CHAPTER 4: AQUEOUS REACTIONS AND SOLUTION
... When ionic compounds dissolve in water the ions separate and are surrounded by water molecules. Once the ions have separated, they can move and conduct electricity. In the crystalline form they cannot move or conduct electricity. The solvation process helps stabilize the ions in solution and prevent ...
... When ionic compounds dissolve in water the ions separate and are surrounded by water molecules. Once the ions have separated, they can move and conduct electricity. In the crystalline form they cannot move or conduct electricity. The solvation process helps stabilize the ions in solution and prevent ...
Exam 1
... In pure water at 5oC the hydroxide ion concentration is measured to be 4.0 × 10–8 M. The Kw and pH of pure water at this temperature will be, respectively, A. 1.0 × 10–14 and 7.0 B. 1.0 × 10–14 and 6.6 C. 1.6 × 10–15 and 7.0 D. 1.6 × 10–15 and 7.4 Question 15 When two mole of an organic compound is ...
... In pure water at 5oC the hydroxide ion concentration is measured to be 4.0 × 10–8 M. The Kw and pH of pure water at this temperature will be, respectively, A. 1.0 × 10–14 and 7.0 B. 1.0 × 10–14 and 6.6 C. 1.6 × 10–15 and 7.0 D. 1.6 × 10–15 and 7.4 Question 15 When two mole of an organic compound is ...
Chemical Equations
... topic of oxidation and reduction, oxidation numbers, half-reactions, and electrochemistry which we won't go into here, except to outline the steps. In the method of half-reactions, you first break down the reaction into the unbalanced oxidation and reduction half-reactions. Then you balance each hal ...
... topic of oxidation and reduction, oxidation numbers, half-reactions, and electrochemistry which we won't go into here, except to outline the steps. In the method of half-reactions, you first break down the reaction into the unbalanced oxidation and reduction half-reactions. Then you balance each hal ...
Chem152
... 49. What is the molecular formula for lactic acid if the percent composition is 40.00% C, 6.71% H, 53.29% O, and the approximate molar mass is 90 g/mol? A) CHO B) CH2O C) CHO2 D) C3H6O3 E) C6HO8 50. How many atoms of nickel equal a mass of 58.69 g? A) 1 B) 27 C) 58.69 D) 59 E) 6.02 × 1023 51. How ma ...
... 49. What is the molecular formula for lactic acid if the percent composition is 40.00% C, 6.71% H, 53.29% O, and the approximate molar mass is 90 g/mol? A) CHO B) CH2O C) CHO2 D) C3H6O3 E) C6HO8 50. How many atoms of nickel equal a mass of 58.69 g? A) 1 B) 27 C) 58.69 D) 59 E) 6.02 × 1023 51. How ma ...
1. What is the best definition of rate of reaction? A. The time it takes
... 0.244 dm3 mol–1 s–1 at 750 °C. A sample of N2O of concentration 0.200 mol dm–3 is allowed to decompose. Calculate the rate when 10 % of the N2O has reacted. ...
... 0.244 dm3 mol–1 s–1 at 750 °C. A sample of N2O of concentration 0.200 mol dm–3 is allowed to decompose. Calculate the rate when 10 % of the N2O has reacted. ...
Spontaneity, Entropy, and Gibbs Free Energy
... Gibb’s Free Energy & Spontaneity So far, we have used ∆S to predict the spontaneity of a process However, Gibb’s Free Energy is also related to spontaneity and is especially useful in dealing with the temperature dependence of spontaneity If ∆G is negative, the FORWARD reaction is spontaneous ...
... Gibb’s Free Energy & Spontaneity So far, we have used ∆S to predict the spontaneity of a process However, Gibb’s Free Energy is also related to spontaneity and is especially useful in dealing with the temperature dependence of spontaneity If ∆G is negative, the FORWARD reaction is spontaneous ...
Chapter1 - WilsonChemWiki
... Chemical symbols: are one or two letter abbreviations for the names of the elements. The Periodic Table: is made of groups (vertical lines) and periods (horizontal lines). Groups: there are 18 groups which are classified to two parts: 1. Representative elements: are called the “A” groups, and numb ...
... Chemical symbols: are one or two letter abbreviations for the names of the elements. The Periodic Table: is made of groups (vertical lines) and periods (horizontal lines). Groups: there are 18 groups which are classified to two parts: 1. Representative elements: are called the “A” groups, and numb ...
Final review packet
... 1. Compare the parts of an atom based on location, charge and mass: - proton - neutron - electron 2. Define: - isotope - ion - atomic number - mass number - atomic mass unit 3. How many neutrons does U-238 have? 4. Write isotope notation for the particle that contains 17 neutrons and 15 protons. 5. ...
... 1. Compare the parts of an atom based on location, charge and mass: - proton - neutron - electron 2. Define: - isotope - ion - atomic number - mass number - atomic mass unit 3. How many neutrons does U-238 have? 4. Write isotope notation for the particle that contains 17 neutrons and 15 protons. 5. ...
Chemistry - Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University
... A) Introduction and structure of carbonyl group. B) Synthesis of benzaldehyde: 1) Gattermann synthesis; 2) Gattermann Koch synthesis. C) Synthesis of acetophenone: 1) From benzene, 2) From 1-phenylethanol D) Physical properties of benzaldehyde and acetophenone. E) Reactions: i) Addition of (a) hydro ...
... A) Introduction and structure of carbonyl group. B) Synthesis of benzaldehyde: 1) Gattermann synthesis; 2) Gattermann Koch synthesis. C) Synthesis of acetophenone: 1) From benzene, 2) From 1-phenylethanol D) Physical properties of benzaldehyde and acetophenone. E) Reactions: i) Addition of (a) hydro ...
Part One: Ions in Aqueous Solution A. Electrolytes and Non
... Titration = process in which a solution of one reactant (the titrant) is carefully added to a solution of another reactant. Volume of titrant required for complete reaction is ...
... Titration = process in which a solution of one reactant (the titrant) is carefully added to a solution of another reactant. Volume of titrant required for complete reaction is ...
Practice Qs - Unit 10 Acid Base
... (1) rate of a chemical reaction (2) heat of a chemical reaction (3) concentration of a solution (4) boiling point of a solution 61. Which volume of 0.10 M NaOH(aq) exactly neutralizes 15.0 milliliters of 0.20 M HNO3(aq)? ...
... (1) rate of a chemical reaction (2) heat of a chemical reaction (3) concentration of a solution (4) boiling point of a solution 61. Which volume of 0.10 M NaOH(aq) exactly neutralizes 15.0 milliliters of 0.20 M HNO3(aq)? ...
Example 7.1: The following decomposition was studied at a given
... Rate [NO]2 Rate [O2] Thus the reaction is 1st order with respect to O2(g) but 2nd order with respect to NO(g). The overall rate can thus be expressed as Rate [NO]2 [O2] The overall order is three, the sum of the individual reactant orders. ...
... Rate [NO]2 Rate [O2] Thus the reaction is 1st order with respect to O2(g) but 2nd order with respect to NO(g). The overall rate can thus be expressed as Rate [NO]2 [O2] The overall order is three, the sum of the individual reactant orders. ...
SOL Review Part 3 Nomenclature reactions
... Step 3: Place remaining electrons on the outside atoms to fulfill octet rule ...
... Step 3: Place remaining electrons on the outside atoms to fulfill octet rule ...
www.tutor-homework.com (for tutoring, homework help, or help with
... c. an electron can have either particle character or wave character. d. the wavelength and mass of a subatomic particle are related by é = h/mv. e. both the position of an electron and its momentum cannot be known simultaneously very accurately. ...
... c. an electron can have either particle character or wave character. d. the wavelength and mass of a subatomic particle are related by é = h/mv. e. both the position of an electron and its momentum cannot be known simultaneously very accurately. ...
Chapter 2: Chemical Basis of Life
... at the basic principles of chemistry as they apply to life processes. In fact, it is almost impossible to speak of either the components or the processes of living things without using the biochemist's terms. For example, 96% of the human body is made up of just four major elements. Chemical reactio ...
... at the basic principles of chemistry as they apply to life processes. In fact, it is almost impossible to speak of either the components or the processes of living things without using the biochemist's terms. For example, 96% of the human body is made up of just four major elements. Chemical reactio ...
SATL-POC - Systematic Approach to Teaching
... • Carboxylic group (-COOH) is the easiest functional group to detect by infrared spectroscopy since this group can be considered as being formed from C=O and O-H units. The absorption of O-H stretching appears as a broad band near 3000 cm-1. The νC=O stretching absorption in aliphatic acids occurs a ...
... • Carboxylic group (-COOH) is the easiest functional group to detect by infrared spectroscopy since this group can be considered as being formed from C=O and O-H units. The absorption of O-H stretching appears as a broad band near 3000 cm-1. The νC=O stretching absorption in aliphatic acids occurs a ...
Chemical Reactions Chemistry - is the study of matter, its properties
... Many chemicals can be hazardous to human health or the environment if they are not handled safely. There are a variety of symbols used to identify hazardous chemicals. Many household products are labeled with Hazardous Household Product Symbols (HHPS). Dangerous materials in the workplace are labele ...
... Many chemicals can be hazardous to human health or the environment if they are not handled safely. There are a variety of symbols used to identify hazardous chemicals. Many household products are labeled with Hazardous Household Product Symbols (HHPS). Dangerous materials in the workplace are labele ...
Chapter 4: Reaction Stoichiometry Reaction Stoichiometry
... 2) Determine how much 0.125 M sulfuric acid is needed (in mL) to react with 22.5 g of aluminum. 3) Determine how much of the elemental product is liberated in that ...
... 2) Determine how much 0.125 M sulfuric acid is needed (in mL) to react with 22.5 g of aluminum. 3) Determine how much of the elemental product is liberated in that ...
CHEMISTRY 102 Spring 2012 Hour Exam III Page 20 1. For the
... a) Addition of PCl3 to the container will shift the equilibrium toward formation of more PCl5. b) An increase in temperature will shift the equilibrium toward formation of more PCl3. c) A decrease in the volume of the container will shift the equilibrium toward formation of more PCl5. d) Addition of ...
... a) Addition of PCl3 to the container will shift the equilibrium toward formation of more PCl5. b) An increase in temperature will shift the equilibrium toward formation of more PCl3. c) A decrease in the volume of the container will shift the equilibrium toward formation of more PCl5. d) Addition of ...
International Journal of
... Benzoxazole is a heterocyclic organic compound that has benzene fused with oxazole ring containing one oxygen atom and one nitrogen atom. It is a clear to yellowish low melting solid, insoluble in water. Benzoxazole finds use in research as a starting material for the s ...
... Benzoxazole is a heterocyclic organic compound that has benzene fused with oxazole ring containing one oxygen atom and one nitrogen atom. It is a clear to yellowish low melting solid, insoluble in water. Benzoxazole finds use in research as a starting material for the s ...
solutions - chem.msu.su
... acid. Bile acids and conjugates participate in the formation of micelles with food lipids. In this case, the non-polar fragments of the conjugates are oriented inside the micelles and contact with triacylglycerides, and the ionogenic groups are exposed towards intestinal lumen, leading to fat drople ...
... acid. Bile acids and conjugates participate in the formation of micelles with food lipids. In this case, the non-polar fragments of the conjugates are oriented inside the micelles and contact with triacylglycerides, and the ionogenic groups are exposed towards intestinal lumen, leading to fat drople ...
Theoretical Competition - Austrian Chemistry Olympiad
... B. Analysis of a boron compound Boron forms with phosphorus the binary compounds BP and B12P2. BP is generated at 900-1000°C from boron and white phosphorus P4. It is an extremely hard, chemically inert, and heat resistant substance. It exhibits a zinc blende structure: the boron atoms form a cubic ...
... B. Analysis of a boron compound Boron forms with phosphorus the binary compounds BP and B12P2. BP is generated at 900-1000°C from boron and white phosphorus P4. It is an extremely hard, chemically inert, and heat resistant substance. It exhibits a zinc blende structure: the boron atoms form a cubic ...
CHEM WKST: EQUILIBRIUM / LE CHATELIER`S PRINCIPLE
... tell in which direction the equilibrium will shift for each of the following cases. a) Some H2O(g) is removed. shifts ← b) The temperature is increased. shifts ← c) An inert gas is added. no shift d) The pressure increases. shifts ← e) Some CO(g) is removed. shifts → f) The volume of the container i ...
... tell in which direction the equilibrium will shift for each of the following cases. a) Some H2O(g) is removed. shifts ← b) The temperature is increased. shifts ← c) An inert gas is added. no shift d) The pressure increases. shifts ← e) Some CO(g) is removed. shifts → f) The volume of the container i ...
Lewis acid catalysis
In Lewis acid catalysis of organic reactions, a metal-based Lewis acid acts as an electron pair acceptor to increase the reactivity of a substrate. Common Lewis acid catalysts are based on main group metals such as aluminum, boron, silicon, and tin, as well as many early (titanium, zirconium) and late (iron, copper, zinc) d-block metals. The metal atom forms an adduct with a lone-pair bearing electronegative atom in the substrate, such as oxygen (both sp2 or sp3), nitrogen, sulfur, and halogens. The complexation has partial charge-transfer character and makes the lone-pair donor effectively more electronegative, activating the substrate toward nucleophilic attack, heterolytic bond cleavage, or cycloaddition with 1,3-dienes and 1,3-dipoles.Many classical reactions involving carbon–carbon or carbon–heteroatom bond formation can be catalyzed by Lewis acids. Examples include the Friedel-Crafts reaction, the aldol reaction, and various pericyclic processes that proceed slowly at room temperature, such as the Diels-Alder reaction and the ene reaction. In addition to accelerating the reactions, Lewis acid catalysts are able to impose regioselectivity and stereoselectivity in many cases.Early developments in Lewis acid reagents focused on easily available compounds such as TiCl4, BF3, SnCl4, and AlCl3. The relative strengths of these (and other) Lewis acids may be estimated from NMR spectroscopy by the Childs method or the Gutmann-Beckett method. Over the years, versatile catalysts bearing ligands designed for specific applications have facilitated improvement in both reactivity and selectivity of Lewis acid-catalyzed reactions. More recently, Lewis acid catalysts with chiral ligands have become an important class of tools for asymmetric catalysis.Challenges in the development of Lewis acid catalysis include inefficient catalyst turnover (caused by catalyst affinity for the product) and the frequent requirement of two-point binding for stereoselectivity, which often necessitates the use of auxiliary groups.