FINAL EXAM REVIEW
... 4. With respect to electrons, how does an ionic bond differ from a covalent bond? 5. Indicate whether the following compounds are ionic, nonpolar covalent, or polar covalent. Explain. a) NaCl b) H2O c) NO2 d) CS2 6. How many valence electrons are there in: a) Si b) K+1 c) Ne ...
... 4. With respect to electrons, how does an ionic bond differ from a covalent bond? 5. Indicate whether the following compounds are ionic, nonpolar covalent, or polar covalent. Explain. a) NaCl b) H2O c) NO2 d) CS2 6. How many valence electrons are there in: a) Si b) K+1 c) Ne ...
Chemical Equations
... Assigning Oxidation States (aka Oxidation Number) Hypothetical charge use to indicate the degree of oxidation (loss of electrons) Rules in assigning oxidation states: 1) The oxidation state of a free element is zero (0). ex. O2 (g), Ag (s) 2) The oxidation state of a monatomic ion is equal to its i ...
... Assigning Oxidation States (aka Oxidation Number) Hypothetical charge use to indicate the degree of oxidation (loss of electrons) Rules in assigning oxidation states: 1) The oxidation state of a free element is zero (0). ex. O2 (g), Ag (s) 2) The oxidation state of a monatomic ion is equal to its i ...
CP Chemistry Final Review – Chap. 10-19
... 2. The side of a manometer open to the atmosphere is 100 mm higher than the side open to a gas sample. Assuming that atmospheric pressure 780 mm Hg, determine the pressure of the gas sample. 3. The gas pressure in a 20-L tank is 4.8 atm. What is the new pressure if the temp. is raised from 100°C to ...
... 2. The side of a manometer open to the atmosphere is 100 mm higher than the side open to a gas sample. Assuming that atmospheric pressure 780 mm Hg, determine the pressure of the gas sample. 3. The gas pressure in a 20-L tank is 4.8 atm. What is the new pressure if the temp. is raised from 100°C to ...
Chemistry of Life
... • Large molecule built by amino acids • Amino Acids- There are _________ different proteins • Proteins have many different functions such as enzymes, structure, antibodies, hemoglobin(blood flow) ...
... • Large molecule built by amino acids • Amino Acids- There are _________ different proteins • Proteins have many different functions such as enzymes, structure, antibodies, hemoglobin(blood flow) ...
Chemical Synthesis Using Earth-Abundant Metal
... (i.e., Pd, Pt, Ru, Rh, Ir, Ag and Au). The problem with precious metals is that they are expensive, steadily rarefying, and are generally non-renewable. Catalysts made from these metals can also be harmful to humans and to the environment. ...
... (i.e., Pd, Pt, Ru, Rh, Ir, Ag and Au). The problem with precious metals is that they are expensive, steadily rarefying, and are generally non-renewable. Catalysts made from these metals can also be harmful to humans and to the environment. ...
standard sample test
... III. Show your thinking process. Answer the question as concisely as possible in the space provided. (1 question, 20 points) 16. A teaspoon holds 2.00 mL of pure water at 27.0˚C. A student pours out the water at a rate of 1,000 molecules per second. Could the student pour out all the water while ho ...
... III. Show your thinking process. Answer the question as concisely as possible in the space provided. (1 question, 20 points) 16. A teaspoon holds 2.00 mL of pure water at 27.0˚C. A student pours out the water at a rate of 1,000 molecules per second. Could the student pour out all the water while ho ...
Chemistry 30 Notes - Heat of Formation February 2nd
... If you have trouble converting mass into moles, better dig out your old Chemistry 20 notes or textbook and review. Chemistry 30 will require you to remember this basic chemistry skill! Step 2: Determine kJ for 0.390 mol We know from the question that 297 kJ of energy is released for 1 mole of SO2 — ...
... If you have trouble converting mass into moles, better dig out your old Chemistry 20 notes or textbook and review. Chemistry 30 will require you to remember this basic chemistry skill! Step 2: Determine kJ for 0.390 mol We know from the question that 297 kJ of energy is released for 1 mole of SO2 — ...
Chemical Reactions
... The Law of Conservation of Mass • The Law of Conservation of Mass states that the amount of matter in the universe is constant – This means that you can’t really ever destroy or create anything, you just change it from one form to another! ...
... The Law of Conservation of Mass • The Law of Conservation of Mass states that the amount of matter in the universe is constant – This means that you can’t really ever destroy or create anything, you just change it from one form to another! ...
Chapter 8
... oxygen, releasing a large amount of energy in the form of light and heat. Reactive elements combine with oxygen ...
... oxygen, releasing a large amount of energy in the form of light and heat. Reactive elements combine with oxygen ...
chemical reaction
... (aq) – aqueous (dissolved in water, exists as ions) ↓ - a precipitate has formed ...
... (aq) – aqueous (dissolved in water, exists as ions) ↓ - a precipitate has formed ...
View Article - Asian Journal of Chemistry
... MHz, CDCl3): δ 1.30 (t, 3H), 1.83 (d, 3H), 4.23 (m, 2H), 4.36 (t, 1H). The Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky reaction is synthetically useful, since it gives rise to α-brominated products which the bromine atom can be easily replaced to form other functional group substituted compounds. For the reaction catalys ...
... MHz, CDCl3): δ 1.30 (t, 3H), 1.83 (d, 3H), 4.23 (m, 2H), 4.36 (t, 1H). The Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky reaction is synthetically useful, since it gives rise to α-brominated products which the bromine atom can be easily replaced to form other functional group substituted compounds. For the reaction catalys ...
april test
... Calculate the frequency (in s-1) of the electromagnetic radiation emitted by a hydrogen atom when its electron undergoes a transition from the n = 4 level to the n = 2 level. ...
... Calculate the frequency (in s-1) of the electromagnetic radiation emitted by a hydrogen atom when its electron undergoes a transition from the n = 4 level to the n = 2 level. ...
Tests for functional groups
... (HCl) which turn damp litmus red and form a white ‘smoke’ with ammonia gas confirms the presence of an –OH group in the molecule. As this also gives a positive result with water (H-OH) and carboxylic acids (RCOOH), you must also be sure that the ‘unknown’ is dry and neutral before you can confirm it ...
... (HCl) which turn damp litmus red and form a white ‘smoke’ with ammonia gas confirms the presence of an –OH group in the molecule. As this also gives a positive result with water (H-OH) and carboxylic acids (RCOOH), you must also be sure that the ‘unknown’ is dry and neutral before you can confirm it ...
chemistry important question i
... 34. (a) Write the mechanism of hydration of ethene to form ethanol. (b) How are the following conversions carried out? (i) Propanol to propan-2-ol. (ii) Propanol to 1-propoxypropane. (c) Give the structure and the IUPAC name of the major product obtained in the following reaction: C6H5-OH→ 35.(a) A ...
... 34. (a) Write the mechanism of hydration of ethene to form ethanol. (b) How are the following conversions carried out? (i) Propanol to propan-2-ol. (ii) Propanol to 1-propoxypropane. (c) Give the structure and the IUPAC name of the major product obtained in the following reaction: C6H5-OH→ 35.(a) A ...
Chemical Reactions
... of a decomposition reaction, but when there are only 2 components to a compound, the simpler parts formed in the decomposition are apparent. ...
... of a decomposition reaction, but when there are only 2 components to a compound, the simpler parts formed in the decomposition are apparent. ...
Activation energy
... • Activation energy is the energy needed to start a reaction and break chemical bonds in the reactants. – This is why a flammable material, like gasoline, does not burn without a spark or flame. – The spark supplies the activation energy to start the reaction. ...
... • Activation energy is the energy needed to start a reaction and break chemical bonds in the reactants. – This is why a flammable material, like gasoline, does not burn without a spark or flame. – The spark supplies the activation energy to start the reaction. ...
Semester 2 Review
... 50. What is a catalyst? How is an enzyme like a catalyst? How do catalysts work? ...
... 50. What is a catalyst? How is an enzyme like a catalyst? How do catalysts work? ...
PP - Columbia University
... Reaction goes spontaneously to the right If energy change is negative: spontaneously to the right = exergonic: energy-releasing If energy change is positive: spontaneously to the left = endergonic: energy-requiring ...
... Reaction goes spontaneously to the right If energy change is negative: spontaneously to the right = exergonic: energy-releasing If energy change is positive: spontaneously to the left = endergonic: energy-requiring ...
Mass-Mass Stoichiometry
... 72. Convert 2,500 Joules into….KiloJoules? calories? Calories? Random other stuff that might be useful 73. Find the molar mass of the following compounds. ...
... 72. Convert 2,500 Joules into….KiloJoules? calories? Calories? Random other stuff that might be useful 73. Find the molar mass of the following compounds. ...
CHEMISTRY 1710 - Practice Exam #2
... gaseous CCl4 at 76.8°C (the normal boiling point for CCl4). The specific heat of CCl4(l) is 0.857 J/(g · °C), its heat of fusion is 3.27 kJ/mol, and its heat of vaporization is 29.82 kJ/mol. ...
... gaseous CCl4 at 76.8°C (the normal boiling point for CCl4). The specific heat of CCl4(l) is 0.857 J/(g · °C), its heat of fusion is 3.27 kJ/mol, and its heat of vaporization is 29.82 kJ/mol. ...
Stoichiometry Review Package Answer Key
... The following questions are based on the material covered so far. I will post full answers on my website (https://blogs.ubc.ca/rchatrath/) halfway through spring break to give you time to do the questions on your own. Please attempt the questions by yourself. You will not learn by copying. Stoichiom ...
... The following questions are based on the material covered so far. I will post full answers on my website (https://blogs.ubc.ca/rchatrath/) halfway through spring break to give you time to do the questions on your own. Please attempt the questions by yourself. You will not learn by copying. Stoichiom ...
AP Chemistry 2013 Semester 1 Final Exam Review Problems
... mass; isotopes; atomic mass; periodic table basics; molecules, compounds and formulas; Ionic Compounds: formulas, names and properties; Molecular Compounds: formulas, names and properties; Formulas. 3. Natural carbon, which has an atomic mass of 12.011amu, consists of carbon-12 and carbon- 13 isotop ...
... mass; isotopes; atomic mass; periodic table basics; molecules, compounds and formulas; Ionic Compounds: formulas, names and properties; Molecular Compounds: formulas, names and properties; Formulas. 3. Natural carbon, which has an atomic mass of 12.011amu, consists of carbon-12 and carbon- 13 isotop ...
Lewis acid catalysis
In Lewis acid catalysis of organic reactions, a metal-based Lewis acid acts as an electron pair acceptor to increase the reactivity of a substrate. Common Lewis acid catalysts are based on main group metals such as aluminum, boron, silicon, and tin, as well as many early (titanium, zirconium) and late (iron, copper, zinc) d-block metals. The metal atom forms an adduct with a lone-pair bearing electronegative atom in the substrate, such as oxygen (both sp2 or sp3), nitrogen, sulfur, and halogens. The complexation has partial charge-transfer character and makes the lone-pair donor effectively more electronegative, activating the substrate toward nucleophilic attack, heterolytic bond cleavage, or cycloaddition with 1,3-dienes and 1,3-dipoles.Many classical reactions involving carbon–carbon or carbon–heteroatom bond formation can be catalyzed by Lewis acids. Examples include the Friedel-Crafts reaction, the aldol reaction, and various pericyclic processes that proceed slowly at room temperature, such as the Diels-Alder reaction and the ene reaction. In addition to accelerating the reactions, Lewis acid catalysts are able to impose regioselectivity and stereoselectivity in many cases.Early developments in Lewis acid reagents focused on easily available compounds such as TiCl4, BF3, SnCl4, and AlCl3. The relative strengths of these (and other) Lewis acids may be estimated from NMR spectroscopy by the Childs method or the Gutmann-Beckett method. Over the years, versatile catalysts bearing ligands designed for specific applications have facilitated improvement in both reactivity and selectivity of Lewis acid-catalyzed reactions. More recently, Lewis acid catalysts with chiral ligands have become an important class of tools for asymmetric catalysis.Challenges in the development of Lewis acid catalysis include inefficient catalyst turnover (caused by catalyst affinity for the product) and the frequent requirement of two-point binding for stereoselectivity, which often necessitates the use of auxiliary groups.