AP Chemistry - cloudfront.net
... 9.29 Using the periodic table only arrange the members of each of the following sets in order of increasing bond strength. (a) Br-Br, Cl-Cl, I-I; (b) S-H, S-Br, S-Cl; (c) C== N, C-N, C==N. 9.41 Using EN values, indicate the polarity of the following bonds with polar arrows, and determine the more po ...
... 9.29 Using the periodic table only arrange the members of each of the following sets in order of increasing bond strength. (a) Br-Br, Cl-Cl, I-I; (b) S-H, S-Br, S-Cl; (c) C== N, C-N, C==N. 9.41 Using EN values, indicate the polarity of the following bonds with polar arrows, and determine the more po ...
Chapter 6 ppt
... •The concentration of O2(g) will decrease. •The concentration of CO2(g) will increase. ...
... •The concentration of O2(g) will decrease. •The concentration of CO2(g) will increase. ...
KS4-Rates - Free Exam Papers
... bonds can be formed by a reaction with oxygen. 2. Once some of the bonds in one petrol molecule have been broken the subsequent reaction with oxygen gives out enough energy to break the bonds in several other petrol molecules - and so on. ...
... bonds can be formed by a reaction with oxygen. 2. Once some of the bonds in one petrol molecule have been broken the subsequent reaction with oxygen gives out enough energy to break the bonds in several other petrol molecules - and so on. ...
Balancing Equations
... How many….on the reactants side? On the products side Fe Fe O O The iron is not balanced to conserve mass. We have 1 on the left and 2 on the right, so we need to at a coefficient (small whole number that are placed in front of the formulas in an equation in order to balance it). So the equation wou ...
... How many….on the reactants side? On the products side Fe Fe O O The iron is not balanced to conserve mass. We have 1 on the left and 2 on the right, so we need to at a coefficient (small whole number that are placed in front of the formulas in an equation in order to balance it). So the equation wou ...
Unit 4, Lesson #3 - Patterson Science
... The value of Keq is determined experimentally. Chemists allow reactions to occur at stated temperatures, until the system no longer changes. At this point, they measure the amounts of both the reactants and products. Just as chemists monitor changes in pH, colour, gas pressure or conductivity of sol ...
... The value of Keq is determined experimentally. Chemists allow reactions to occur at stated temperatures, until the system no longer changes. At this point, they measure the amounts of both the reactants and products. Just as chemists monitor changes in pH, colour, gas pressure or conductivity of sol ...
EXAM 3
... a) Ag+(aq) + OH-(aq) ----------> AgOH(s) b) K+(aq) + NO3-(aq) ----------> KNO3(aq) c) Ag+(aq) + NO3-(aq) + K+(aq) + OH-(aq) ----------> AgOH(s) + KNO3(aq) d) Ag+(aq) + NO3-(aq) + K+(aq) + OH-(aq) ----------> AgOH(s) + K+(aq) + NO3-(aq) e) There is no net ionic equation for this complete formula equa ...
... a) Ag+(aq) + OH-(aq) ----------> AgOH(s) b) K+(aq) + NO3-(aq) ----------> KNO3(aq) c) Ag+(aq) + NO3-(aq) + K+(aq) + OH-(aq) ----------> AgOH(s) + KNO3(aq) d) Ag+(aq) + NO3-(aq) + K+(aq) + OH-(aq) ----------> AgOH(s) + K+(aq) + NO3-(aq) e) There is no net ionic equation for this complete formula equa ...
3.0 Hess`s Law
... • The basis for calculating enthalpies of reaction is known as Hess’s law: the overall enthalpy change in a reaction is equal to the sum of enthalpy changes for the individual steps in the process. • This means that the energy difference between reactants and products is independent of the route ta ...
... • The basis for calculating enthalpies of reaction is known as Hess’s law: the overall enthalpy change in a reaction is equal to the sum of enthalpy changes for the individual steps in the process. • This means that the energy difference between reactants and products is independent of the route ta ...
Introduction_to_Chemical_Reactions_2011
... thermo-chemists (see handout). • H0f = standard heat of formation for a compound (in kJ/mol). It is determined by forming the compound from its elements in their stable forms at conditions of 298K and 1 atm of pressure inside of a calorimeter. • For most compounds, H0f is negative because bond forma ...
... thermo-chemists (see handout). • H0f = standard heat of formation for a compound (in kJ/mol). It is determined by forming the compound from its elements in their stable forms at conditions of 298K and 1 atm of pressure inside of a calorimeter. • For most compounds, H0f is negative because bond forma ...
Acids
... 1. Essentials of pH 2. Acids vs. Bases and their sources -----Section 2 1. pH of Body Fluids – the #s 2. Methods of Maintaining proper pH ...
... 1. Essentials of pH 2. Acids vs. Bases and their sources -----Section 2 1. pH of Body Fluids – the #s 2. Methods of Maintaining proper pH ...
unit 7 – writing and balancing chemical equations
... (5) Balance the polyatomics next (IF THEY STAY TOGETHER—that is, if there are the same polyatomics on each side of the equation) by adding a coefficient in front of the entire compound. (not in the middle of the compound) (6) If the polyatomic comes apart OR if there is no polyatomic present, balanc ...
... (5) Balance the polyatomics next (IF THEY STAY TOGETHER—that is, if there are the same polyatomics on each side of the equation) by adding a coefficient in front of the entire compound. (not in the middle of the compound) (6) If the polyatomic comes apart OR if there is no polyatomic present, balanc ...
Year 9 Chemical Sciences Program Term 3 Course 2 2017
... Chemical reactions involve rearranging atoms to form new substances; during a chemical reaction mass is not created or destroyed. (ACSSU178) identifying reactants and products in chemical reactions modelling chemical reactions in terms of rearrangement of atoms describing observed reactions us ...
... Chemical reactions involve rearranging atoms to form new substances; during a chemical reaction mass is not created or destroyed. (ACSSU178) identifying reactants and products in chemical reactions modelling chemical reactions in terms of rearrangement of atoms describing observed reactions us ...
1 Chemical Reactions: Chemistry Word Equations • Write the names
... 2. Write the _______________________ equation. (Reactants on left, products on right, yield sign in between. If two or more reactants/products are involved, separate their formulas with plus signs. 3. Determine the number of ________________ of each element in the reactants and products. (Count poly ...
... 2. Write the _______________________ equation. (Reactants on left, products on right, yield sign in between. If two or more reactants/products are involved, separate their formulas with plus signs. 3. Determine the number of ________________ of each element in the reactants and products. (Count poly ...
File
... 65. The volume of 400 mL of chlorine gas at 400mmHg is decreased to 200mL at constant temperature. What is the new gas pressure? A. 400 mmHg B. 300 mmHg C. 800 mmHg D. 650 mmHg 66. If a sealed bag of chips is left in a hot car, what happens to the volume of bag? A. volume increases B. volume decreas ...
... 65. The volume of 400 mL of chlorine gas at 400mmHg is decreased to 200mL at constant temperature. What is the new gas pressure? A. 400 mmHg B. 300 mmHg C. 800 mmHg D. 650 mmHg 66. If a sealed bag of chips is left in a hot car, what happens to the volume of bag? A. volume increases B. volume decreas ...
200 Things to Know to Pass the Chemistry Regents
... form ions to obtain such a configuration of electrons. Which of the following atoms forms a stable ion that does not have an octet structure? Li F Na Cl 98. Covalent bonds form when two atoms share a pair of electrons. How many covalent bonds are found in a nitrogen (N2) molecule? 99. Ionic bonds fo ...
... form ions to obtain such a configuration of electrons. Which of the following atoms forms a stable ion that does not have an octet structure? Li F Na Cl 98. Covalent bonds form when two atoms share a pair of electrons. How many covalent bonds are found in a nitrogen (N2) molecule? 99. Ionic bonds fo ...
200 Ways to Pass the Chemistry
... form ions to obtain such a configuration of electrons. Which of the following atoms forms a stable ion that does not have an octet structure? Li F Na Cl 98. Covalent bonds form when two atoms share a pair of electrons. How many covalent bonds are found in a nitrogen (N2) molecule? 99. Ionic bonds fo ...
... form ions to obtain such a configuration of electrons. Which of the following atoms forms a stable ion that does not have an octet structure? Li F Na Cl 98. Covalent bonds form when two atoms share a pair of electrons. How many covalent bonds are found in a nitrogen (N2) molecule? 99. Ionic bonds fo ...
200things2know
... form ions to obtain such a configuration of electrons. Which of the following atoms forms a stable ion that does not have an octet structure? Li F Na Cl 98. Covalent bonds form when two atoms share a pair of electrons. How many covalent bonds are found in a nitrogen (N2) molecule? 99. Ionic bonds fo ...
... form ions to obtain such a configuration of electrons. Which of the following atoms forms a stable ion that does not have an octet structure? Li F Na Cl 98. Covalent bonds form when two atoms share a pair of electrons. How many covalent bonds are found in a nitrogen (N2) molecule? 99. Ionic bonds fo ...
rp oc4
... 5. Circle the lone pair electrons in the following dot formula of water. 6. With respect to bonds formed between the following pairs of atoms: • Determine the electronegativity difference. SHOW WORK! • Determine the probable bond type (ionic, polar covalent, or nonpolar covalent). • Assign partial ...
... 5. Circle the lone pair electrons in the following dot formula of water. 6. With respect to bonds formed between the following pairs of atoms: • Determine the electronegativity difference. SHOW WORK! • Determine the probable bond type (ionic, polar covalent, or nonpolar covalent). • Assign partial ...
Chapter 8: Chemical Bonding
... Hence: atoms tend to be surrounded by 8 valence e- - this is the reason that group 1 atoms form +1 ions, group 6 atoms form -2 ions, etc ...
... Hence: atoms tend to be surrounded by 8 valence e- - this is the reason that group 1 atoms form +1 ions, group 6 atoms form -2 ions, etc ...
Final Exam Review Guide
... 1. 4 variables describe a gas’ behavior: P, V, n and T. 2. Boyle, Charles and Gay-Lussac developed mathematical gas laws that are used to predict and calculate changes in gas properties. 3. At STP, one mole of any gas occupies a volume of 22.4 L. This is called the molar volume of a gas. Solutions U ...
... 1. 4 variables describe a gas’ behavior: P, V, n and T. 2. Boyle, Charles and Gay-Lussac developed mathematical gas laws that are used to predict and calculate changes in gas properties. 3. At STP, one mole of any gas occupies a volume of 22.4 L. This is called the molar volume of a gas. Solutions U ...
Chemical Reactions
... A catalyst speeds up the rate of a reaction by providing additional mechanism(s). Adding a catalyst allows for alternative pathways to be made, where the particles can be adsorbed onto the catalyst temporarily before being re-bonded into a new arrangement. The intended effect in adding a catalyst is ...
... A catalyst speeds up the rate of a reaction by providing additional mechanism(s). Adding a catalyst allows for alternative pathways to be made, where the particles can be adsorbed onto the catalyst temporarily before being re-bonded into a new arrangement. The intended effect in adding a catalyst is ...
model paper-1 - WordPress.com
... Write the IUPAC name of (CH3)3CCH2C(CH3)3 b) Alkane ‘A’ contains three C-C, eight C-H ϭ bonds and one C-C π bond. ‘A’ on ozonolysis gives two moles of an aldehyde of molar mass 44 amu. Write IUPAC name of ‘A’. c) How will you convert benzene into acetophenone? d) State Markovnikov’s rule. e) What ar ...
... Write the IUPAC name of (CH3)3CCH2C(CH3)3 b) Alkane ‘A’ contains three C-C, eight C-H ϭ bonds and one C-C π bond. ‘A’ on ozonolysis gives two moles of an aldehyde of molar mass 44 amu. Write IUPAC name of ‘A’. c) How will you convert benzene into acetophenone? d) State Markovnikov’s rule. e) What ar ...
Thermodynamics (Part 2)
... -tendency to move towards states that have higher probabilities of existing once the stopcock is opened, the bottom picture has a higher probability of occurring because there are more positions available ...
... -tendency to move towards states that have higher probabilities of existing once the stopcock is opened, the bottom picture has a higher probability of occurring because there are more positions available ...
Lewis acid catalysis
In Lewis acid catalysis of organic reactions, a metal-based Lewis acid acts as an electron pair acceptor to increase the reactivity of a substrate. Common Lewis acid catalysts are based on main group metals such as aluminum, boron, silicon, and tin, as well as many early (titanium, zirconium) and late (iron, copper, zinc) d-block metals. The metal atom forms an adduct with a lone-pair bearing electronegative atom in the substrate, such as oxygen (both sp2 or sp3), nitrogen, sulfur, and halogens. The complexation has partial charge-transfer character and makes the lone-pair donor effectively more electronegative, activating the substrate toward nucleophilic attack, heterolytic bond cleavage, or cycloaddition with 1,3-dienes and 1,3-dipoles.Many classical reactions involving carbon–carbon or carbon–heteroatom bond formation can be catalyzed by Lewis acids. Examples include the Friedel-Crafts reaction, the aldol reaction, and various pericyclic processes that proceed slowly at room temperature, such as the Diels-Alder reaction and the ene reaction. In addition to accelerating the reactions, Lewis acid catalysts are able to impose regioselectivity and stereoselectivity in many cases.Early developments in Lewis acid reagents focused on easily available compounds such as TiCl4, BF3, SnCl4, and AlCl3. The relative strengths of these (and other) Lewis acids may be estimated from NMR spectroscopy by the Childs method or the Gutmann-Beckett method. Over the years, versatile catalysts bearing ligands designed for specific applications have facilitated improvement in both reactivity and selectivity of Lewis acid-catalyzed reactions. More recently, Lewis acid catalysts with chiral ligands have become an important class of tools for asymmetric catalysis.Challenges in the development of Lewis acid catalysis include inefficient catalyst turnover (caused by catalyst affinity for the product) and the frequent requirement of two-point binding for stereoselectivity, which often necessitates the use of auxiliary groups.