PowerPoint Presentation - Chemical Equilibrium
... reactions considered until now have had reactants react completely to form products. These reactions “went” only in one direction. Some reactions can react in either direction. They are “reversible”. When this occurs some amount of reactant(s) will always remain in the final reaction mixture. ...
... reactions considered until now have had reactants react completely to form products. These reactions “went” only in one direction. Some reactions can react in either direction. They are “reversible”. When this occurs some amount of reactant(s) will always remain in the final reaction mixture. ...
Appendices - Mattson Creighton
... 1. A precipitate is an insoluble solid substance that is formed from an aqueous solution. Usually, precipitates are noticed as a cloudiness in the solution or as suspended particles. Eventually they settle to the bottom. 2. Limewater is a saturated solution of calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2(aq) 3. Carbo ...
... 1. A precipitate is an insoluble solid substance that is formed from an aqueous solution. Usually, precipitates are noticed as a cloudiness in the solution or as suspended particles. Eventually they settle to the bottom. 2. Limewater is a saturated solution of calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2(aq) 3. Carbo ...
2008 FALL Semester Midterm Examination For
... pts)? How many chiral centers (asymmetric carbons) does it have (3 pts)? Indicate them on the structure (3 pts). How many stereoisomers are possible (do not count conformational or geometrical isomers) (3 pts)? Draw most stable stereoisomer in a chair form (5 pts). ...
... pts)? How many chiral centers (asymmetric carbons) does it have (3 pts)? Indicate them on the structure (3 pts). How many stereoisomers are possible (do not count conformational or geometrical isomers) (3 pts)? Draw most stable stereoisomer in a chair form (5 pts). ...
entropy - KFUPM Faculty List
... be spontaneous as written (in the for- ward direction), Suniv must be positive. An equilibrium process is one that does not occur spontaneously in either the net forward or net reverse direction but can be made to occur by the addition or removal of energy to a system at equilibrium. ...
... be spontaneous as written (in the for- ward direction), Suniv must be positive. An equilibrium process is one that does not occur spontaneously in either the net forward or net reverse direction but can be made to occur by the addition or removal of energy to a system at equilibrium. ...
4U Chemistry Practice Exam - Coristines
... ____ 24. Which quantity does not increase when the temperature of a reaction system is raised? a. activation energy b. number of collisions c. number of effective collisions d. average kinetic energy of the particles e. all of the above increase ____ 25. The isotope has a half-life of 165 days. The ...
... ____ 24. Which quantity does not increase when the temperature of a reaction system is raised? a. activation energy b. number of collisions c. number of effective collisions d. average kinetic energy of the particles e. all of the above increase ____ 25. The isotope has a half-life of 165 days. The ...
equilibrium - eVirtualGuru
... has reached equilibrium state at this stage. However, this is not static equilibrium and there is a lot of activity at the boundary between the liquid and the vapour. Thus, at equilibrium, the rate of evaporation is equal to the rate of condensation. It may be represented by H2O (l) ⇌ H2O (vap) The ...
... has reached equilibrium state at this stage. However, this is not static equilibrium and there is a lot of activity at the boundary between the liquid and the vapour. Thus, at equilibrium, the rate of evaporation is equal to the rate of condensation. It may be represented by H2O (l) ⇌ H2O (vap) The ...
Unit 12: Electrochemistry
... 1. Alternating Current (AC): The current produced by power plants; the polarity (positive to negative current) shifts (alternates) at a household rate of 60 cycles per second (Hz). 2. Anode: The electrode at which oxidation occurs. 3. Cathode: The electrode at which reduction occurs. 4. Converter: A ...
... 1. Alternating Current (AC): The current produced by power plants; the polarity (positive to negative current) shifts (alternates) at a household rate of 60 cycles per second (Hz). 2. Anode: The electrode at which oxidation occurs. 3. Cathode: The electrode at which reduction occurs. 4. Converter: A ...
BARIUM NITRATE
... Only a small fraction of Bk–249 is obtained by the above reaction because neutrons also induce fission. Alternatively, uranium–238 may be converted to Bk–249 by very short but intense neutron bombardment followed by five successive beta decays. Chemical Properties The chemical properties of berkeliu ...
... Only a small fraction of Bk–249 is obtained by the above reaction because neutrons also induce fission. Alternatively, uranium–238 may be converted to Bk–249 by very short but intense neutron bombardment followed by five successive beta decays. Chemical Properties The chemical properties of berkeliu ...
East Meck Chemistry
... A physical change is a change in matter that does not involve a change in the chemical identity of individual substances. The matter only changes in appearance. Examples: ______________, _________________, __________________, _________________, ___________________, and _____________________. A chemi ...
... A physical change is a change in matter that does not involve a change in the chemical identity of individual substances. The matter only changes in appearance. Examples: ______________, _________________, __________________, _________________, ___________________, and _____________________. A chemi ...
chemistry - Brilliant Public School Sitamarhi
... If kf for water is 1.86 K kg mol–1, what is the freezing point of 0.1 molal solution of a substance which undergoes no dissociation or association of ...
... If kf for water is 1.86 K kg mol–1, what is the freezing point of 0.1 molal solution of a substance which undergoes no dissociation or association of ...
Post Lab Questions
... should have your name, your class ID number, and a heading which includes the date, title of the assignment, and your period. Exams: will cover material presented in the current unit. Unless otherwise stated the only materials students may use to complete midterm exams are a calculator and a provide ...
... should have your name, your class ID number, and a heading which includes the date, title of the assignment, and your period. Exams: will cover material presented in the current unit. Unless otherwise stated the only materials students may use to complete midterm exams are a calculator and a provide ...
Acids, bases and combustion
... To prevent filament from burning out. Provides an atmosphere in which burning cannot occur i.e. inert atmosphere a) Halogens (b) X & Y (c) Z is the largest atom with the highest number of energy levels occupied by electrons. The longer an atom is the higher the forces of attraction that hold the mol ...
... To prevent filament from burning out. Provides an atmosphere in which burning cannot occur i.e. inert atmosphere a) Halogens (b) X & Y (c) Z is the largest atom with the highest number of energy levels occupied by electrons. The longer an atom is the higher the forces of attraction that hold the mol ...
Solubility Solubility is defined as the amount of solute that will
... final time - initial time min This will give us a average rate because we will find that often the rate will change as the reaction proceeds. Also you might observe that the negative sign in front of the equation makes the value positive, as required by the definitition of rate. The rate is the expe ...
... final time - initial time min This will give us a average rate because we will find that often the rate will change as the reaction proceeds. Also you might observe that the negative sign in front of the equation makes the value positive, as required by the definitition of rate. The rate is the expe ...
PREPARATION, STRUCTURAL STUDIES AND CHEMICAL
... alternative for IBX and, due to its widely usage, has been named in their honor as DessMartin Periodane (DMP).29 R. E. Ireland and L. Liu subsequently improved this method by adding a catalytic amount (0.5%) of tosylic acid.66 Due to this modification, the reaction time has been decreased with incre ...
... alternative for IBX and, due to its widely usage, has been named in their honor as DessMartin Periodane (DMP).29 R. E. Ireland and L. Liu subsequently improved this method by adding a catalytic amount (0.5%) of tosylic acid.66 Due to this modification, the reaction time has been decreased with incre ...
Analytical Chemistry - University of Delhi
... Enantiomerism, Diastereomerism and Meso compounds) . Threo and erythro; D and L; cis - trans nomenclature; CIP Rules: R/ S (for upto 2 chiral carbon atoms) and E / Z Nomenclature (for upto two C=C systems). Unit 5 Aliphatic Hydrocarbons Functional group approach for the following reactions (preparat ...
... Enantiomerism, Diastereomerism and Meso compounds) . Threo and erythro; D and L; cis - trans nomenclature; CIP Rules: R/ S (for upto 2 chiral carbon atoms) and E / Z Nomenclature (for upto two C=C systems). Unit 5 Aliphatic Hydrocarbons Functional group approach for the following reactions (preparat ...
Mole-Volume Conversion Assignment
... something, there is the same number of that thing as there are ________________________ in 12 grams of carbon. ...
... something, there is the same number of that thing as there are ________________________ in 12 grams of carbon. ...
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate word, phrase, number, or unit.
... 14. a. (5 points) A regular sized marshmallow is 38.1 mm tall, occupies an area of 7.51 cm2, and has a mass of 7.2 grams. If a layer of marshmallows was spread over an area the size of the state of Texas (268,601 square miles), how many moles of marshmallows would this be. Some conversions factors y ...
... 14. a. (5 points) A regular sized marshmallow is 38.1 mm tall, occupies an area of 7.51 cm2, and has a mass of 7.2 grams. If a layer of marshmallows was spread over an area the size of the state of Texas (268,601 square miles), how many moles of marshmallows would this be. Some conversions factors y ...
paper - General Atomics Fusion Group
... received little attention in the past 10 years, particularly in the U.S. While there is no question about the technical feasibility and the potential for high efficiency, cycles with proven low cost and high efficiency have yet to be developed commercially. Over one hundred cycles have been proposed ...
... received little attention in the past 10 years, particularly in the U.S. While there is no question about the technical feasibility and the potential for high efficiency, cycles with proven low cost and high efficiency have yet to be developed commercially. Over one hundred cycles have been proposed ...
PDF Electrochemistry- II
... The corresponding equilibria established at the electrodes, are Fe2+ Æ Fe3+ + e and [Fe(CN)6]4– Æ [Fe(CN)6]3– + e ...
... The corresponding equilibria established at the electrodes, are Fe2+ Æ Fe3+ + e and [Fe(CN)6]4– Æ [Fe(CN)6]3– + e ...
![Covalently Bonded Platinum(II) Complexes of [alpha]](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/022412983_1-66c66ee18551a43164a79702fd995f95-300x300.png)
Laboratory Manual
... oing to a new school can be very exciting and challenging. There are always a lot of things to learn, such as the location of your classes, the library, cafeteria, and gym. You also have new rules to learn and what some things are called. When you walk into a chemistry laboratory the first time, the ...
... oing to a new school can be very exciting and challenging. There are always a lot of things to learn, such as the location of your classes, the library, cafeteria, and gym. You also have new rules to learn and what some things are called. When you walk into a chemistry laboratory the first time, the ...
Chapter 16: Energy and Chemical Change
... money in each account has changed, the total amount of your money in the bank remains the same. When applied to energy, this analogy embodies the law of conservation of energy. The law of conservation of energy states that in any chemical reaction or physical process, energy can be converted from on ...
... money in each account has changed, the total amount of your money in the bank remains the same. When applied to energy, this analogy embodies the law of conservation of energy. The law of conservation of energy states that in any chemical reaction or physical process, energy can be converted from on ...
The Equilibrium Constant
... • Chemical equilibrium is the point at which the rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the reverse reaction. At that point, the concentrations of all species are constant. • Using the collision model: – as the amount of NO2 builds up, there is a chance that two NO2 molecules will coll ...
... • Chemical equilibrium is the point at which the rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the reverse reaction. At that point, the concentrations of all species are constant. • Using the collision model: – as the amount of NO2 builds up, there is a chance that two NO2 molecules will coll ...
Lewis acid catalysis
In Lewis acid catalysis of organic reactions, a metal-based Lewis acid acts as an electron pair acceptor to increase the reactivity of a substrate. Common Lewis acid catalysts are based on main group metals such as aluminum, boron, silicon, and tin, as well as many early (titanium, zirconium) and late (iron, copper, zinc) d-block metals. The metal atom forms an adduct with a lone-pair bearing electronegative atom in the substrate, such as oxygen (both sp2 or sp3), nitrogen, sulfur, and halogens. The complexation has partial charge-transfer character and makes the lone-pair donor effectively more electronegative, activating the substrate toward nucleophilic attack, heterolytic bond cleavage, or cycloaddition with 1,3-dienes and 1,3-dipoles.Many classical reactions involving carbon–carbon or carbon–heteroatom bond formation can be catalyzed by Lewis acids. Examples include the Friedel-Crafts reaction, the aldol reaction, and various pericyclic processes that proceed slowly at room temperature, such as the Diels-Alder reaction and the ene reaction. In addition to accelerating the reactions, Lewis acid catalysts are able to impose regioselectivity and stereoselectivity in many cases.Early developments in Lewis acid reagents focused on easily available compounds such as TiCl4, BF3, SnCl4, and AlCl3. The relative strengths of these (and other) Lewis acids may be estimated from NMR spectroscopy by the Childs method or the Gutmann-Beckett method. Over the years, versatile catalysts bearing ligands designed for specific applications have facilitated improvement in both reactivity and selectivity of Lewis acid-catalyzed reactions. More recently, Lewis acid catalysts with chiral ligands have become an important class of tools for asymmetric catalysis.Challenges in the development of Lewis acid catalysis include inefficient catalyst turnover (caused by catalyst affinity for the product) and the frequent requirement of two-point binding for stereoselectivity, which often necessitates the use of auxiliary groups.