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Laboratory 11
Laboratory 11

... The product of PCR amplification is a large number of copies of the sequence targeted by the primers used. When the genomic DNA that is used as a template for PCR is from a mixture of bacterial species, then the PCR product will consist of many different, but similar, sequences. The length of the pr ...
Chapter 25: Molecular Basis of Inheritance
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DNA TEST

... 18. The DNA of a certain organism has cytosine as 22% of its bases. What percentage of the bases are thymine? a) 28% b) 78% c) 50% d) 22% 19. Semi conservative replication means that a) Sometimes DNA can replicate and sometimes it cannot, this accounts for aging b) Sometimes newly made DNA molecules ...
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... extracted as previously described.20 The cfDNA was subsequently converted to digital sequence libraries as previously described.20 These digital libraries were amplified and subsequently enriched for target genes using biotinylated custom baits of RNA probed following paired-end sequencing by HiSeq2 ...
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发现次级代谢途径特异性转录调控因子

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Protein Synthesis

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Lecture Presentation to accompany Principles of Life

< 1 ... 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 ... 652 >

Molecular cloning



Molecular cloning is a set of experimental methods in molecular biology that are used to assemble recombinant DNA molecules and to direct their replication within host organisms. The use of the word cloning refers to the fact that the method involves the replication of one molecule to produce a population of cells with identical DNA molecules. Molecular cloning generally uses DNA sequences from two different organisms: the species that is the source of the DNA to be cloned, and the species that will serve as the living host for replication of the recombinant DNA. Molecular cloning methods are central to many contemporary areas of modern biology and medicine.In a conventional molecular cloning experiment, the DNA to be cloned is obtained from an organism of interest, then treated with enzymes in the test tube to generate smaller DNA fragments. Subsequently, these fragments are then combined with vector DNA to generate recombinant DNA molecules. The recombinant DNA is then introduced into a host organism (typically an easy-to-grow, benign, laboratory strain of E. coli bacteria). This will generate a population of organisms in which recombinant DNA molecules are replicated along with the host DNA. Because they contain foreign DNA fragments, these are transgenic or genetically modified microorganisms (GMO). This process takes advantage of the fact that a single bacterial cell can be induced to take up and replicate a single recombinant DNA molecule. This single cell can then be expanded exponentially to generate a large amount of bacteria, each of which contain copies of the original recombinant molecule. Thus, both the resulting bacterial population, and the recombinant DNA molecule, are commonly referred to as ""clones"". Strictly speaking, recombinant DNA refers to DNA molecules, while molecular cloning refers to the experimental methods used to assemble them.
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