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B2-Topic-1-notes - Greenacre Academy Trust
B2-Topic-1-notes - Greenacre Academy Trust

... E.g2 beta-carotene in golden rice to reduce vitamin A deficiency in humans: Lack of vitamin A: o can cause the immune system to stop working properlycan lead to death o can cause blindness Beta-carotene is needed by humans to make vitamin A Two extra genes can be inserted into normal rice plants to ...
Organic Chemistry Fifth Edition
Organic Chemistry Fifth Edition

... The nucleotide sequence in regions of DNA that code for proteins varies little from one individual to another, because the proteins are the same. Most of the nucleotides in DNA are in "noncoding" regions and vary significantly among individuals. Enzymatic cleavage of DNA give a mixture of polynucleo ...
DustinHancks_proposal
DustinHancks_proposal

... Hybrid zones exist where the two species occur together in parts of Illinois and Missouri, in some cases with documentation of up to sixty years, yet they retain their specific identity (Braasch and Smith, 1965), (Thomerson, 1967). Mitochondrial DNA and microsatellite analysis has been performed rec ...
DNA notes
DNA notes

... repeated typically 25 to 30 times, yielding more than one million copies of the original DNA molecule. Each cycle takes less than two minutes from start to finish. Chapter 11 ...
Chapter IV – Microbial Cell Culture and its Applications.
Chapter IV – Microbial Cell Culture and its Applications.

... 4. The given DNA fragment is cleaved by EcoRI then it was separated by gel electrophoresis. Represent the fragments we will get after electrophoresis. (3 marks) ...
044.1 Schleiermacher
044.1 Schleiermacher

... breakpoints by FISH using BAC/PAC clones. Subsequently, fine mapping by FISH using PCR generated probes was performed. Southern analysis identified rearranged fragments in all cell lines, and phage libraries were constructed, which were then screened for recombinant clones containing the rearranged ...
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Document

... DNA copying is a blind process It can be hijacked, e.g. by viruses It makes mistakes Mistakes accumulate over (lots of) time ...
pGLO Transformation Lab - Tamalpais Union High School District
pGLO Transformation Lab - Tamalpais Union High School District

... gene for resistance to the antibiotic “ampicillin”. The gene for the Green Fluorescent Protein can only be switched on in transformed cells by adding the sugar “arabinose” to the cells nutrient medium (food). Transformed cells will appear white on plates not containing the sugar arabinose, and fluor ...
pGLO Transformation Lab - Tamalpais Union High School District
pGLO Transformation Lab - Tamalpais Union High School District

pGLO Transformation Lab - Tamalpais Union High School District
pGLO Transformation Lab - Tamalpais Union High School District

... gene for resistance to the antibiotic “ampicillin”. The gene for the Green Fluorescent Protein can only be switched on in transformed cells by adding the sugar “arabinose” to the cells nutrient medium (food). Transformed cells will appear white on plates not containing the sugar arabinose, and fluor ...
6 Possible Alleles
6 Possible Alleles

... The TH01 locus contains repeats of TCAT. CCC TCAT TCAT TCAT TCAT TCAT TCAT AAA This example has 6 TCAT repeats. ...
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First week lectures

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APNucleic Acids

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ppt

... Concept 40 - Living things share common genes. All living organisms store genetic information using the same molecules — DNA and RNA. Written in the genetic code of these molecules is compelling evidence of the shared ancestry of all living things. Evolution of higher life forms requires the develo ...
Do Now: Wednesday, March 19
Do Now: Wednesday, March 19

... for the protein that is needed is unwound  Step 2: RNA polymerase (enzyme) uses the DNA to make a complementary strand of mRNA ...
Way to Glow! Teacher Package
Way to Glow! Teacher Package

... This written material is copyright of the Ontario Science Centre. Use for educational purposes only. ...
"Preparation of Genomic DNA from Bacteria". In: Current Protocols in
"Preparation of Genomic DNA from Bacteria". In: Current Protocols in

... Most commonly used protocols for the preparation of bacterial genomic DNA consist of lysozyme/detergent lysis, followed by incubation with a nonspecific protease and a series of phenol/chloroform/isoamyl alcohol extractions prior to alcohol precipitation of the nucleic acids (Meade et al., 1984; Sil ...
Dr . Muhammad Rafique Assist. Prof. Paediatrics College of
Dr . Muhammad Rafique Assist. Prof. Paediatrics College of

... F/Hx. of genetic disease, Dx. by biochemical or DNA analysis. • Parental request for sex determination because of F/Hx. of X-linked disorder. • Maternal blood sample show chromosomal abn. • As a part of work up for fetal anomalies by USG. ...
Document
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... • Selection: Culture a naturally-occurring microbe that produces desired product • Mutation: Mutagens cause mutations that might result in a microbe with a desirable trait • Site-directed mutagenesis: Change a specific DNA code to change a protein • Select and culture microbe with the desired mutati ...
http://ict.aiias.edu/vol_26A/26Acc_271-290.pdf
http://ict.aiias.edu/vol_26A/26Acc_271-290.pdf

... Ruppert & Barnes (1994, p. 988) say the origin of the echinoderms and the phylogenetic relationships of its subgroups continue to be unresolved and the subject of much speculation. Storer et al (1991, p. 547) in their book Zoologia Geral, a frequently used textbook, say that the echinoderms are an o ...
DNA webquest
DNA webquest

... (text), answer the questions below, and then click “OK.” 1. In a real cell, what does the DNA molecule do before it unzips? 2. What molecules break the rungs (bases) apart? Drag the correct bases over to “synthesize” the new DNA halves. Read the script, answer the questions below and then click “OK. ...
Issues in Genetics - Earth History Research Center
Issues in Genetics - Earth History Research Center

... Another serious problem of the fossil record that has not been explained by evolutionists is that most animal groups appear abruptly in the fossil record. There is no evidence that there were transitional forms among these groups. This is well recognized today by science. Brand (1997, p. 173) calls ...
issues of origins in zoology and genetics: a look at the evidence
issues of origins in zoology and genetics: a look at the evidence

... Ruppert & Barnes (1994, p. 988) say the origin of the echinoderms and the phylogenetic relationships of its subgroups continue to be unresolved and the subject of much speculation. Storer et al (1991, p. 547) in their book Zoologia Geral, a frequently used textbook, say that the echinoderms are an o ...
KS4 Chromosomes, Genes and DNA
KS4 Chromosomes, Genes and DNA

... What kind of sex chromosomes are there in this person’s sex cells? ...
Note 7.5 - Genetic Mutations
Note 7.5 - Genetic Mutations

... Small scale mutations occur when one base pair or small groups of base pairs occurs. These types of mutations are called point mutations. There are several types of point mutations: Substitution: replace one base for another. Insertion and deletion: addition or removable of one base pair Inversion: ...
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Molecular cloning



Molecular cloning is a set of experimental methods in molecular biology that are used to assemble recombinant DNA molecules and to direct their replication within host organisms. The use of the word cloning refers to the fact that the method involves the replication of one molecule to produce a population of cells with identical DNA molecules. Molecular cloning generally uses DNA sequences from two different organisms: the species that is the source of the DNA to be cloned, and the species that will serve as the living host for replication of the recombinant DNA. Molecular cloning methods are central to many contemporary areas of modern biology and medicine.In a conventional molecular cloning experiment, the DNA to be cloned is obtained from an organism of interest, then treated with enzymes in the test tube to generate smaller DNA fragments. Subsequently, these fragments are then combined with vector DNA to generate recombinant DNA molecules. The recombinant DNA is then introduced into a host organism (typically an easy-to-grow, benign, laboratory strain of E. coli bacteria). This will generate a population of organisms in which recombinant DNA molecules are replicated along with the host DNA. Because they contain foreign DNA fragments, these are transgenic or genetically modified microorganisms (GMO). This process takes advantage of the fact that a single bacterial cell can be induced to take up and replicate a single recombinant DNA molecule. This single cell can then be expanded exponentially to generate a large amount of bacteria, each of which contain copies of the original recombinant molecule. Thus, both the resulting bacterial population, and the recombinant DNA molecule, are commonly referred to as ""clones"". Strictly speaking, recombinant DNA refers to DNA molecules, while molecular cloning refers to the experimental methods used to assemble them.
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