13-Krebs cycle
... is an organic compound with the molecular formula C4H6O5. It is a dicarboxylic acid that is made by all living organisms, contributes to the pleasantly sour taste of fruits, and is used as a food additive. The malate anion is an intermediate in the citric acid cycle. ...
... is an organic compound with the molecular formula C4H6O5. It is a dicarboxylic acid that is made by all living organisms, contributes to the pleasantly sour taste of fruits, and is used as a food additive. The malate anion is an intermediate in the citric acid cycle. ...
13-Krebs cycle
... is an organic compound with the molecular formula C4H6O5. It is a dicarboxylic acid that is made by all living organisms, contributes to the pleasantly sour taste of fruits, and is used as a food additive. The malate anion is an intermediate in the citric acid cycle. ...
... is an organic compound with the molecular formula C4H6O5. It is a dicarboxylic acid that is made by all living organisms, contributes to the pleasantly sour taste of fruits, and is used as a food additive. The malate anion is an intermediate in the citric acid cycle. ...
Towards a molecular understanding of adaptive thermogenesis
... control adaptive thermogenesis. The presence of the adipocytederived hormone leptin and neuropeptides, both of which regulate energy balance in the hypothalamus, is further evidence for regulation of thermogenesis by the brain and is discussed in detail in the review by Schwartz et al., pp. 661–671. ...
... control adaptive thermogenesis. The presence of the adipocytederived hormone leptin and neuropeptides, both of which regulate energy balance in the hypothalamus, is further evidence for regulation of thermogenesis by the brain and is discussed in detail in the review by Schwartz et al., pp. 661–671. ...
mitochondria
... NADH and FADH2, respectively. Most of the energy derived from oxidative metabolism is then produced by the process ofoxidative phosphorylation (discussed in detail in the next section), which takes place in the inner mitochondrial membrane. The high-energy electrons from NADH and FADH2 are transferr ...
... NADH and FADH2, respectively. Most of the energy derived from oxidative metabolism is then produced by the process ofoxidative phosphorylation (discussed in detail in the next section), which takes place in the inner mitochondrial membrane. The high-energy electrons from NADH and FADH2 are transferr ...
Bioinspired Detection of Light Using a Porphyrin
... from the SWNTs to the porphyrin, creating a chargeseparated species. The much longer process indicated by the tilt most likely arises from a spatial rearrangement of the resulting charged porphyrin along the surface of the SWNTs, thus altering the geometry of the scattering sites and slightly increa ...
... from the SWNTs to the porphyrin, creating a chargeseparated species. The much longer process indicated by the tilt most likely arises from a spatial rearrangement of the resulting charged porphyrin along the surface of the SWNTs, thus altering the geometry of the scattering sites and slightly increa ...
Raven/Johnson Biology 8e Chapter 7 – Answers 1. An autotroph is
... D. Answer d is incorrect. Cellular respiration involves a complex series of redox reactions. The use of multiple small reactions allows the cell to capture the energy stored in the glucose molecules. 6. The majority of the ATP produced during aerobic respiration is made by— a. the electrons carried ...
... D. Answer d is incorrect. Cellular respiration involves a complex series of redox reactions. The use of multiple small reactions allows the cell to capture the energy stored in the glucose molecules. 6. The majority of the ATP produced during aerobic respiration is made by— a. the electrons carried ...
Raven/Johnson Biology 8e
... D. Answer d is incorrect. Cellular respiration involves a complex series of redox reactions. The use of multiple small reactions allows the cell to capture the energy stored in the glucose molecules. 6. The majority of the ATP produced during aerobic respiration is made by— a. the electrons carried ...
... D. Answer d is incorrect. Cellular respiration involves a complex series of redox reactions. The use of multiple small reactions allows the cell to capture the energy stored in the glucose molecules. 6. The majority of the ATP produced during aerobic respiration is made by— a. the electrons carried ...
Chapter 3—Thermodynamics of Biological Systems MULTIPLE
... b. Open systems can exchange matter with other open systems. c. Open systems can exchange matter with a closed system. d. The internal energy of an open system is always constant. e. A closed system can accept heat from an isolated system. ANS: B ...
... b. Open systems can exchange matter with other open systems. c. Open systems can exchange matter with a closed system. d. The internal energy of an open system is always constant. e. A closed system can accept heat from an isolated system. ANS: B ...
Human Physiology - Orange Coast College
... delivered to the liver. LDH converts lactic acid to pyruvic acid. Pyruvic acid converted to glucose-6phosphate: Intermediate for glycogen. Converted to free glucose. Gluconeogenesis: conversion to noncarbohydrate molecules through pyruvic acid to glucose. ...
... delivered to the liver. LDH converts lactic acid to pyruvic acid. Pyruvic acid converted to glucose-6phosphate: Intermediate for glycogen. Converted to free glucose. Gluconeogenesis: conversion to noncarbohydrate molecules through pyruvic acid to glucose. ...
Generation of adenosine tri-phosphate in Leishmania
... quantities of succinic acid and other organic acids into their environment (Rainey and MacKenzie 1991). Michels et al. (1979) in their “energy recycling model” proposed that electrogenic efflux of these organic end products via ion symport systems might lead to the generation of an electrochemical i ...
... quantities of succinic acid and other organic acids into their environment (Rainey and MacKenzie 1991). Michels et al. (1979) in their “energy recycling model” proposed that electrogenic efflux of these organic end products via ion symport systems might lead to the generation of an electrochemical i ...
chapter 1 introduction: themes in the study of life
... 3. Growth and Development. Heritable programs stored in DNA direct the species-specific pattern of growth and development. 4. Energy Utilization. Organisms take in and transform energy to do work, including the maintenance of their ordered state. 5. Response to Environment. Organisms respond to stim ...
... 3. Growth and Development. Heritable programs stored in DNA direct the species-specific pattern of growth and development. 4. Energy Utilization. Organisms take in and transform energy to do work, including the maintenance of their ordered state. 5. Response to Environment. Organisms respond to stim ...
Production of lactic acid
... running race. The athletes run at a pace that hovers around their metabolic threshold, and they can only afford to run faster than this pace near the end of the race. If they increase their pace too early in the race, then they fatigue too early and need to slow down to below their metabolic thresho ...
... running race. The athletes run at a pace that hovers around their metabolic threshold, and they can only afford to run faster than this pace near the end of the race. If they increase their pace too early in the race, then they fatigue too early and need to slow down to below their metabolic thresho ...
Focus Issue on Plastid Biology Update Novel
... From here most electrons are transferred by the enzyme ferredoxin-NADP-oxido-reductase (FNR) to NADP+ generating NADPH + H+. By this means the electrons cross a redox potential difference of about 1.13 V in total which is strong enough to fuel all subsequent redox-dependent reactions in the cell. T ...
... From here most electrons are transferred by the enzyme ferredoxin-NADP-oxido-reductase (FNR) to NADP+ generating NADPH + H+. By this means the electrons cross a redox potential difference of about 1.13 V in total which is strong enough to fuel all subsequent redox-dependent reactions in the cell. T ...
Unit F214/01 - Communication, homeostasis and energy
... Suggest why the researchers concluded that the data obtained from Study E was not useful in evaluating the effectiveness of the herbicide. ...
... Suggest why the researchers concluded that the data obtained from Study E was not useful in evaluating the effectiveness of the herbicide. ...
RESPIRATION IN PLANTS
... broken down in the cytosol of the cell and only a small fraction of energy is captured as ATP for use by the cell. In aerobic respiration the reactions of anaerobic respiration are followed by an oxygen requiring process that releases much larger quantity of energy in the form of ATP. This occurs in ...
... broken down in the cytosol of the cell and only a small fraction of energy is captured as ATP for use by the cell. In aerobic respiration the reactions of anaerobic respiration are followed by an oxygen requiring process that releases much larger quantity of energy in the form of ATP. This occurs in ...
Photorespiration plays an important role in the regulation of
... 2002; Flexas and Medrano, 2002). Therefore, if fluctuating light levels restrict gm , then An likely tends to be limited by RuBP carboxylation. Photorespiration, an inevitable process in photosynthesis, plays a supporting role in photosynthetic CO2 assimilation (Timm et al., 2012; Busch et al., 2013 ...
... 2002; Flexas and Medrano, 2002). Therefore, if fluctuating light levels restrict gm , then An likely tends to be limited by RuBP carboxylation. Photorespiration, an inevitable process in photosynthesis, plays a supporting role in photosynthetic CO2 assimilation (Timm et al., 2012; Busch et al., 2013 ...
The Energy Requirement for Growth: An A ~ ~ lication of
... are 2 and 3 , respectively. NADPH is valued at 4 ATP Eq because the energy-linked transhydrogenase, catalyzing the transfer of hydrogen from NADH t o NADP, requires an additional ATP (1 5). The formation of 1 peptide bond will be considered t o proceed a t the expense of 5 ATP Eq. This figure is sub ...
... are 2 and 3 , respectively. NADPH is valued at 4 ATP Eq because the energy-linked transhydrogenase, catalyzing the transfer of hydrogen from NADH t o NADP, requires an additional ATP (1 5). The formation of 1 peptide bond will be considered t o proceed a t the expense of 5 ATP Eq. This figure is sub ...
Adenylate Energy Charge during Batch Culture of
... neutralized carefully (to pH 7.3) with saturated KOH/2 M-Tris base/water (30 :60: 10,by vol.). After centrifuging (3000 g; 15 min; 4 "C), the supernatant fractions were retained and stored at -22 "C for a maximum of 48 h. Samples (I ml) collected for the determination of extracellular adenine nucleo ...
... neutralized carefully (to pH 7.3) with saturated KOH/2 M-Tris base/water (30 :60: 10,by vol.). After centrifuging (3000 g; 15 min; 4 "C), the supernatant fractions were retained and stored at -22 "C for a maximum of 48 h. Samples (I ml) collected for the determination of extracellular adenine nucleo ...
Chapter Eleven - Wright State University
... Note that it takes energy to pump protons from a region of low concentration to one of high concentration. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. ...
... Note that it takes energy to pump protons from a region of low concentration to one of high concentration. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. ...
Energy and Muscle Contraction
... Glycolysis, however, is not cellular respiration. Glycolysis does not occur in the mitochondria, but in the cytoplasm. Therefore it is possible that glycolysis may be accelerated independently of oxygen delivery. When ATP production occurs independent of oxygen, it is said to be anaerobic. ...
... Glycolysis, however, is not cellular respiration. Glycolysis does not occur in the mitochondria, but in the cytoplasm. Therefore it is possible that glycolysis may be accelerated independently of oxygen delivery. When ATP production occurs independent of oxygen, it is said to be anaerobic. ...
Lab 5 Sugar Fermentation in Yeast
... reactions (e.g. growth and repair processes, active transport, etc.). All organisms (i.e. monerans, protists, fungi, plants, and animals) utilize aerobic respiration and/or fermentation (anaerobic respiration) to produce ATP to power their cellular processes. Note that ethanol is a by-product of alc ...
... reactions (e.g. growth and repair processes, active transport, etc.). All organisms (i.e. monerans, protists, fungi, plants, and animals) utilize aerobic respiration and/or fermentation (anaerobic respiration) to produce ATP to power their cellular processes. Note that ethanol is a by-product of alc ...
finalcarbohydrat met..
... B. It is activated by chloride ions (cl-). C. It acts on cooked starch and glycogen breaking α 1-4 bonds, converting them into maltose [a disaccharide containing two glucose molecules attached by α 1-4 linkage]. This bond is not attacked by -amylase. Because both starch and glycogen also contain 1-6 ...
... B. It is activated by chloride ions (cl-). C. It acts on cooked starch and glycogen breaking α 1-4 bonds, converting them into maltose [a disaccharide containing two glucose molecules attached by α 1-4 linkage]. This bond is not attacked by -amylase. Because both starch and glycogen also contain 1-6 ...
Carbohydrate Metabolism
... B. It is activated by chloride ions (cl-). C. It acts on cooked starch and glycogen breaking α 1-4 bonds, converting them into maltose [a disaccharide containing two glucose molecules attached by α 1-4 linkage]. This bond is not attacked by -amylase. Because both starch and glycogen also contain 1-6 ...
... B. It is activated by chloride ions (cl-). C. It acts on cooked starch and glycogen breaking α 1-4 bonds, converting them into maltose [a disaccharide containing two glucose molecules attached by α 1-4 linkage]. This bond is not attacked by -amylase. Because both starch and glycogen also contain 1-6 ...