CHEM WKST: EQUILIBRIUM / LE CHATELIER`S PRINCIPLE
... tell in which direction the equilibrium will shift for each of the following cases. a) Some H2O(g) is removed. shifts ← b) The temperature is increased. shifts ← c) An inert gas is added. no shift d) The pressure increases. shifts ← e) Some CO(g) is removed. shifts → f) The volume of the container i ...
... tell in which direction the equilibrium will shift for each of the following cases. a) Some H2O(g) is removed. shifts ← b) The temperature is increased. shifts ← c) An inert gas is added. no shift d) The pressure increases. shifts ← e) Some CO(g) is removed. shifts → f) The volume of the container i ...
SOLUBILITY RULES FOR IONIC COMPOUNDS IN WATER
... For each of the following disturbances, indicate (1) the direction the equilibrium will shift, and (2) whether the new equilibrium pressure of CO2 will be higher, lower, or remain the same. (a) A decrease in the volume of the reaction container (b) Addition of carbon dioxide gas at constant volume ( ...
... For each of the following disturbances, indicate (1) the direction the equilibrium will shift, and (2) whether the new equilibrium pressure of CO2 will be higher, lower, or remain the same. (a) A decrease in the volume of the reaction container (b) Addition of carbon dioxide gas at constant volume ( ...
Name - Madison County Schools
... E. Na is a very reactive element in Period 3, what element in Period 2 would be similar in its reactivity? Lithium (both are in group 1 – IA) F. Looking at Group 2 (IIA) which element would be the MOST reactive? Radium G. If a reaction is going to take place, which Halogen would you expect to react ...
... E. Na is a very reactive element in Period 3, what element in Period 2 would be similar in its reactivity? Lithium (both are in group 1 – IA) F. Looking at Group 2 (IIA) which element would be the MOST reactive? Radium G. If a reaction is going to take place, which Halogen would you expect to react ...
127 - Chimica
... 'H NMR), which was previously synthesized'" by photochemical hydrogenation of [Re2(CO)lo].The new method parallels that recently discovered8for the transformation of [Re4H6(CO)12]2into the unsaturated [Re4H5(CO),,]-. As in that case, the process can be reversed and treatment of the unsaturated speci ...
... 'H NMR), which was previously synthesized'" by photochemical hydrogenation of [Re2(CO)lo].The new method parallels that recently discovered8for the transformation of [Re4H6(CO)12]2into the unsaturated [Re4H5(CO),,]-. As in that case, the process can be reversed and treatment of the unsaturated speci ...
Unit_4_Notes_
... Chemical kinetics is the art of chemistry that deals with the speeds, or rates, of reactions. Reaction rates can range from microseconds to millions of years. There are 5 main factors that affect reaction rates – the book leaves out the first to be understood o Nature of the reactants: large, co ...
... Chemical kinetics is the art of chemistry that deals with the speeds, or rates, of reactions. Reaction rates can range from microseconds to millions of years. There are 5 main factors that affect reaction rates – the book leaves out the first to be understood o Nature of the reactants: large, co ...
CfE HIGHER CHEMISTRY Chemistry in Society
... poisonous to the environment and can easily be disposed of or put to other uses. ...
... poisonous to the environment and can easily be disposed of or put to other uses. ...
Competition for Electrons
... track of electrons based on the arbitrary assumption that shared electrons belong to the more electronegative element n Rules for assigning oxidation numbers q Oxidation numbers for atoms that are free elements are always zero q The oxidation numbers of ions are the same as the charge on the ion q S ...
... track of electrons based on the arbitrary assumption that shared electrons belong to the more electronegative element n Rules for assigning oxidation numbers q Oxidation numbers for atoms that are free elements are always zero q The oxidation numbers of ions are the same as the charge on the ion q S ...
CH. 3 - STOICHIOMETRY: CHEMICAL CALCULATIONS I. Molecular
... B. formula mass - sum of masses of atoms or ions present in a formula unit II. The Mole and Avogadro’s Number A. mole (mol) - amount of substance that contains as many elementary entities as there are atoms in exactly 12g of the carbon-12 isotope B. Avogadro’s number (NA) - 6.022 x 1023 C. molar mas ...
... B. formula mass - sum of masses of atoms or ions present in a formula unit II. The Mole and Avogadro’s Number A. mole (mol) - amount of substance that contains as many elementary entities as there are atoms in exactly 12g of the carbon-12 isotope B. Avogadro’s number (NA) - 6.022 x 1023 C. molar mas ...
Chapter 8
... decomposition, single-displacement, and doubledisplacement reactions. • Classify a reaction as a synthesis, decomposition, single-displacement, double-displacement, or combustion reaction. • List three kinds of synthesis reactions and six kinds of decomposition reactions. ...
... decomposition, single-displacement, and doubledisplacement reactions. • Classify a reaction as a synthesis, decomposition, single-displacement, double-displacement, or combustion reaction. • List three kinds of synthesis reactions and six kinds of decomposition reactions. ...
Test 8 Review
... which explains the behavior of all gases). This Ideal Gas Kinetic theory of gases (under ideal circumstances) model is based on the assumptions to the right, and can be 1. Gas are composed of particles that are in constant, rapid, random, linear motion. 2. Collisions between gas particles are elasti ...
... which explains the behavior of all gases). This Ideal Gas Kinetic theory of gases (under ideal circumstances) model is based on the assumptions to the right, and can be 1. Gas are composed of particles that are in constant, rapid, random, linear motion. 2. Collisions between gas particles are elasti ...
The representative Elements: Groups 1A – 4A
... 1. Atmospheric N2 is first reduced to NH3; 2. In bacterial cells, NH3 becomes NH4+, oxidized to NO2- and then to NO3-; 3. NH3, NH4+, and NO3- can be released into the surroundings (water or soils) and become available to plants; • Denitrifying bacteria (in soils) change NO3- back to NO2-, NH3, and f ...
... 1. Atmospheric N2 is first reduced to NH3; 2. In bacterial cells, NH3 becomes NH4+, oxidized to NO2- and then to NO3-; 3. NH3, NH4+, and NO3- can be released into the surroundings (water or soils) and become available to plants; • Denitrifying bacteria (in soils) change NO3- back to NO2-, NH3, and f ...
3. Chemical changes and Structure Unit Questions
... C the density decreases D the melting point increases. 18. Which equation represents the first ionisation energy of a diatomic element, X 2? A ½ X2(s) X+(g) B ½ X2(g) X–(g) C X(g) X+(g) D X(s) X–(g) 19. Which of the following equations represents the first ionisation energy of fluorine? A F– ...
... C the density decreases D the melting point increases. 18. Which equation represents the first ionisation energy of a diatomic element, X 2? A ½ X2(s) X+(g) B ½ X2(g) X–(g) C X(g) X+(g) D X(s) X–(g) 19. Which of the following equations represents the first ionisation energy of fluorine? A F– ...
thermochermistry ap - Mater Academy Lakes High School
... o Heat is energy that causes an object’s temperature to increase Joule is the SI unit for energy (1 J = 1 kg·m2/s2). It is small so we usually use kilojoules (kJ) o calorie (cal) is a non-SI unit but is often used ( 1 cal = 4.184 J ) A system refers to a specific area or reaction that we single ...
... o Heat is energy that causes an object’s temperature to increase Joule is the SI unit for energy (1 J = 1 kg·m2/s2). It is small so we usually use kilojoules (kJ) o calorie (cal) is a non-SI unit but is often used ( 1 cal = 4.184 J ) A system refers to a specific area or reaction that we single ...
KEY - Unit 10 - Practice Questions
... 40. According to Reference Table J, which of these metals will react most readily with 1.0 M HCl to produce H2(g)? (1) Ca (2) K (3) Mg (4) Zn 41. Under standard conditions, which metal will react with 0.1 M HCl to liberate hydrogen gas? (1) Ag (2) Au (3) Cu (4) Mg 42. Because tap water is slightly a ...
... 40. According to Reference Table J, which of these metals will react most readily with 1.0 M HCl to produce H2(g)? (1) Ca (2) K (3) Mg (4) Zn 41. Under standard conditions, which metal will react with 0.1 M HCl to liberate hydrogen gas? (1) Ag (2) Au (3) Cu (4) Mg 42. Because tap water is slightly a ...
Document
... because of a difference in temperature between the thermodynamic system and its surroundings. Heat flows spontaneously from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower temperature. • q is defined as positive if heat is absorbed by the system (heat is added to the system) • q is defined as ne ...
... because of a difference in temperature between the thermodynamic system and its surroundings. Heat flows spontaneously from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower temperature. • q is defined as positive if heat is absorbed by the system (heat is added to the system) • q is defined as ne ...
Introduction to Organic Chemistry Curriculum
... ended. Sometimes, EQs can be debated. A student’s answer to an EQ will help teachers determine if he/she truly understands. Consider having only one or two EQs per Enduring Understanding.) ...
... ended. Sometimes, EQs can be debated. A student’s answer to an EQ will help teachers determine if he/she truly understands. Consider having only one or two EQs per Enduring Understanding.) ...
Document
... (Note: This is a good time to talk about LeChatlier Pre-lab write-up.) Definition: If a stress is applied to a reaction mixture at equilibrium, a shift in the position of the equilibrium occurs in the direction that relieves the stress. 1. It predicts changes in the composition of an equilibrium mix ...
... (Note: This is a good time to talk about LeChatlier Pre-lab write-up.) Definition: If a stress is applied to a reaction mixture at equilibrium, a shift in the position of the equilibrium occurs in the direction that relieves the stress. 1. It predicts changes in the composition of an equilibrium mix ...
Chapter 1 - TamAPChemistryHart
... d) gasoline 15. A solid white substance A is heated strongly in the absence of air. It decomposes to form a new white substance B and a gas C. The gas has exactly the same properties as the product obtained when carbon is burned in an excess of oxygen. Based on these observations, can we determine w ...
... d) gasoline 15. A solid white substance A is heated strongly in the absence of air. It decomposes to form a new white substance B and a gas C. The gas has exactly the same properties as the product obtained when carbon is burned in an excess of oxygen. Based on these observations, can we determine w ...
File - Mr Weng`s IB Chemistry
... • Molecular self-assembly is the bottom-up assembly of nanoparticles and can occur by selectively attaching molecules to specific surfaces. Self-assembly can also occur spontaneously in solution. • Possible methods of producing nanotubes are arc discharge, chemical vapour deposition (CVD) and high p ...
... • Molecular self-assembly is the bottom-up assembly of nanoparticles and can occur by selectively attaching molecules to specific surfaces. Self-assembly can also occur spontaneously in solution. • Possible methods of producing nanotubes are arc discharge, chemical vapour deposition (CVD) and high p ...
Acid Base Equilibria
... weak base (or both) is dissolved in water. Water ionizes into negative hydroxyl ions (OH−) and positive hydrogen ions (H+), which become hydrated to form positive hydronium ions (H3O+). The salt also breaks up into positive and negative ions. For example, when sodium acetate is dissolved in water i ...
... weak base (or both) is dissolved in water. Water ionizes into negative hydroxyl ions (OH−) and positive hydrogen ions (H+), which become hydrated to form positive hydronium ions (H3O+). The salt also breaks up into positive and negative ions. For example, when sodium acetate is dissolved in water i ...
AP Chemistry Standards and Benchmarks
... These descriptive facts, including chemistry involved in environmental and societal issues, should not be isolated form the principles being studied but should be taught throughout the course to illustrate and illuminate the principles. The following areas should be covered: • chemical reactivity an ...
... These descriptive facts, including chemistry involved in environmental and societal issues, should not be isolated form the principles being studied but should be taught throughout the course to illustrate and illuminate the principles. The following areas should be covered: • chemical reactivity an ...
Thermochemistry
... Overview: We will learn and implement some familiar math to find ΔH for reactions of interest – this is Hess’ Law. Important fact: Enthalpy is an example of a State Function (see appendix / slide). This fact makes the math possible. Enthalpy as a state function: ‘It doesn’t matter how you get there ...
... Overview: We will learn and implement some familiar math to find ΔH for reactions of interest – this is Hess’ Law. Important fact: Enthalpy is an example of a State Function (see appendix / slide). This fact makes the math possible. Enthalpy as a state function: ‘It doesn’t matter how you get there ...
Lewis acid catalysis
In Lewis acid catalysis of organic reactions, a metal-based Lewis acid acts as an electron pair acceptor to increase the reactivity of a substrate. Common Lewis acid catalysts are based on main group metals such as aluminum, boron, silicon, and tin, as well as many early (titanium, zirconium) and late (iron, copper, zinc) d-block metals. The metal atom forms an adduct with a lone-pair bearing electronegative atom in the substrate, such as oxygen (both sp2 or sp3), nitrogen, sulfur, and halogens. The complexation has partial charge-transfer character and makes the lone-pair donor effectively more electronegative, activating the substrate toward nucleophilic attack, heterolytic bond cleavage, or cycloaddition with 1,3-dienes and 1,3-dipoles.Many classical reactions involving carbon–carbon or carbon–heteroatom bond formation can be catalyzed by Lewis acids. Examples include the Friedel-Crafts reaction, the aldol reaction, and various pericyclic processes that proceed slowly at room temperature, such as the Diels-Alder reaction and the ene reaction. In addition to accelerating the reactions, Lewis acid catalysts are able to impose regioselectivity and stereoselectivity in many cases.Early developments in Lewis acid reagents focused on easily available compounds such as TiCl4, BF3, SnCl4, and AlCl3. The relative strengths of these (and other) Lewis acids may be estimated from NMR spectroscopy by the Childs method or the Gutmann-Beckett method. Over the years, versatile catalysts bearing ligands designed for specific applications have facilitated improvement in both reactivity and selectivity of Lewis acid-catalyzed reactions. More recently, Lewis acid catalysts with chiral ligands have become an important class of tools for asymmetric catalysis.Challenges in the development of Lewis acid catalysis include inefficient catalyst turnover (caused by catalyst affinity for the product) and the frequent requirement of two-point binding for stereoselectivity, which often necessitates the use of auxiliary groups.