Answer Set 3
... 2. a. The P:O ratio is equal to the product of (H+/2e-) and (P/H+). Note that the P:O ratio is identical with the P:2e- ratio. (Note also that the P/H+ ratio depends on the number of subunits in the ATP synthase collar, and this may vary among organisms.) b. 2.5 and 1.5 respectively. H+ energy grad ...
... 2. a. The P:O ratio is equal to the product of (H+/2e-) and (P/H+). Note that the P:O ratio is identical with the P:2e- ratio. (Note also that the P/H+ ratio depends on the number of subunits in the ATP synthase collar, and this may vary among organisms.) b. 2.5 and 1.5 respectively. H+ energy grad ...
Bacterial Fermentation
... sulfate-reducing or methanogenic organisms (carbon dioxide). In respiring organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic, most of the energy is produced by electron transport phosphorylation. This is in contrast to fermentations, in which most of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is synthesized by substrate l ...
... sulfate-reducing or methanogenic organisms (carbon dioxide). In respiring organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic, most of the energy is produced by electron transport phosphorylation. This is in contrast to fermentations, in which most of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is synthesized by substrate l ...
Oxidation of Pyruvate and the Citric Acid Cycle
... that reduce NAD+ to NADH and release carboxyl groups that form CO2 molecules. α-Ketoglutarate is the product of step three, and a succinyl group is the product of step four. CoA binds the succinyl group to form succinyl CoA. The enzyme that catalyzes step four is regulated by feedback inhibition of ...
... that reduce NAD+ to NADH and release carboxyl groups that form CO2 molecules. α-Ketoglutarate is the product of step three, and a succinyl group is the product of step four. CoA binds the succinyl group to form succinyl CoA. The enzyme that catalyzes step four is regulated by feedback inhibition of ...
Human Physiology An Integrated Approach 6/E
... The human body is not a closed system, however. As an open system, it exchanges materials and energy with its surroundings. Because our bodies cannot create energy, they import it from outside in the form of food. By the same token, our bodies lose energy, especially in the form of heat, to the envi ...
... The human body is not a closed system, however. As an open system, it exchanges materials and energy with its surroundings. Because our bodies cannot create energy, they import it from outside in the form of food. By the same token, our bodies lose energy, especially in the form of heat, to the envi ...
Bio1A - Lec 10 slides File
... causes proteins to pump H+ from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space • H+ then moves back across the membrane, passing through channels in ATP synthase • ATP synthase uses the exergonic flow of H+ to drive phosphorylation of ATP • This is an example of chemiosmosis, the use of energy ...
... causes proteins to pump H+ from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space • H+ then moves back across the membrane, passing through channels in ATP synthase • ATP synthase uses the exergonic flow of H+ to drive phosphorylation of ATP • This is an example of chemiosmosis, the use of energy ...
Cell Energy - Kuliah FTSL
... • Cells require a constant source of energy for life processes but keep only a small amount of ATP on hand. Cells can regenerate ATP as needed by using the energy stored in foods like glucose. • The energy stored in glucose by photosynthesis is released by cellular respiration and repackaged into t ...
... • Cells require a constant source of energy for life processes but keep only a small amount of ATP on hand. Cells can regenerate ATP as needed by using the energy stored in foods like glucose. • The energy stored in glucose by photosynthesis is released by cellular respiration and repackaged into t ...
BS 11 First Mid-Term Answer Key Spring 1998
... Circle the residue(s) which is likely to be phosphorylated. Ans: The E. Of these amino acids, only the Glu is a good nucleophile. (2 pt) L) Mutation of S195, H57 and D102 of chymotrypsin to alanine residues yields an enzyme that enhances proteolysis rates by ~5x104 over the uncatalyzed reaction. The ...
... Circle the residue(s) which is likely to be phosphorylated. Ans: The E. Of these amino acids, only the Glu is a good nucleophile. (2 pt) L) Mutation of S195, H57 and D102 of chymotrypsin to alanine residues yields an enzyme that enhances proteolysis rates by ~5x104 over the uncatalyzed reaction. The ...
2.8 Respiration
... The latter process generates most of the ATP is called oxidative phosphorylation because it is powered by redox reactions ...
... The latter process generates most of the ATP is called oxidative phosphorylation because it is powered by redox reactions ...
Jeopardy - Student Resources Home Page
... oxygen is used to synthesize sugars. carbon dioxide is used to synthesize sugars. ADP is formed. light is required. ...
... oxygen is used to synthesize sugars. carbon dioxide is used to synthesize sugars. ADP is formed. light is required. ...
ATP production in isolated mitochondria of procyclic Trypanosoma
... when it is combined with digitonin extraction of whole cells (see Subheading 3.1), since this allows rapid analysis of multiple samples using low cell numbers only (5, 9). Low concentrations of the detergent digitonin selectively permeabilize the cell membrane but leave (at least the inner) mitochon ...
... when it is combined with digitonin extraction of whole cells (see Subheading 3.1), since this allows rapid analysis of multiple samples using low cell numbers only (5, 9). Low concentrations of the detergent digitonin selectively permeabilize the cell membrane but leave (at least the inner) mitochon ...
Monday 10-1 Lecture 1 Q: Thanks for podcasting How can one not
... No, but you should be able to recognize them. There is a big difference between recognizing a structure that has been shown to you and drawing one on a blank page. Although there there might be “tricky” ways to make it difficult for people to recognize a structure (like adding an extra –CH2- to the ...
... No, but you should be able to recognize them. There is a big difference between recognizing a structure that has been shown to you and drawing one on a blank page. Although there there might be “tricky” ways to make it difficult for people to recognize a structure (like adding an extra –CH2- to the ...
Document
... 24) Many defined growth media that support microbial growth lack malonate, which is an important precursor for biosynthesis of lipid membranes. Based on this, we can infer cells also must have a metabolic pathway to generate malonate from other compounds. Answer: TRUE Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Ch ...
... 24) Many defined growth media that support microbial growth lack malonate, which is an important precursor for biosynthesis of lipid membranes. Based on this, we can infer cells also must have a metabolic pathway to generate malonate from other compounds. Answer: TRUE Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Ch ...
Fundamentals: Bioenergetics and Enzyme Function
... 10. Which of the two mitochondrial membranes in most selective to transport between the cytosol and mitochondri? 11. What would the pH be like between the two mitochondrial membranes? Apart from oxidative phosphorylation, what else might this proton gradient be used for (Think !! I did not directly ...
... 10. Which of the two mitochondrial membranes in most selective to transport between the cytosol and mitochondri? 11. What would the pH be like between the two mitochondrial membranes? Apart from oxidative phosphorylation, what else might this proton gradient be used for (Think !! I did not directly ...
CHAPTER I
... The configuration of Be 1s2 2s2.All elements of Group 2A have electron configurations [electrons of preceding rare gas + ns2], where n is the period in which the element is found in the periodic table. At boron (Group ЗА) you first encounter an element in the block of elements on the right side of t ...
... The configuration of Be 1s2 2s2.All elements of Group 2A have electron configurations [electrons of preceding rare gas + ns2], where n is the period in which the element is found in the periodic table. At boron (Group ЗА) you first encounter an element in the block of elements on the right side of t ...
Digestible carbohydrates
... due to occlusion of blood vessels by the muscular contraction that decreases oxygen 3-Cornea, lens and some parts of retina which have a limited blood supply and lack mitochondria which if present would absorb and scatter light interfering with transparency. ...
... due to occlusion of blood vessels by the muscular contraction that decreases oxygen 3-Cornea, lens and some parts of retina which have a limited blood supply and lack mitochondria which if present would absorb and scatter light interfering with transparency. ...
Overview of Metabolism - Chapter 4 - Formatted
... The sum total of all the catabolic and anabolic reactions that the products of digestion and absorption now undergo in the cells of the body collectively constitute the phenomenon of metabolism. Every cell in a living organism works like an industrial organization. It is in a state of dynamic equili ...
... The sum total of all the catabolic and anabolic reactions that the products of digestion and absorption now undergo in the cells of the body collectively constitute the phenomenon of metabolism. Every cell in a living organism works like an industrial organization. It is in a state of dynamic equili ...
Glycolysis
... 6.5. In the first step of the reaction Glu-165 acts as a general base abstracting the proton from the C3 position of DHAP. The general acid catalyst protonating the carbonyl group is His-95. The result is the enediol intermediate. His-95 then functions as a general base abstracting the hydrogen from ...
... 6.5. In the first step of the reaction Glu-165 acts as a general base abstracting the proton from the C3 position of DHAP. The general acid catalyst protonating the carbonyl group is His-95. The result is the enediol intermediate. His-95 then functions as a general base abstracting the hydrogen from ...
The Central Role of Acetyl-CoA
... • Energy is produced by oxidation of molecular fuels small molecules derived from carbohydrates, lipids, proteins • The oxidation uses oxidised forms of coenzymes ultimately producing CO2, H2O and stored energy • Energy is stored directly as ATP or as reduced forms of coenzymes that ultimately reduc ...
... • Energy is produced by oxidation of molecular fuels small molecules derived from carbohydrates, lipids, proteins • The oxidation uses oxidised forms of coenzymes ultimately producing CO2, H2O and stored energy • Energy is stored directly as ATP or as reduced forms of coenzymes that ultimately reduc ...
Glucose-6-P to Fructose-6-P
... One of best characterized pathways Characterized in the first half of 20th century Glucose --> 2 pyruvates + energy Strategy add phosphoryl groups to glucose convert phosphorylated intermediates into compounds with high phosphate group-transfer potentials couple the subsequent hydrolysis of reactive ...
... One of best characterized pathways Characterized in the first half of 20th century Glucose --> 2 pyruvates + energy Strategy add phosphoryl groups to glucose convert phosphorylated intermediates into compounds with high phosphate group-transfer potentials couple the subsequent hydrolysis of reactive ...
Glucose-6-P to Fructose-6-P
... One of best characterized pathways Characterized in the first half of 20th century Glucose --> 2 pyruvates + energy Strategy add phosphoryl groups to glucose convert phosphorylated intermediates into compounds with high phosphate group-transfer potentials couple the subsequent hydrolysis of reactive ...
... One of best characterized pathways Characterized in the first half of 20th century Glucose --> 2 pyruvates + energy Strategy add phosphoryl groups to glucose convert phosphorylated intermediates into compounds with high phosphate group-transfer potentials couple the subsequent hydrolysis of reactive ...
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle and Related Enzymes in Cell
... by cell-free extracts only in the presence of added artificial electron acceptors such as methylene blue, menadione, phenazine methosulphate etc. The results with extracts prepared either by grinding or by sonic treatment were similar. Hence in all subsequent experiments sonic extracts were used. Th ...
... by cell-free extracts only in the presence of added artificial electron acceptors such as methylene blue, menadione, phenazine methosulphate etc. The results with extracts prepared either by grinding or by sonic treatment were similar. Hence in all subsequent experiments sonic extracts were used. Th ...
Membrane Transport - Bioenergetics and Cell Metabolism
... faster than in the absence of a catalyst, but slower than with channels. A carrier transports only one or few solute molecules per conformational cycle. ...
... faster than in the absence of a catalyst, but slower than with channels. A carrier transports only one or few solute molecules per conformational cycle. ...
lecture1
... having acidity and a basicity comparable to that of water is a neutral solvent, while one with a stronger acidity and weaker basicity than water is called a protogenic solvent. A solvent with weaker basicity and stronger acidity than water is called a protophilic solvent. Solvents with relatively st ...
... having acidity and a basicity comparable to that of water is a neutral solvent, while one with a stronger acidity and weaker basicity than water is called a protogenic solvent. A solvent with weaker basicity and stronger acidity than water is called a protophilic solvent. Solvents with relatively st ...