Transcription is the synthesis of RNA under the direction of DNA
... HIV has an RNA genome that is duplicated into DNA. The resulting DNA can be merged with the DNA genome of the host cell. The main enzyme responsible for synthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called reverse transcriptase. In the case of HIV, reverse transcriptase is responsible for synthesizing a ...
... HIV has an RNA genome that is duplicated into DNA. The resulting DNA can be merged with the DNA genome of the host cell. The main enzyme responsible for synthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called reverse transcriptase. In the case of HIV, reverse transcriptase is responsible for synthesizing a ...
The Non-LTR Retrotransposon Rex3 from the Fish Xiphophorus is
... Introduction Fishes make up more than half of the 48,000 species of living vertebrates. They should therefore possess genetic tools for speciation-associated genome evolution. Transposons may be one of the factors fulfilling this function due to their ability to move within genomes, to generate muta ...
... Introduction Fishes make up more than half of the 48,000 species of living vertebrates. They should therefore possess genetic tools for speciation-associated genome evolution. Transposons may be one of the factors fulfilling this function due to their ability to move within genomes, to generate muta ...
Complete Elimination of Endosymbiotic Algae from Paramecium
... produce algae-free paramecia by treating green paramecia with a herbicide, paraquat (Hosoya et al. 1995). We have shown that an appropriate exposure of P. bursaria to paraquat produces symbiotic algae-free strains without cellular damage or physiological distortion of cell division and conjugation. ...
... produce algae-free paramecia by treating green paramecia with a herbicide, paraquat (Hosoya et al. 1995). We have shown that an appropriate exposure of P. bursaria to paraquat produces symbiotic algae-free strains without cellular damage or physiological distortion of cell division and conjugation. ...
Transformation Lab - Towson University
... Bacterial transformation serves as an essential basis to a number of DNA technologies. In transformation, bacteria take up exogenous (foreign) DNA and produce the genetic products (proteins) encoded in the foreign DNA. Transformation enables inexpensive and reliable production of important medical p ...
... Bacterial transformation serves as an essential basis to a number of DNA technologies. In transformation, bacteria take up exogenous (foreign) DNA and produce the genetic products (proteins) encoded in the foreign DNA. Transformation enables inexpensive and reliable production of important medical p ...
Construction and Characterization of a Highly Regulable Expression
... pKK223-3, pKK233-2, pTrc99A, and the pET family of expression vectors. These vectors were designed to be regulable and can be grown under conditions that repress protein production or under conditions that induce protein production. Unfortunately, however, numerous researchers have found that these ...
... pKK223-3, pKK233-2, pTrc99A, and the pET family of expression vectors. These vectors were designed to be regulable and can be grown under conditions that repress protein production or under conditions that induce protein production. Unfortunately, however, numerous researchers have found that these ...
An Experimental Program for Introducing First
... Even though introducing the student to a wide variety of topics is integral to any education, it can also have its pitfalls. “New approaches to the teaching of biology at all levels must emphasize the conceptual framework of biology, reduce the excessive terminology that characterizes so many course ...
... Even though introducing the student to a wide variety of topics is integral to any education, it can also have its pitfalls. “New approaches to the teaching of biology at all levels must emphasize the conceptual framework of biology, reduce the excessive terminology that characterizes so many course ...
Analysis of clones carrying repeated DNA sequences in two YAC
... coordinates of the YAC clones which hybridized to chloroplast DNA with the coordinates of clones which had been mapped previously on to chromosome 4 and the top half of chromosome 5 using RFLP markers as probes (Hwang eta/., 1991; Schmidt etal., unpublished results). One-hundred-and-ninety-five clon ...
... coordinates of the YAC clones which hybridized to chloroplast DNA with the coordinates of clones which had been mapped previously on to chromosome 4 and the top half of chromosome 5 using RFLP markers as probes (Hwang eta/., 1991; Schmidt etal., unpublished results). One-hundred-and-ninety-five clon ...
Constitutive expression of catABC genes in the aniline
... bacter sp. mA3 [11], a p-nitrophenol-assimilating phototrophic bacterium [12] and a phenol-assimilating bacterium Acinetobacter radioresistens S13 [13]. However, the level of constitutive synthesis of the CatAs was markedly low, and the constitutive enzyme production was not characterized. On the ot ...
... bacter sp. mA3 [11], a p-nitrophenol-assimilating phototrophic bacterium [12] and a phenol-assimilating bacterium Acinetobacter radioresistens S13 [13]. However, the level of constitutive synthesis of the CatAs was markedly low, and the constitutive enzyme production was not characterized. On the ot ...
A molecular method for assessing meiofauna diversity in marine
... Sediment samples were collected from East Beach at Fort DeSoto Park, St. Petersburg, FL, in 1.5mL microcentrifuge tubes and stored at -80°C. DNA was extracted from the sediment using an SDS-based extraction buffer and series of phenol, phenolchloroform, and chloroform extractions, and ethanol-precip ...
... Sediment samples were collected from East Beach at Fort DeSoto Park, St. Petersburg, FL, in 1.5mL microcentrifuge tubes and stored at -80°C. DNA was extracted from the sediment using an SDS-based extraction buffer and series of phenol, phenolchloroform, and chloroform extractions, and ethanol-precip ...
Horizontal, agarose systems
... Transilluminator. Easy access to the gel The gel cassette is designed to open with Invitrogen’s Gel Knife, so that the gel inside can be accessed readily for excision of specific bands or transferred to a membrane for Southern blot analysis. Nucleic acid markers The room-temperature stable, ready-to ...
... Transilluminator. Easy access to the gel The gel cassette is designed to open with Invitrogen’s Gel Knife, so that the gel inside can be accessed readily for excision of specific bands or transferred to a membrane for Southern blot analysis. Nucleic acid markers The room-temperature stable, ready-to ...
Similarities: Differences Differences
... been discovered in the ocean - dominant form of life below 300 meters in the oceans! ...
... been discovered in the ocean - dominant form of life below 300 meters in the oceans! ...
Protein and DNA sequence determinants of
... relationship between the optimal growth temperature (OGT, Topt) of prokaryotes and the compositions of their complete proteomes and compositions and pairwise nearestneighbor correlations in their genomes. First, our goal is to find the sets of amino acids and nucleotides whose total content in a pro ...
... relationship between the optimal growth temperature (OGT, Topt) of prokaryotes and the compositions of their complete proteomes and compositions and pairwise nearestneighbor correlations in their genomes. First, our goal is to find the sets of amino acids and nucleotides whose total content in a pro ...
NOCARDIA sp. INDONESIAN VOLCANIC SOIL DESAK GEDE SRI ANDAYANI , ELIN YULINAH SUKANDAR
... Microorganisms that grow in extreme environments such as volcanic area have way of self-defense in order to survive its life. Nocardia sp. is one genus of this group which can find in volcanic soil will appear to be the most promising source of the future antibiotics. Ways in which microorganisms am ...
... Microorganisms that grow in extreme environments such as volcanic area have way of self-defense in order to survive its life. Nocardia sp. is one genus of this group which can find in volcanic soil will appear to be the most promising source of the future antibiotics. Ways in which microorganisms am ...
Exercise 8: Forensic Genetics/ Human Phenotypes
... separates molecules based on their charge, size and shape (Figures 1,2, and 3). The basic outline of the process is as follows. First, a gel is prepared by dissolving agarose (a gelatin-like substance) by boiling in an appropriate buffer. The melted agarose is poured into a tray and allowed to cool ...
... separates molecules based on their charge, size and shape (Figures 1,2, and 3). The basic outline of the process is as follows. First, a gel is prepared by dissolving agarose (a gelatin-like substance) by boiling in an appropriate buffer. The melted agarose is poured into a tray and allowed to cool ...
IJBT 10(2) 235-237
... Gene tool were compared with molecular size marker and recorded. PCR amplification of exon 4 of CSN3 locus was carried out in 50 Zalawadi goat breed. PCR amplified product was observed as 645 bp (Fig. 1). The band sizes were judged by Gene tool and comparing with molecular size marker and recorded t ...
... Gene tool were compared with molecular size marker and recorded. PCR amplification of exon 4 of CSN3 locus was carried out in 50 Zalawadi goat breed. PCR amplified product was observed as 645 bp (Fig. 1). The band sizes were judged by Gene tool and comparing with molecular size marker and recorded t ...
Specific oligonucleotide primers for detection of endoglucanase
... endoglucanase gene of B. subtilis, G. stearothermophilus and P. campinasensis. Two PCR primers, EN1F and EN1R, were chosen that were predicted to specifically amplify a 1,311 bpDNA fragment of the B. Subtilis, G. stearothermophilus and P. campinasensis. The Genbank database (NCBI) search for complim ...
... endoglucanase gene of B. subtilis, G. stearothermophilus and P. campinasensis. Two PCR primers, EN1F and EN1R, were chosen that were predicted to specifically amplify a 1,311 bpDNA fragment of the B. Subtilis, G. stearothermophilus and P. campinasensis. The Genbank database (NCBI) search for complim ...
Question bank in Biology class XII
... 6. Name the host cell that produces a foreign gene product? What is the product called? 7. How can bacterial DNA be released from the bacterial cell for biotechnology experiments. 8. Mention the uses of cloning vector in biotechnology. 9. Why do DNA- fragments move towards the anode during gel elec ...
... 6. Name the host cell that produces a foreign gene product? What is the product called? 7. How can bacterial DNA be released from the bacterial cell for biotechnology experiments. 8. Mention the uses of cloning vector in biotechnology. 9. Why do DNA- fragments move towards the anode during gel elec ...
Bacterial disease resistance of transgenic hybrid poplar expressing
... from untransformed poplar. Positive amplification of the ubi7D4E1-nos expression cassette was obtained with DNA extracted from transgenic clones. The D4E1 gene-specific fragment of 349 bp was present only in transgenic trees, and no amplification was observed for the non-transformed control or the c ...
... from untransformed poplar. Positive amplification of the ubi7D4E1-nos expression cassette was obtained with DNA extracted from transgenic clones. The D4E1 gene-specific fragment of 349 bp was present only in transgenic trees, and no amplification was observed for the non-transformed control or the c ...
Identifying Unknown Bacteria Using Biochemical
... presence of that particular enzyme(s). Each positive result is used in generating a five-digit number. This five-digit number, or “biocode,” can then be looked up in either the Enterotube or Oxi/Ferm tube code book, as appropriate; the number will correspond to a species of bacteria that produces th ...
... presence of that particular enzyme(s). Each positive result is used in generating a five-digit number. This five-digit number, or “biocode,” can then be looked up in either the Enterotube or Oxi/Ferm tube code book, as appropriate; the number will correspond to a species of bacteria that produces th ...
An improved technique for isolating codominant compound
... SSR markers, this approach substantially reduced the cost of developing codominant markers and analyzing their polymorphism. We have demonstrated this technique for Dendropanax trifidus and easily developed 11 codominant markers with high polymorphism for D. trifidus. Use of the technique for succes ...
... SSR markers, this approach substantially reduced the cost of developing codominant markers and analyzing their polymorphism. We have demonstrated this technique for Dendropanax trifidus and easily developed 11 codominant markers with high polymorphism for D. trifidus. Use of the technique for succes ...
Separation of DNA Restriction Fragments by Ion
... plays a central role in DNA research. However, when used for preparative purposes electrophoresis has two particularly serious drawbacks: (A) Extraction of the purified material out of the gel is tedious and difficult to accomplish with high yields (1). (B) The purified DNA is often contaminated wit ...
... plays a central role in DNA research. However, when used for preparative purposes electrophoresis has two particularly serious drawbacks: (A) Extraction of the purified material out of the gel is tedious and difficult to accomplish with high yields (1). (B) The purified DNA is often contaminated wit ...
Molecular Characterization of CDC42, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae
... Figure 2. (A and B) DNA-DNA blot hybridization analyses of chromosomal DNA from parental and transformed strains. After digestion with the indicated restriction enzymes, DNA fragments were separated and hybridized to radioactively labeled pBR(42)l as described in Materials and Methods. The sizes of ...
... Figure 2. (A and B) DNA-DNA blot hybridization analyses of chromosomal DNA from parental and transformed strains. After digestion with the indicated restriction enzymes, DNA fragments were separated and hybridized to radioactively labeled pBR(42)l as described in Materials and Methods. The sizes of ...
Intelligent Icons: Integrating Lite-Weight Data Mining
... were not explicitly considered. The arrangement of icons on the screen is an important component of our work. Ward [22] contains an excellent overview and some important original contributions. ...
... were not explicitly considered. The arrangement of icons on the screen is an important component of our work. Ward [22] contains an excellent overview and some important original contributions. ...
The Maintenance and Propagation of Plasmid Genes in Bacterial
... two obvious possibilities present themselves. Either the plasmid could co-segregate with the chromosome (for example, as part of the nucleoid), or it could actively segregate independently via a membrane attachment site. Multicopy plasmids, in principle, can use an alternative strategy since their c ...
... two obvious possibilities present themselves. Either the plasmid could co-segregate with the chromosome (for example, as part of the nucleoid), or it could actively segregate independently via a membrane attachment site. Multicopy plasmids, in principle, can use an alternative strategy since their c ...
Molecular cloning
Molecular cloning is a set of experimental methods in molecular biology that are used to assemble recombinant DNA molecules and to direct their replication within host organisms. The use of the word cloning refers to the fact that the method involves the replication of one molecule to produce a population of cells with identical DNA molecules. Molecular cloning generally uses DNA sequences from two different organisms: the species that is the source of the DNA to be cloned, and the species that will serve as the living host for replication of the recombinant DNA. Molecular cloning methods are central to many contemporary areas of modern biology and medicine.In a conventional molecular cloning experiment, the DNA to be cloned is obtained from an organism of interest, then treated with enzymes in the test tube to generate smaller DNA fragments. Subsequently, these fragments are then combined with vector DNA to generate recombinant DNA molecules. The recombinant DNA is then introduced into a host organism (typically an easy-to-grow, benign, laboratory strain of E. coli bacteria). This will generate a population of organisms in which recombinant DNA molecules are replicated along with the host DNA. Because they contain foreign DNA fragments, these are transgenic or genetically modified microorganisms (GMO). This process takes advantage of the fact that a single bacterial cell can be induced to take up and replicate a single recombinant DNA molecule. This single cell can then be expanded exponentially to generate a large amount of bacteria, each of which contain copies of the original recombinant molecule. Thus, both the resulting bacterial population, and the recombinant DNA molecule, are commonly referred to as ""clones"". Strictly speaking, recombinant DNA refers to DNA molecules, while molecular cloning refers to the experimental methods used to assemble them.