Equilibrium
... Kp = 6.8 x 10-9 If COCl2(g) at an initial pressure of 1.00 atm decomposes, calculate the equilibrium pressures of all species? ...
... Kp = 6.8 x 10-9 If COCl2(g) at an initial pressure of 1.00 atm decomposes, calculate the equilibrium pressures of all species? ...
Notes
... represent the change in one concentration as x and use the mol relationships to define the changes in all other species in terms of x sum the initial concentration and the change represented by values of x to get expressions for the equilibrium concentrations substitute the equilibrium concentration ...
... represent the change in one concentration as x and use the mol relationships to define the changes in all other species in terms of x sum the initial concentration and the change represented by values of x to get expressions for the equilibrium concentrations substitute the equilibrium concentration ...
CHEM 1411 – STUDY-GUIDE-for-TEST-2
... 31. Which of the following statements is consistent with Boyle's Law concerning an ideal gas? A) At constant temperature and moles, a plot of volume versus pressure is linear. B) At constant pressure and volume, a plot of temperature versus moles is linear. C) At constant pressure and moles, a plot ...
... 31. Which of the following statements is consistent with Boyle's Law concerning an ideal gas? A) At constant temperature and moles, a plot of volume versus pressure is linear. B) At constant pressure and volume, a plot of temperature versus moles is linear. C) At constant pressure and moles, a plot ...
B.Sc. (Hons.) CHEMISTRY THREE-YEARS FULL
... Chemistry of alkanes: Formation of alkanes, Wurtz Reaction, Wurtz-Fittig Reactions, Free radical substitutions: Halogenation -relative reactivity and selectivity. (ii) Carbon-Carbon pi bonds: Formation of alkenes and alkynes by elimination reactions, Mechanism of E1, E2, E1cb reactions. Saytzeff and ...
... Chemistry of alkanes: Formation of alkanes, Wurtz Reaction, Wurtz-Fittig Reactions, Free radical substitutions: Halogenation -relative reactivity and selectivity. (ii) Carbon-Carbon pi bonds: Formation of alkenes and alkynes by elimination reactions, Mechanism of E1, E2, E1cb reactions. Saytzeff and ...
Thermodynamics Practice Problems Presentation
... Standard enthalpy of formation (DH0f) is the heat change that results when one mole of a compound is formed from its elements at a pressure of 1 atm. The standard enthalpy of formation of any element in its most stable form is zero. ...
... Standard enthalpy of formation (DH0f) is the heat change that results when one mole of a compound is formed from its elements at a pressure of 1 atm. The standard enthalpy of formation of any element in its most stable form is zero. ...
1411FINALSAMPLEs and Key
... sulfur atom in the first structure is therefore sp3. However, the sulfur is not simply sp3 hybridized in the second structure, which has an “expanded octet” around the sulfur atom. Hybridizations that allow more than an octet of electrons around an atom are sp3d (10 electrons) and sp3d2 (12 electron ...
... sulfur atom in the first structure is therefore sp3. However, the sulfur is not simply sp3 hybridized in the second structure, which has an “expanded octet” around the sulfur atom. Hybridizations that allow more than an octet of electrons around an atom are sp3d (10 electrons) and sp3d2 (12 electron ...
Group 1: The Alkali Metals
... boiling and melting points and are less dense than most elements. Li, Na, and K float on water because of their low densities. All of these characteristics can be attributed to the large atomic radii and weak metallic bonding these elements possess. Group 1 elements have a valence electron configura ...
... boiling and melting points and are less dense than most elements. Li, Na, and K float on water because of their low densities. All of these characteristics can be attributed to the large atomic radii and weak metallic bonding these elements possess. Group 1 elements have a valence electron configura ...
PHYSICAL SETTING CHEMISTRY
... (1) higher boiling point and a higher freezing point (2) higher boiling point and a lower freezing point (3) lower boiling point and a higher freezing point (4) lower boiling point and a lower freezing point ...
... (1) higher boiling point and a higher freezing point (2) higher boiling point and a lower freezing point (3) lower boiling point and a higher freezing point (4) lower boiling point and a lower freezing point ...
Ryoji Noyori - Nobel Lecture
... acids[46] are obtainable from suitably amido-substituted olefins. Notably, the Ru(II) and Rh(I) complexes possessing the same BINAP chirality form antipodal amino acids as the predominant products[47]. Figure 10 illustrates some chiral compounds that can be obtained by this asymmetric hydrogenation. ...
... acids[46] are obtainable from suitably amido-substituted olefins. Notably, the Ru(II) and Rh(I) complexes possessing the same BINAP chirality form antipodal amino acids as the predominant products[47]. Figure 10 illustrates some chiral compounds that can be obtained by this asymmetric hydrogenation. ...
study material(2014-15) class xii-chemistry
... Reviewed Support Materials of the previous year. In order to ensure that the participants come well-prepared for the Workshop, the topics/chapters were distributed among them well in advance. During the Workshop the materials prepared by each participant were thoroughly reviewed by their co-particip ...
... Reviewed Support Materials of the previous year. In order to ensure that the participants come well-prepared for the Workshop, the topics/chapters were distributed among them well in advance. During the Workshop the materials prepared by each participant were thoroughly reviewed by their co-particip ...
chemistry-resource
... Reviewed Support Materials of the previous year. In order to ensure that the participants come well-prepared for the Workshop, the topics/chapters were distributed among them well in advance. During the Workshop the materials prepared by each participant were thoroughly reviewed by their co-particip ...
... Reviewed Support Materials of the previous year. In order to ensure that the participants come well-prepared for the Workshop, the topics/chapters were distributed among them well in advance. During the Workshop the materials prepared by each participant were thoroughly reviewed by their co-particip ...
Chem 171-2-3: Final Exam Review Multiple Choice Problems 1
... Crystalline solids: a. have highly ordered structures ...
... Crystalline solids: a. have highly ordered structures ...
Unit F325 - Equilibria, energetics and elements - High band
... of the words ‘more’ and ‘less’ should not be used unless qualified for comparing negative numbers (–2 is actually ‘more’ than –4!). The candidate should have stated that the lattice enthalpy of MgO is less exothermic or less negative’. By using just ‘less’, this is a case is which ‘less means more’! ...
... of the words ‘more’ and ‘less’ should not be used unless qualified for comparing negative numbers (–2 is actually ‘more’ than –4!). The candidate should have stated that the lattice enthalpy of MgO is less exothermic or less negative’. By using just ‘less’, this is a case is which ‘less means more’! ...
tro2_ppt_lecture_04 - Louisiana Tech University
... Limiting Reactant • For reactions with multiple reactants, it is likely that one of the reactants will be completely used before the others. • When this reactant is used up, the reaction stops and no more product is made. • The reactant that limits the amount of product is called the limiting react ...
... Limiting Reactant • For reactions with multiple reactants, it is likely that one of the reactants will be completely used before the others. • When this reactant is used up, the reaction stops and no more product is made. • The reactant that limits the amount of product is called the limiting react ...
Thermodynamics and Equilibrium
... As we shall see, these two driving forces can act either in concert or in opposition. Figure 4.6 shows the effect that constraints (confinements or restrictions) on the degrees of freedom have on the density of states. The particles in Figure 4.6a are not constrained, so their energy is not constrai ...
... As we shall see, these two driving forces can act either in concert or in opposition. Figure 4.6 shows the effect that constraints (confinements or restrictions) on the degrees of freedom have on the density of states. The particles in Figure 4.6a are not constrained, so their energy is not constrai ...
mod-5-revision-guide-4-transition-metals
... Cr3+ (green) and then Cr2+ (blue) are formed by reduction of Cr2O72- (orange) by the strong reducing agent zinc in (HCl) acid solution. Fe2+ is a less strong reducing agent and will only reduce the dichromate to Cr3+ . The Fe2+ and Cr2O7 2- in acid solution reaction can be used as a quantitative red ...
... Cr3+ (green) and then Cr2+ (blue) are formed by reduction of Cr2O72- (orange) by the strong reducing agent zinc in (HCl) acid solution. Fe2+ is a less strong reducing agent and will only reduce the dichromate to Cr3+ . The Fe2+ and Cr2O7 2- in acid solution reaction can be used as a quantitative red ...
Calculations from Balanced Equations
... NaCl + CO2 + H2O Calculate the (a) mass of sodium chloride formed. (b) number of moles of water formed. (c) volume of carbon dioxide formed. ...
... NaCl + CO2 + H2O Calculate the (a) mass of sodium chloride formed. (b) number of moles of water formed. (c) volume of carbon dioxide formed. ...
Cleaning Up With Atom Economy
... individual hydrogen atoms, for the long hydrocarbon tail of the triglyceride. II. Identify the desired product, soap, and the waste byproducts that are generated by the reaction. Convert the starting materials into the products. Use the models to help you visualize the transfer of atoms from startin ...
... individual hydrogen atoms, for the long hydrocarbon tail of the triglyceride. II. Identify the desired product, soap, and the waste byproducts that are generated by the reaction. Convert the starting materials into the products. Use the models to help you visualize the transfer of atoms from startin ...
AP Chemistry
... One of the important concepts of stoichiometry is the law of conservation of mass, which states that the total mass of the products of a chemical reaction is the same as the total mass of the reactants. Likewise, the same numbers of atoms of each type are present before and after a chemical reaction ...
... One of the important concepts of stoichiometry is the law of conservation of mass, which states that the total mass of the products of a chemical reaction is the same as the total mass of the reactants. Likewise, the same numbers of atoms of each type are present before and after a chemical reaction ...
CHEM181H1_06_2013_Y_P1
... (d) they communicate or attempt to communicate any information relating to the examination to another candidate while the examination is in progress. (e) they use a false name or identity number in an examination. (f) they commit any other fraudulent, deceitful or dishonest practice which would mi ...
... (d) they communicate or attempt to communicate any information relating to the examination to another candidate while the examination is in progress. (e) they use a false name or identity number in an examination. (f) they commit any other fraudulent, deceitful or dishonest practice which would mi ...
Revised (12 Sept 2009) Topic: Chemical Equilibrium
... and NCS−(aq) ions (making the denominator bigger). Thus, although both forward and reverse reactions occur simultaneously, the reverse reaction will predominate to decrease the Fe(NCS)2+(aq) concentration until equilibrium is established. When the reverse reaction occurs to a greater extent than the ...
... and NCS−(aq) ions (making the denominator bigger). Thus, although both forward and reverse reactions occur simultaneously, the reverse reaction will predominate to decrease the Fe(NCS)2+(aq) concentration until equilibrium is established. When the reverse reaction occurs to a greater extent than the ...
Chapter 15. Chemical Equilibrium
... with constant concentrations of nitrogen, hydrogen, and ammonia. However, if we start with just ammonia and no nitrogen or hydrogen, the reaction will proceed and N2 and H2 will be produced until equilibrium is achieved. No matter what the starting composition of reactants and products is, the equil ...
... with constant concentrations of nitrogen, hydrogen, and ammonia. However, if we start with just ammonia and no nitrogen or hydrogen, the reaction will proceed and N2 and H2 will be produced until equilibrium is achieved. No matter what the starting composition of reactants and products is, the equil ...
Periodic table Periodic Trends
... measure the radius of an element. • However, Bohr’s model of an atom was too simplistic and electrons are not fixed in orbit around nucleus. • They are found in orbitals (regions of space) where there is a high probability of finding an electron. • Means we cannot find the radius of an element the s ...
... measure the radius of an element. • However, Bohr’s model of an atom was too simplistic and electrons are not fixed in orbit around nucleus. • They are found in orbitals (regions of space) where there is a high probability of finding an electron. • Means we cannot find the radius of an element the s ...
Lewis acid catalysis
In Lewis acid catalysis of organic reactions, a metal-based Lewis acid acts as an electron pair acceptor to increase the reactivity of a substrate. Common Lewis acid catalysts are based on main group metals such as aluminum, boron, silicon, and tin, as well as many early (titanium, zirconium) and late (iron, copper, zinc) d-block metals. The metal atom forms an adduct with a lone-pair bearing electronegative atom in the substrate, such as oxygen (both sp2 or sp3), nitrogen, sulfur, and halogens. The complexation has partial charge-transfer character and makes the lone-pair donor effectively more electronegative, activating the substrate toward nucleophilic attack, heterolytic bond cleavage, or cycloaddition with 1,3-dienes and 1,3-dipoles.Many classical reactions involving carbon–carbon or carbon–heteroatom bond formation can be catalyzed by Lewis acids. Examples include the Friedel-Crafts reaction, the aldol reaction, and various pericyclic processes that proceed slowly at room temperature, such as the Diels-Alder reaction and the ene reaction. In addition to accelerating the reactions, Lewis acid catalysts are able to impose regioselectivity and stereoselectivity in many cases.Early developments in Lewis acid reagents focused on easily available compounds such as TiCl4, BF3, SnCl4, and AlCl3. The relative strengths of these (and other) Lewis acids may be estimated from NMR spectroscopy by the Childs method or the Gutmann-Beckett method. Over the years, versatile catalysts bearing ligands designed for specific applications have facilitated improvement in both reactivity and selectivity of Lewis acid-catalyzed reactions. More recently, Lewis acid catalysts with chiral ligands have become an important class of tools for asymmetric catalysis.Challenges in the development of Lewis acid catalysis include inefficient catalyst turnover (caused by catalyst affinity for the product) and the frequent requirement of two-point binding for stereoselectivity, which often necessitates the use of auxiliary groups.