Chemistry Revision Guide - Mr Cartlidge`s Science Blog
... When the liquids being distilled have similar boiling points, normal distillation can’t separate them completely but simply gives a purer mixture. In this case a fractionating column is used. This provides a large surface area for condensation meaning much purer ‘fractions’ are produced. The most im ...
... When the liquids being distilled have similar boiling points, normal distillation can’t separate them completely but simply gives a purer mixture. In this case a fractionating column is used. This provides a large surface area for condensation meaning much purer ‘fractions’ are produced. The most im ...
Document
... Chromotrypsin binds a peptide here, forms a covalently modified acyl-chromotrysin; the acyl group is then released. In the case of chromotrypsin, the covalently modified intermediate here is an acyl coenzyme. 3. Metal ion – usually you have a transition metal at the active site. It kelates the subst ...
... Chromotrypsin binds a peptide here, forms a covalently modified acyl-chromotrysin; the acyl group is then released. In the case of chromotrypsin, the covalently modified intermediate here is an acyl coenzyme. 3. Metal ion – usually you have a transition metal at the active site. It kelates the subst ...
The Representative Elements: Group 5A Through 8A
... Although the first stable product of the process is ammonia, this is quickly incorporated into protein and other organic nitrogen compounds. Industrial Fixation Under great pressure, at a temperature of 300°C, and with the use of a catalyst, atmospheric nitrogen and hydrogen (usually derived from na ...
... Although the first stable product of the process is ammonia, this is quickly incorporated into protein and other organic nitrogen compounds. Industrial Fixation Under great pressure, at a temperature of 300°C, and with the use of a catalyst, atmospheric nitrogen and hydrogen (usually derived from na ...
Chemistry Chapter 12
... of the substances in the compound -can use this mole relationship to go from one substance to another -for this calculation it makes no difference if you are working with reactants or products -when the phrase "an excess of" is used in the wording of the problem, this simply means that not all of th ...
... of the substances in the compound -can use this mole relationship to go from one substance to another -for this calculation it makes no difference if you are working with reactants or products -when the phrase "an excess of" is used in the wording of the problem, this simply means that not all of th ...
APEF – Equilibrium and Reaction Rate Multiple Choice Answers
... 33. Analysis of a sample of HCl gas showed that when equilibrium was reached at a certain temperature, one half of the HCl molecules had dissociated into H2 and Cl2 molecules: 2HCl(g) ' H2(g) + Cl2(g) What is numerical value of the equilibrium constant at this temperature? A. 0.25 B. 0.50 C. 1.0 D. ...
... 33. Analysis of a sample of HCl gas showed that when equilibrium was reached at a certain temperature, one half of the HCl molecules had dissociated into H2 and Cl2 molecules: 2HCl(g) ' H2(g) + Cl2(g) What is numerical value of the equilibrium constant at this temperature? A. 0.25 B. 0.50 C. 1.0 D. ...
Thermochemistry
... Changes in matter are accompanied by a change in energy. Remember, nature is lazy!! Physical and chemical changes occur because that is the path of least resistance. The production and usage of energy that occurs in reactions have enormous impacts on society. People are making big bucks as they try ...
... Changes in matter are accompanied by a change in energy. Remember, nature is lazy!! Physical and chemical changes occur because that is the path of least resistance. The production and usage of energy that occurs in reactions have enormous impacts on society. People are making big bucks as they try ...
2.4 Chemical equilibria
... concentration on the position of equilibrium, eg extraction of methane from methane hydrate c. interpret the results of simple experiments to demonstrate the effect of a change of temperature, pressure and concentration on a system at equilibrium, eg i. iodine(I) chloride reacting with chlorine to f ...
... concentration on the position of equilibrium, eg extraction of methane from methane hydrate c. interpret the results of simple experiments to demonstrate the effect of a change of temperature, pressure and concentration on a system at equilibrium, eg i. iodine(I) chloride reacting with chlorine to f ...
Part II - American Chemical Society
... score on Part II. Testing materials, scratch paper, and the “Blue Book” should be made available to the student only during the examination period. All testing materials including scratch paper should be turned in and kept secure until April 21, 2002, after which tests can be returned to students an ...
... score on Part II. Testing materials, scratch paper, and the “Blue Book” should be made available to the student only during the examination period. All testing materials including scratch paper should be turned in and kept secure until April 21, 2002, after which tests can be returned to students an ...
AP Chemistry Summer Work
... 6.Naming for Formulas Prefixes used for naming binary compounds formed between nonmetals Rules for naming anions in a acidic formula Questions 2.11The radius of an atom of Krypton is about 1.9 A. a)Express this distance in nm and in pm. b)How many Krypton atoms would have to be a lined up to spa ...
... 6.Naming for Formulas Prefixes used for naming binary compounds formed between nonmetals Rules for naming anions in a acidic formula Questions 2.11The radius of an atom of Krypton is about 1.9 A. a)Express this distance in nm and in pm. b)How many Krypton atoms would have to be a lined up to spa ...
Document
... because of a difference in temperature between the thermodynamic system and its surroundings. Heat flows spontaneously from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower temperature. • q is defined as positive if heat is absorbed by the system (heat is added to the system) • q is defined as ne ...
... because of a difference in temperature between the thermodynamic system and its surroundings. Heat flows spontaneously from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower temperature. • q is defined as positive if heat is absorbed by the system (heat is added to the system) • q is defined as ne ...
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... From the balanced equation you can predict the quantity of tris(ethylenediamine)nickel(II) chloride that would be expected if the reaction went to completion. This quantity is called the theoretical yield and may be expressed in either grams or moles. Since most chemical reactions do not go to compl ...
... From the balanced equation you can predict the quantity of tris(ethylenediamine)nickel(II) chloride that would be expected if the reaction went to completion. This quantity is called the theoretical yield and may be expressed in either grams or moles. Since most chemical reactions do not go to compl ...
Semester 1 Final Exam
... 29. The general formula CnH2n describes the molecular composition of the hydrocarbon family known as the (A) alkadienes (B) alkanes (C) alkenes (D) alkynes 30. Structural formulas have advantages over molecular formulas because they show the (A) bonding arrangement of each carbon atom. (B) geometric ...
... 29. The general formula CnH2n describes the molecular composition of the hydrocarbon family known as the (A) alkadienes (B) alkanes (C) alkenes (D) alkynes 30. Structural formulas have advantages over molecular formulas because they show the (A) bonding arrangement of each carbon atom. (B) geometric ...
1. When the reaction Cu + HNO3 → Cu2+ + NO + H2O is balanced
... 50. In an electrolysis experiment 1.44 g of Ag was deposited from an aqueous AgNO3 solution, while 0.120 g of the metal X was deposited in another cell that contains aqueous XCl3 (connected in series with the AgNO3 cell.) The molar mass of X is –––– g/mol. A) 63.3 B) 108 C) 27.0 D) 31.8 ...
... 50. In an electrolysis experiment 1.44 g of Ag was deposited from an aqueous AgNO3 solution, while 0.120 g of the metal X was deposited in another cell that contains aqueous XCl3 (connected in series with the AgNO3 cell.) The molar mass of X is –––– g/mol. A) 63.3 B) 108 C) 27.0 D) 31.8 ...
AS CHECKLISTS File
... covalently-bonded atoms have different electronegativities, resulting in a polar bond. Describe intermolecular forces based on permanent dipoles, as in hydrogen chloride, and instantaneous dipoles (van der Waals’ forces), as in the noble gases. Describe hydrogen bonding, including the role of a lone ...
... covalently-bonded atoms have different electronegativities, resulting in a polar bond. Describe intermolecular forces based on permanent dipoles, as in hydrogen chloride, and instantaneous dipoles (van der Waals’ forces), as in the noble gases. Describe hydrogen bonding, including the role of a lone ...
Chapter 4 - WordPress.com
... Conservation of Mass in Chemical reactions • Atoms cannot be created or destroyed by ordinary chemical reactions. Therefore, all atoms which are reacting in a chemical reaction must also show up as a product of that reaction. • When there is an equal number of each type of atom on both sides of the ...
... Conservation of Mass in Chemical reactions • Atoms cannot be created or destroyed by ordinary chemical reactions. Therefore, all atoms which are reacting in a chemical reaction must also show up as a product of that reaction. • When there is an equal number of each type of atom on both sides of the ...
Chemistry Syllabus
... *****If your absence is unexcused then you will not be allowed to make up any missed test, labs or turn in any work.******* Website: Access is available through the CCA homepage or http://teachers.sduhsd.net/kshakeri/. I add my notes, handouts, practice AP test questions and any other forms I give o ...
... *****If your absence is unexcused then you will not be allowed to make up any missed test, labs or turn in any work.******* Website: Access is available through the CCA homepage or http://teachers.sduhsd.net/kshakeri/. I add my notes, handouts, practice AP test questions and any other forms I give o ...
Acids and Bases
... Hard acids/bases: hold electrons tightly and are not readily polarized Soft acids/bases: do not hold electrons tightly. Their valence electron cloud are easily distorted or polarized The HSAB principle: A hard acid prefers to combine with a hard base and a soft acid prefers to combine with a soft ba ...
... Hard acids/bases: hold electrons tightly and are not readily polarized Soft acids/bases: do not hold electrons tightly. Their valence electron cloud are easily distorted or polarized The HSAB principle: A hard acid prefers to combine with a hard base and a soft acid prefers to combine with a soft ba ...
chemistry
... 59 A gas sample consisting of 2 moles of hydrogen and 1 mole of oxygen is collected over water at 29°C and 750 torr. What is the partial pressure of the hydrogen in the sample? ...
... 59 A gas sample consisting of 2 moles of hydrogen and 1 mole of oxygen is collected over water at 29°C and 750 torr. What is the partial pressure of the hydrogen in the sample? ...
Molecular Geometry Why?
... is based on the premise that electrons around a central atom repel each other. Electron domains are areas of high electron density such as bonds (single, double or triple) and lone-pairs of electrons. In simple terms VSEPR means that all electron bonding domains and electron nonbonding domains aroun ...
... is based on the premise that electrons around a central atom repel each other. Electron domains are areas of high electron density such as bonds (single, double or triple) and lone-pairs of electrons. In simple terms VSEPR means that all electron bonding domains and electron nonbonding domains aroun ...
Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical Enhancing
... different synthetic endeavoures, as there is considerable formation of disubstituted product. Immiscibility of ionic liquid with different organic solvents, and their tendency to form biphasic media, could offer an excellent solution for this specific task. Keeping in mind good yields of monotetrahyd ...
... different synthetic endeavoures, as there is considerable formation of disubstituted product. Immiscibility of ionic liquid with different organic solvents, and their tendency to form biphasic media, could offer an excellent solution for this specific task. Keeping in mind good yields of monotetrahyd ...
Open questions (66 points total
... There are 2 optical isomers of 2-chloropentane: a R-isomer and a S-isomer. There are also 2 optical isomers of 2-methoxypentane. If only (optical active) R-2-chloropentane reacts with a solution of sodium methanolate in methanol, both optical isomers of 2-methoxypentane are formed. As it turns out, ...
... There are 2 optical isomers of 2-chloropentane: a R-isomer and a S-isomer. There are also 2 optical isomers of 2-methoxypentane. If only (optical active) R-2-chloropentane reacts with a solution of sodium methanolate in methanol, both optical isomers of 2-methoxypentane are formed. As it turns out, ...
Chapter 7 Review
... For the reaction CO(g) + 2 H2(g) <---> CH3OH(g) + heat; [CO(g)] = 0.025 mol/L, [H2(g) ] = 0.050 mol/L and [CH3OH(g)] = 0.0063 mol/L a) b) ...
... For the reaction CO(g) + 2 H2(g) <---> CH3OH(g) + heat; [CO(g)] = 0.025 mol/L, [H2(g) ] = 0.050 mol/L and [CH3OH(g)] = 0.0063 mol/L a) b) ...
Lewis acid catalysis
In Lewis acid catalysis of organic reactions, a metal-based Lewis acid acts as an electron pair acceptor to increase the reactivity of a substrate. Common Lewis acid catalysts are based on main group metals such as aluminum, boron, silicon, and tin, as well as many early (titanium, zirconium) and late (iron, copper, zinc) d-block metals. The metal atom forms an adduct with a lone-pair bearing electronegative atom in the substrate, such as oxygen (both sp2 or sp3), nitrogen, sulfur, and halogens. The complexation has partial charge-transfer character and makes the lone-pair donor effectively more electronegative, activating the substrate toward nucleophilic attack, heterolytic bond cleavage, or cycloaddition with 1,3-dienes and 1,3-dipoles.Many classical reactions involving carbon–carbon or carbon–heteroatom bond formation can be catalyzed by Lewis acids. Examples include the Friedel-Crafts reaction, the aldol reaction, and various pericyclic processes that proceed slowly at room temperature, such as the Diels-Alder reaction and the ene reaction. In addition to accelerating the reactions, Lewis acid catalysts are able to impose regioselectivity and stereoselectivity in many cases.Early developments in Lewis acid reagents focused on easily available compounds such as TiCl4, BF3, SnCl4, and AlCl3. The relative strengths of these (and other) Lewis acids may be estimated from NMR spectroscopy by the Childs method or the Gutmann-Beckett method. Over the years, versatile catalysts bearing ligands designed for specific applications have facilitated improvement in both reactivity and selectivity of Lewis acid-catalyzed reactions. More recently, Lewis acid catalysts with chiral ligands have become an important class of tools for asymmetric catalysis.Challenges in the development of Lewis acid catalysis include inefficient catalyst turnover (caused by catalyst affinity for the product) and the frequent requirement of two-point binding for stereoselectivity, which often necessitates the use of auxiliary groups.