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Sucrose is used for respiration, storage or construction. Plants
Sucrose is used for respiration, storage or construction. Plants

... stroma. Most of the TCA cycle occurs in the matrix and ATP synthesis occurs in the matrix. To make ATP, the electron transport chain drives H+ out of the matrix into the ...
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Xe + Y → X + Ye - Sonoma Valley High School

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... In the absence of oxygen the energy stored as NADH is used to produce ethanol. In this process only 3% of the energy available in glucose is obtained in 2 moles of ATP formed per mole of glucose. 13% of the energy goes off as heat and 84% is present in the 2 moles of ethanol formed. ...
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L7c RESPIRATION Ch9 etc regulation

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Name Date Ch 7 – Cellular Respiration and Fermentation (Biology
Name Date Ch 7 – Cellular Respiration and Fermentation (Biology

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Cell Respiration DiagramSkit WS NEW

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Multiple Choice – Answers go on the Scantron

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Intermediary Metabolism - PBL-J-2015

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(pt=4) Label the following diagram with the following terms: ATP

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Introduction to: Cellular Respiration

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11.17.11.ATP.synthase

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Cellular Respiration

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Photosynthesis

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< 1 ... 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 ... 286 >

Light-dependent reactions

In photosynthesis, the light-dependent reactions take place on the thylakoid membranes. The inside of the thylakoid membrane is called the lumen, and outside the thylakoid membrane is the stroma, where the light-independent reactions take place. The thylakoid membrane contains some integral membrane protein complexes that catalyze the light reactions. There are four major protein complexes in the thylakoid membrane: Photosystem II (PSII), Cytochrome b6f complex, Photosystem I (PSI), and ATP synthase. These four complexes work together to ultimately create the products ATP and NADPH.[.The two photosystems absorb light energy through pigments - primarily the chlorophylls, which are responsible for the green color of leaves. The light-dependent reactions begin in photosystem II. When a chlorophyll a molecule within the reaction center of PSII absorbs a photon, an electron in this molecule attains a higher energy level. Because this state of an electron is very unstable, the electron is transferred from one to another molecule creating a chain of redox reactions, called an electron transport chain (ETC). The electron flow goes from PSII to cytochrome b6f to PSI. In PSI, the electron gets the energy from another photon. The final electron acceptor is NADP. In oxygenic photosynthesis, the first electron donor is water, creating oxygen as a waste product. In anoxygenic photosynthesis various electron donors are used.Cytochrome b6f and ATP synthase work together to create ATP. This process is called photophosphorylation, which occurs in two different ways. In non-cyclic photophosphorylation, cytochrome b6f uses the energy of electrons from PSII to pump protons from the stroma to the lumen. The proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane creates a proton-motive force, used by ATP synthase to form ATP. In cyclic photophosphorylation, cytochrome b6f uses the energy of electrons from not only PSII but also PSI to create more ATP and to stop the production of NADPH. Cyclic phosphorylation is important to create ATP and maintain NADPH in the right proportion for the light-independent reactions.The net-reaction of all light-dependent reactions in oxygenic photosynthesis is:2H2O + 2NADP+ + 3ADP + 3Pi → O2 + 2NADPH + 3ATPThe two photosystems are protein complexes that absorb photons and are able to use this energy to create an electron transport chain. Photosystem I and II are very similar in structure and function. They use special proteins, called light-harvesting complexes, to absorb the photons with very high effectiveness. If a special pigment molecule in a photosynthetic reaction center absorbs a photon, an electron in this pigment attains the excited state and then is transferred to another molecule in the reaction center. This reaction, called photoinduced charge separation, is the start of the electron flow and is unique because it transforms light energy into chemical forms.
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