electrons or are oxidized, when non-metals react they gain electrons or are reduced. Therefore the reactivity of a metal or non-metal is about how easily it is oxidized or reduced or how strong a reducing or oxidizing agent it is. The strength of an oxidising or reducing ...
... When metals react they lose electrons or are oxidized, when non-metals react they gain electrons or are reduced. Therefore the reactivity of a metal or non-metal is about how easily it is oxidized or reduced or how strong a reducing or oxidizing agent it is. The strength of an oxidising or reducing ...
IChO_Comp_Prob_Answ 1997
... routine material studied in most high schools around the world. But this is how it should be since the competitors involved are among the best that our countries have to offer. However, it is felt that even these topics and the level of expertise expected can be mastered by our students without sign ...
... routine material studied in most high schools around the world. But this is how it should be since the competitors involved are among the best that our countries have to offer. However, it is felt that even these topics and the level of expertise expected can be mastered by our students without sign ...
29th INTERNATIONAL CHEMISTRY OLYMPIAD PREPARATORY
... routine material studied in most high schools around the world. But this is how it should be since the competitors involved are among the best that our countries have to offer. However, it is felt that even these topics and the level of expertise expected can be mastered by our students without sign ...
... routine material studied in most high schools around the world. But this is how it should be since the competitors involved are among the best that our countries have to offer. However, it is felt that even these topics and the level of expertise expected can be mastered by our students without sign ...
Chapter 17: Reaction Energy and Reaction Kinetics
... is measured in a calorimeter. In one kind of calorimeter, known quantities of reactants are sealed in a reaction chamber, which is immersed in a known quantity of water in an insulated vessel. Therefore, the energy given off (or absorbed) during the reaction is equal to the energy absorbed (or given ...
... is measured in a calorimeter. In one kind of calorimeter, known quantities of reactants are sealed in a reaction chamber, which is immersed in a known quantity of water in an insulated vessel. Therefore, the energy given off (or absorbed) during the reaction is equal to the energy absorbed (or given ...
Chemistry - Set as Home Page
... 24. Molecular formula of CHCl3 and its Empirical formula is __________. 25. Molecular formula of benzene is C6H6 and its empirical formula is __________. 26. 58.5 is the __________ of NaCl. 27. 4.5 gms of nitrogen will have __________ molecules. 28. 28 gms of nitrogen will have __________ molecules. ...
... 24. Molecular formula of CHCl3 and its Empirical formula is __________. 25. Molecular formula of benzene is C6H6 and its empirical formula is __________. 26. 58.5 is the __________ of NaCl. 27. 4.5 gms of nitrogen will have __________ molecules. 28. 28 gms of nitrogen will have __________ molecules. ...
379 - FTP
... Formula: H2S; MW 34.08 Synonyms: sulfur hydride; sulfureted hydrogen Occurrence and Uses Hydrogen sulfide occurs in natural gas. It also is found in many sewer gases. It is a by-product of many industrial processes. Trace amounts of dissolved H2S are found in wastewaters in equilibrium with dissolve ...
... Formula: H2S; MW 34.08 Synonyms: sulfur hydride; sulfureted hydrogen Occurrence and Uses Hydrogen sulfide occurs in natural gas. It also is found in many sewer gases. It is a by-product of many industrial processes. Trace amounts of dissolved H2S are found in wastewaters in equilibrium with dissolve ...
kinetic characterisation of catalysts for methanol synthesis
... Nowadays Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst is commonly used in chemical industry to produce methanol. The catalyst is produced in the shape of Raschig rings or tablets. The company Johnson Matthey produces a catalyst called KATALCO which is the standard of Cu/ZnO/Al2O3. A new generation of catalysts also based ...
... Nowadays Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst is commonly used in chemical industry to produce methanol. The catalyst is produced in the shape of Raschig rings or tablets. The company Johnson Matthey produces a catalyst called KATALCO which is the standard of Cu/ZnO/Al2O3. A new generation of catalysts also based ...
5. Formulae, equations and amounts of substance
... conical flask during a titration to wash the sides of the flask so that all the acid on the side is washed into the reaction mixture to react with the alkali. It does not affect the titration reading as water does not react with the reagents or change the number of moles of acid added. Only distille ...
... conical flask during a titration to wash the sides of the flask so that all the acid on the side is washed into the reaction mixture to react with the alkali. It does not affect the titration reading as water does not react with the reagents or change the number of moles of acid added. Only distille ...
1. Atomic Structure and Periodic Table THE MASS SPECTROMETER
... A. As one goes across a period , the number of protons increases making the effective attraction of the nucleus greater. The electrons are being added to the same shell which has the same shielding effect and the electrons are pulled in closer to the nucleus. Q. Why has Na a much lower first ionisat ...
... A. As one goes across a period , the number of protons increases making the effective attraction of the nucleus greater. The electrons are being added to the same shell which has the same shielding effect and the electrons are pulled in closer to the nucleus. Q. Why has Na a much lower first ionisat ...
Lewis acid catalysis
In Lewis acid catalysis of organic reactions, a metal-based Lewis acid acts as an electron pair acceptor to increase the reactivity of a substrate. Common Lewis acid catalysts are based on main group metals such as aluminum, boron, silicon, and tin, as well as many early (titanium, zirconium) and late (iron, copper, zinc) d-block metals. The metal atom forms an adduct with a lone-pair bearing electronegative atom in the substrate, such as oxygen (both sp2 or sp3), nitrogen, sulfur, and halogens. The complexation has partial charge-transfer character and makes the lone-pair donor effectively more electronegative, activating the substrate toward nucleophilic attack, heterolytic bond cleavage, or cycloaddition with 1,3-dienes and 1,3-dipoles.Many classical reactions involving carbon–carbon or carbon–heteroatom bond formation can be catalyzed by Lewis acids. Examples include the Friedel-Crafts reaction, the aldol reaction, and various pericyclic processes that proceed slowly at room temperature, such as the Diels-Alder reaction and the ene reaction. In addition to accelerating the reactions, Lewis acid catalysts are able to impose regioselectivity and stereoselectivity in many cases.Early developments in Lewis acid reagents focused on easily available compounds such as TiCl4, BF3, SnCl4, and AlCl3. The relative strengths of these (and other) Lewis acids may be estimated from NMR spectroscopy by the Childs method or the Gutmann-Beckett method. Over the years, versatile catalysts bearing ligands designed for specific applications have facilitated improvement in both reactivity and selectivity of Lewis acid-catalyzed reactions. More recently, Lewis acid catalysts with chiral ligands have become an important class of tools for asymmetric catalysis.Challenges in the development of Lewis acid catalysis include inefficient catalyst turnover (caused by catalyst affinity for the product) and the frequent requirement of two-point binding for stereoselectivity, which often necessitates the use of auxiliary groups.