All you need to know about Additional Science
... different isotopes of chlorine. This is calculated by working out the relative abundance of each isotope. For example, in any sample of Chlorine 25% will be 37 Cl and 75% 35 Cl. The relative atomic mass is therefore calculated using the equation: • (% of isotope 1 × mass of isotope 1) + (% of isotop ...
... different isotopes of chlorine. This is calculated by working out the relative abundance of each isotope. For example, in any sample of Chlorine 25% will be 37 Cl and 75% 35 Cl. The relative atomic mass is therefore calculated using the equation: • (% of isotope 1 × mass of isotope 1) + (% of isotop ...
1 - College of Arts and Sciences
... The chemical symbol for an element with 22 protons, 26 neutrons, and 19 electrons is • The number of protons (22) is the atomic number so the ...
... The chemical symbol for an element with 22 protons, 26 neutrons, and 19 electrons is • The number of protons (22) is the atomic number so the ...
1 - College of Arts and Sciences
... The chemical symbol for an element with 22 protons, 26 neutrons, and 19 electrons is • The number of protons (22) is the atomic number so the ...
... The chemical symbol for an element with 22 protons, 26 neutrons, and 19 electrons is • The number of protons (22) is the atomic number so the ...
Lecture 5
... Displacement Reactions Reaction of a compound with a more reactive element to produce a new compound and release a less reactive element ...
... Displacement Reactions Reaction of a compound with a more reactive element to produce a new compound and release a less reactive element ...
Click here for the Reaction NOTES Handout
... Redox: Oxidation is loss of electrons. Reduction is gain of electrons. LEO the lion goes GER For example, in the extraction of iron from its ore. Because both reduction and oxidation are going on side-byside, this is known as a redox reaction. ...
... Redox: Oxidation is loss of electrons. Reduction is gain of electrons. LEO the lion goes GER For example, in the extraction of iron from its ore. Because both reduction and oxidation are going on side-byside, this is known as a redox reaction. ...
Section A oxide in molten cryolite?
... The half-equation for oxidation of sulphite ion is shown below. SO 3 (aq) + H2O(I) → SO 4 (aq) + 2H (aq) + 2e If the original oxidation number of the metal in the salt was +3, what would be the new oxidation number of the metal? A+1 B +2 C +4 D+5 Q14 The amount of titanium dioxide in an ore can be d ...
... The half-equation for oxidation of sulphite ion is shown below. SO 3 (aq) + H2O(I) → SO 4 (aq) + 2H (aq) + 2e If the original oxidation number of the metal in the salt was +3, what would be the new oxidation number of the metal? A+1 B +2 C +4 D+5 Q14 The amount of titanium dioxide in an ore can be d ...
document
... 2. Ion C B. A bond that is formed by sharing electrons. 3. Charge D C. A charged atom. D. The number of electrons an 4. Covalent Bond B element is willing to gain, lose, or share to form compounds. 5. Ionic Bond I E. States that all elements want either a full outer shell or eight 6. Subscript H ele ...
... 2. Ion C B. A bond that is formed by sharing electrons. 3. Charge D C. A charged atom. D. The number of electrons an 4. Covalent Bond B element is willing to gain, lose, or share to form compounds. 5. Ionic Bond I E. States that all elements want either a full outer shell or eight 6. Subscript H ele ...
Please do not remove this page. The periodic table, constants, and
... Consider the balanced equation given for the reaction of iodate ion with iodide ion in acidic solution: IO3– (aq) + 5 I– (aq) + 6 H+ (aq) 3 I2 (aq) + 3 H2O (l) At a particular instant in time, the value of ∆[I–]/∆t = 4.0 x 10–3 M•s–1. What is the value of ∆[I2]/∆t at the same instant in ...
... Consider the balanced equation given for the reaction of iodate ion with iodide ion in acidic solution: IO3– (aq) + 5 I– (aq) + 6 H+ (aq) 3 I2 (aq) + 3 H2O (l) At a particular instant in time, the value of ∆[I–]/∆t = 4.0 x 10–3 M•s–1. What is the value of ∆[I2]/∆t at the same instant in ...
AP Chemistry Note Outline
... 2. Balance atoms other than H & O 3. Balance oxygen by adding H2O to the side that needs O 4. Balance hydrogen by adding H+ to the side that needs H 5. Balance the charge by adding electrons 6. Make the number of electrons gained equal to the number lost and then add the two halfreactions 7. Cancel ...
... 2. Balance atoms other than H & O 3. Balance oxygen by adding H2O to the side that needs O 4. Balance hydrogen by adding H+ to the side that needs H 5. Balance the charge by adding electrons 6. Make the number of electrons gained equal to the number lost and then add the two halfreactions 7. Cancel ...
Example - Request a Spot account
... 2. In a chemical equation (or reaction for that matter) the substances that undergo chemical change(s) are called the reactants 3. The resulting substances formed are called the products 4. The standard representation of a chemical equation: Reactant(s) Product(s) Example: The production of water ...
... 2. In a chemical equation (or reaction for that matter) the substances that undergo chemical change(s) are called the reactants 3. The resulting substances formed are called the products 4. The standard representation of a chemical equation: Reactant(s) Product(s) Example: The production of water ...
Single Replacement Reactions - Tri
... • People who lived in 19th century cities were often poisoned by exposure to carbon monoxide from illuminating gas, which was a flammable mixture of gas suitable for lighting purposes that is made from coal and contained extremely high levels of CO. ...
... • People who lived in 19th century cities were often poisoned by exposure to carbon monoxide from illuminating gas, which was a flammable mixture of gas suitable for lighting purposes that is made from coal and contained extremely high levels of CO. ...
Heat of reaction
... • The heat absorbed or released by a system usually depends on the conditions under which the reaction is performed. • Normally, reactions are performed in vessels open to the atmosphere and hence at constant atmospheric pressure. • Enthalpy is an extensive property of a substance that can be used t ...
... • The heat absorbed or released by a system usually depends on the conditions under which the reaction is performed. • Normally, reactions are performed in vessels open to the atmosphere and hence at constant atmospheric pressure. • Enthalpy is an extensive property of a substance that can be used t ...
Chapters 6, 8
... obtained a new superconducting ceramic material, YBa2Cu3O7 that conducted electricity without resistance when cooled below liquid nitrogen temperature. Magnetic lines cannot penetrate a superconductor, so a magnet floats above it. Experimental trains based on magnetic levitation (maglev) are in cons ...
... obtained a new superconducting ceramic material, YBa2Cu3O7 that conducted electricity without resistance when cooled below liquid nitrogen temperature. Magnetic lines cannot penetrate a superconductor, so a magnet floats above it. Experimental trains based on magnetic levitation (maglev) are in cons ...
Chemical Reactions & Balancing Equations
... sodium + citric sodium + water + carbon bicarbonate acid citrate dioxide ...
... sodium + citric sodium + water + carbon bicarbonate acid citrate dioxide ...
Problem Set 2
... a) The oxidation step: ----------------------------------------------------b) The reduction step: ------------------------------------------------------c) The oxidizing agent: ------------------------------------------------------d) The reducing agent: ----------------------------------------------- ...
... a) The oxidation step: ----------------------------------------------------b) The reduction step: ------------------------------------------------------c) The oxidizing agent: ------------------------------------------------------d) The reducing agent: ----------------------------------------------- ...
Exam 3 Review Key
... b) Lead’s primary mode of toxicity is its interference with enzyme function – it mimics other essential metals that take part in enzymatic reactions and displaces them. Considering the fact that sulfhydryl (-SH) groups are found on many enzymes, how might EDTA and DMSA work to treat lead poisoning? ...
... b) Lead’s primary mode of toxicity is its interference with enzyme function – it mimics other essential metals that take part in enzymatic reactions and displaces them. Considering the fact that sulfhydryl (-SH) groups are found on many enzymes, how might EDTA and DMSA work to treat lead poisoning? ...
Methane - ARZELORIVAS IS
... Once the reaction gets started, it continues after the light is turned off. The products of the reaction include CH2Cl2 (dichloromethane), CHCl3 (chloroform), and CCl4 (carbon tetrachloride), as well as CH3Cl (chloromethane). The reaction also produces some C2H6. ...
... Once the reaction gets started, it continues after the light is turned off. The products of the reaction include CH2Cl2 (dichloromethane), CHCl3 (chloroform), and CCl4 (carbon tetrachloride), as well as CH3Cl (chloromethane). The reaction also produces some C2H6. ...
Grade 11 Chemistry Exam Review
... Element X has an electronegativity of 3.0 and element Y. has an electronegativity of 1.0. The most probable type of bond between X and Y is a) pure covalent. b) polar covalent. c) ionic. d) unpredictable. ...
... Element X has an electronegativity of 3.0 and element Y. has an electronegativity of 1.0. The most probable type of bond between X and Y is a) pure covalent. b) polar covalent. c) ionic. d) unpredictable. ...
Prescribed Practicals
... yellow. This means that a solution with pH ≤ 3.1 will be red and pH ≥ 4.4 will be yellow. However, if the pH of the solution is between 3.1 and 4.4, the solution will appear orange. This is known as its transition colour. ...
... yellow. This means that a solution with pH ≤ 3.1 will be red and pH ≥ 4.4 will be yellow. However, if the pH of the solution is between 3.1 and 4.4, the solution will appear orange. This is known as its transition colour. ...
chemical reaction
... the oxidation state(O.S) of an atom in the pure (uncombined) element is 0. The total (sum) of the oxidation state of all the atoms in a molecule or formula unit is 0. For an ion total of the oxidation state is equal to the charge on the ion. In their compounds the alkali metals (1a groups Li, Na, K, ...
... the oxidation state(O.S) of an atom in the pure (uncombined) element is 0. The total (sum) of the oxidation state of all the atoms in a molecule or formula unit is 0. For an ion total of the oxidation state is equal to the charge on the ion. In their compounds the alkali metals (1a groups Li, Na, K, ...
A Guide to Rate of Reactions
... It is important to note that the CAPS document separates Rate of Reaction and Chemical Equilibrium. This is because the underlying theory of each of these is very different. Rate of reaction is also called Chemical Kinetics and deals with how fast a reaction happens. Chemical equilibrium is based on ...
... It is important to note that the CAPS document separates Rate of Reaction and Chemical Equilibrium. This is because the underlying theory of each of these is very different. Rate of reaction is also called Chemical Kinetics and deals with how fast a reaction happens. Chemical equilibrium is based on ...
Lewis acid catalysis
In Lewis acid catalysis of organic reactions, a metal-based Lewis acid acts as an electron pair acceptor to increase the reactivity of a substrate. Common Lewis acid catalysts are based on main group metals such as aluminum, boron, silicon, and tin, as well as many early (titanium, zirconium) and late (iron, copper, zinc) d-block metals. The metal atom forms an adduct with a lone-pair bearing electronegative atom in the substrate, such as oxygen (both sp2 or sp3), nitrogen, sulfur, and halogens. The complexation has partial charge-transfer character and makes the lone-pair donor effectively more electronegative, activating the substrate toward nucleophilic attack, heterolytic bond cleavage, or cycloaddition with 1,3-dienes and 1,3-dipoles.Many classical reactions involving carbon–carbon or carbon–heteroatom bond formation can be catalyzed by Lewis acids. Examples include the Friedel-Crafts reaction, the aldol reaction, and various pericyclic processes that proceed slowly at room temperature, such as the Diels-Alder reaction and the ene reaction. In addition to accelerating the reactions, Lewis acid catalysts are able to impose regioselectivity and stereoselectivity in many cases.Early developments in Lewis acid reagents focused on easily available compounds such as TiCl4, BF3, SnCl4, and AlCl3. The relative strengths of these (and other) Lewis acids may be estimated from NMR spectroscopy by the Childs method or the Gutmann-Beckett method. Over the years, versatile catalysts bearing ligands designed for specific applications have facilitated improvement in both reactivity and selectivity of Lewis acid-catalyzed reactions. More recently, Lewis acid catalysts with chiral ligands have become an important class of tools for asymmetric catalysis.Challenges in the development of Lewis acid catalysis include inefficient catalyst turnover (caused by catalyst affinity for the product) and the frequent requirement of two-point binding for stereoselectivity, which often necessitates the use of auxiliary groups.