IONIC EQULIBRIUM
... Charge-balance equation. The equation expressing the electroneutrality principle; i.e., the total concentration of positive charge must equal the total concentration of negative charge. Common-ion effect. The effect produced by an ion, say from a salt, which is the same ion produced by the dissociat ...
... Charge-balance equation. The equation expressing the electroneutrality principle; i.e., the total concentration of positive charge must equal the total concentration of negative charge. Common-ion effect. The effect produced by an ion, say from a salt, which is the same ion produced by the dissociat ...
Chemistry Challenge Problems
... this case, can have any integral value from 0 to (n 1), or 0 to (1 1). In other words, must be 0 for these electrons. Also, the only value that m can have is 0. The electrons in 1 or 1 for m . These restrictions agree with the this energy level can have values of ...
... this case, can have any integral value from 0 to (n 1), or 0 to (1 1). In other words, must be 0 for these electrons. Also, the only value that m can have is 0. The electrons in 1 or 1 for m . These restrictions agree with the this energy level can have values of ...
chapter 16
... Relative energies of reactants and products (nature goes to minimum energy) Degree of organization of reactants and products (nature goes to maximum disorder) The significance of K: K> 1 means that the reaction favors the products at equilibrium K < 1 means that the reaction favors the reactan ...
... Relative energies of reactants and products (nature goes to minimum energy) Degree of organization of reactants and products (nature goes to maximum disorder) The significance of K: K> 1 means that the reaction favors the products at equilibrium K < 1 means that the reaction favors the reactan ...
Unit 2 Powerpoint Notes
... Write an equation for the reaction that occurs when solid copper metal reacts with aqueous silver nitrate to produce solid silver metal and aqueous copper(II) nitrate. Solution: • First, use correct formulas and symbols to write a chemical equation. • Then, balance your equation. ...
... Write an equation for the reaction that occurs when solid copper metal reacts with aqueous silver nitrate to produce solid silver metal and aqueous copper(II) nitrate. Solution: • First, use correct formulas and symbols to write a chemical equation. • Then, balance your equation. ...
CHAPTER 4 - Myschoolpages.com
... Increasing concentration of acid (H+) decreases concentration of base (OH-). Increasing concentration of base (OH-) decreases the concentration of acid (H+) Strong and Weak Acids and Bases - Strong indicates complete dissociation (strong electrolyte) and weak refers to only partial dissociation ...
... Increasing concentration of acid (H+) decreases concentration of base (OH-). Increasing concentration of base (OH-) decreases the concentration of acid (H+) Strong and Weak Acids and Bases - Strong indicates complete dissociation (strong electrolyte) and weak refers to only partial dissociation ...
Name:
... According to these results, what would be the initial rate (in mol/(L·s)) if all three concentrations are: [BrO3-]=[Br-]=[H+]=0.20 mol/L? 2. Use the following diagram to answer the questions below. a) Is the reaction exothermic or endothermic? Explain. b) What letter represents the activation energy ...
... According to these results, what would be the initial rate (in mol/(L·s)) if all three concentrations are: [BrO3-]=[Br-]=[H+]=0.20 mol/L? 2. Use the following diagram to answer the questions below. a) Is the reaction exothermic or endothermic? Explain. b) What letter represents the activation energy ...
Chemistry 133 Problem Set Introduction
... 1.81 Antifreeze contains the compound ethylene glycol. This compound not only lowers the freezing point of water but also increases the boiling point of water. The density of ethylene glycol is 9.35 lb/gal, and the density of water is 62.5 lb/ft3. (a) Is the density of water greater than the density ...
... 1.81 Antifreeze contains the compound ethylene glycol. This compound not only lowers the freezing point of water but also increases the boiling point of water. The density of ethylene glycol is 9.35 lb/gal, and the density of water is 62.5 lb/ft3. (a) Is the density of water greater than the density ...
analytical chemistry - Львівський національний медичний
... form various acids and acids force increases with increasing of element oxidation degree. For oxidising-reducing properties the anions divide on anions-oxidisers with high oxidation degree (nitrate-anion), anions-reducers with lower oxidation degree (chlorides, bromides, iodides) and neutral anions, ...
... form various acids and acids force increases with increasing of element oxidation degree. For oxidising-reducing properties the anions divide on anions-oxidisers with high oxidation degree (nitrate-anion), anions-reducers with lower oxidation degree (chlorides, bromides, iodides) and neutral anions, ...
1 What is the angular momentum quantum number (l) value for the
... Which of the following covalent single bonds is the shortest based on the atomic radius trends in the periodic table? A C–F CORRECT: The smaller the atomic radii of the bonding atoms the shorter the bond. Atomic radius generally decreases left to right across a period and increases down a group in ...
... Which of the following covalent single bonds is the shortest based on the atomic radius trends in the periodic table? A C–F CORRECT: The smaller the atomic radii of the bonding atoms the shorter the bond. Atomic radius generally decreases left to right across a period and increases down a group in ...
silbchp4
... A, In forming the ionic compound MgO, each Mg atom transfers two electrons to each O atom. (Note that atoms become smaller when they lose electrons and larger when they gain electrons.) The resulting Mg 2+ and O2- ions aggregate with many others to form an ionic solid. B, In the reactants H2 and Cl2 ...
... A, In forming the ionic compound MgO, each Mg atom transfers two electrons to each O atom. (Note that atoms become smaller when they lose electrons and larger when they gain electrons.) The resulting Mg 2+ and O2- ions aggregate with many others to form an ionic solid. B, In the reactants H2 and Cl2 ...
chapter 21
... [see Equation (14.13) of the text]. Make sure the units of R and Ea are consistent. Since the rate of the reaction at 250C is 1.50 103 times faster than the rate at 150C, the ratio of the rate constants, k, is also 1.50 103 : 1, because rate and rate constant are directly proportional. Solutio ...
... [see Equation (14.13) of the text]. Make sure the units of R and Ea are consistent. Since the rate of the reaction at 250C is 1.50 103 times faster than the rate at 150C, the ratio of the rate constants, k, is also 1.50 103 : 1, because rate and rate constant are directly proportional. Solutio ...
CHAPTER 14 CHEMICAL KINETICS
... temperatures [see Equation (14.13) of the text]. Make sure the units of R and Ea are consistent. Since the ...
... temperatures [see Equation (14.13) of the text]. Make sure the units of R and Ea are consistent. Since the ...
Chemical Equilibrium
... answer you need: If you need 1 sig fig, than any number that is a factor of 10-20 smaller is insignificant. If you need 2 sig figs, then it must be about 100 times smaller. If you need 3 sig figs it must be about 1000 times smaller. A good general rule for our purposes is that if a number is <5% of ...
... answer you need: If you need 1 sig fig, than any number that is a factor of 10-20 smaller is insignificant. If you need 2 sig figs, then it must be about 100 times smaller. If you need 3 sig figs it must be about 1000 times smaller. A good general rule for our purposes is that if a number is <5% of ...
Chapter 9: Non-aqueous media
... Initially, it was proposed that SO2 underwent self-ionization according to eq. 9.14. However, this equilibrium requires the separation of doubly charged ions, in contrast to the singly charged ions involved in other self-ionization equilibria described in Sections 9.6–9.11. Two observables suggest t ...
... Initially, it was proposed that SO2 underwent self-ionization according to eq. 9.14. However, this equilibrium requires the separation of doubly charged ions, in contrast to the singly charged ions involved in other self-ionization equilibria described in Sections 9.6–9.11. Two observables suggest t ...
Principles of Reactivity: Chemical Equilibria
... the equilibrium constant for the new equation (Knew) is the old equilibrium constant (Kold) raised to the power of the multiplication factor. The equilibrium constants for a reaction and its reverse are the reciprocals of each other. When two or more chemical equations are added to produce a net equ ...
... the equilibrium constant for the new equation (Knew) is the old equilibrium constant (Kold) raised to the power of the multiplication factor. The equilibrium constants for a reaction and its reverse are the reciprocals of each other. When two or more chemical equations are added to produce a net equ ...
chemistry - Textbooks Online
... (i) ionic or electrovalent bond (ii) covalent bond and (iii) coordinatecovalent bond. Mostly, valence electrons in the outer energy level of an atom take part in the chemical bonding. In 1916, W.Kossel and G.N.Lewis, separately developed theories of chemical bonding inorder to understand why atoms c ...
... (i) ionic or electrovalent bond (ii) covalent bond and (iii) coordinatecovalent bond. Mostly, valence electrons in the outer energy level of an atom take part in the chemical bonding. In 1916, W.Kossel and G.N.Lewis, separately developed theories of chemical bonding inorder to understand why atoms c ...
406 K (English version)
... teaching model) to a method of knowledge development. It involves prioritising the learner-centred approach: Increasing the number of secondary school teachers and improving their performance through ICT. Integrating ICT tools in the training of Chemistry teachers in order to improve the quality ...
... teaching model) to a method of knowledge development. It involves prioritising the learner-centred approach: Increasing the number of secondary school teachers and improving their performance through ICT. Integrating ICT tools in the training of Chemistry teachers in order to improve the quality ...
03-Chemical Rxns n Stoichiometry
... • The study of the mass relationships in chemistry • Based on the Law of Conservation of Mass (Antoine Lavoisier, 1789) “We may lay it down as an incontestable axiom that, in all the operations of art and nature, nothing is created; an equal amount of matter exists both before and after the experime ...
... • The study of the mass relationships in chemistry • Based on the Law of Conservation of Mass (Antoine Lavoisier, 1789) “We may lay it down as an incontestable axiom that, in all the operations of art and nature, nothing is created; an equal amount of matter exists both before and after the experime ...
Document
... C6H12O6 each carbon has only one oxygen atom associated with it and two hydrogen atoms, which are much lighter than oxygen. Therefore the mass of glucose produced should be less than the mass of carbon dioxide for this reaction. For Practice 4.1 Magnesium hydroxide, the active ingredient in milk of ...
... C6H12O6 each carbon has only one oxygen atom associated with it and two hydrogen atoms, which are much lighter than oxygen. Therefore the mass of glucose produced should be less than the mass of carbon dioxide for this reaction. For Practice 4.1 Magnesium hydroxide, the active ingredient in milk of ...
Towards a Theory of Organizations
... or departments of a company. These exact statements shall be applied to five examples of systems, stemming from the field of artificial chemistry (AC). Artificial chemistries are able to generate organizations with different characteristics. The concept of an artificial chemistry is an elegant means ...
... or departments of a company. These exact statements shall be applied to five examples of systems, stemming from the field of artificial chemistry (AC). Artificial chemistries are able to generate organizations with different characteristics. The concept of an artificial chemistry is an elegant means ...
Lewis acid catalysis
In Lewis acid catalysis of organic reactions, a metal-based Lewis acid acts as an electron pair acceptor to increase the reactivity of a substrate. Common Lewis acid catalysts are based on main group metals such as aluminum, boron, silicon, and tin, as well as many early (titanium, zirconium) and late (iron, copper, zinc) d-block metals. The metal atom forms an adduct with a lone-pair bearing electronegative atom in the substrate, such as oxygen (both sp2 or sp3), nitrogen, sulfur, and halogens. The complexation has partial charge-transfer character and makes the lone-pair donor effectively more electronegative, activating the substrate toward nucleophilic attack, heterolytic bond cleavage, or cycloaddition with 1,3-dienes and 1,3-dipoles.Many classical reactions involving carbon–carbon or carbon–heteroatom bond formation can be catalyzed by Lewis acids. Examples include the Friedel-Crafts reaction, the aldol reaction, and various pericyclic processes that proceed slowly at room temperature, such as the Diels-Alder reaction and the ene reaction. In addition to accelerating the reactions, Lewis acid catalysts are able to impose regioselectivity and stereoselectivity in many cases.Early developments in Lewis acid reagents focused on easily available compounds such as TiCl4, BF3, SnCl4, and AlCl3. The relative strengths of these (and other) Lewis acids may be estimated from NMR spectroscopy by the Childs method or the Gutmann-Beckett method. Over the years, versatile catalysts bearing ligands designed for specific applications have facilitated improvement in both reactivity and selectivity of Lewis acid-catalyzed reactions. More recently, Lewis acid catalysts with chiral ligands have become an important class of tools for asymmetric catalysis.Challenges in the development of Lewis acid catalysis include inefficient catalyst turnover (caused by catalyst affinity for the product) and the frequent requirement of two-point binding for stereoselectivity, which often necessitates the use of auxiliary groups.