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... Experiments on the pretreatment of sensory ganglia in vitro Sensory ganglia were dissected from 8-day-old chick embryos and incubated in rings (0-5 x2-3 cm) containing either 1 ml of control medium (C) (medium 199:chicken serum:buffered saline; 2:1:1, v/v) or 1 ml of medium containing NGF (N) (as C ...
... Experiments on the pretreatment of sensory ganglia in vitro Sensory ganglia were dissected from 8-day-old chick embryos and incubated in rings (0-5 x2-3 cm) containing either 1 ml of control medium (C) (medium 199:chicken serum:buffered saline; 2:1:1, v/v) or 1 ml of medium containing NGF (N) (as C ...
Extracellular voltage threshold settings can be tuned for optimal
... paralysis or other sensory–motor deficits. The recorded signals have taken the form of EEG, MEG, and intracortical signals (Schwartz et al 2006). A promising class of BCIs extracts information directly from action potentials, or ʻspikesʼ, identified from the voltage traces recorded from chronically im ...
... paralysis or other sensory–motor deficits. The recorded signals have taken the form of EEG, MEG, and intracortical signals (Schwartz et al 2006). A promising class of BCIs extracts information directly from action potentials, or ʻspikesʼ, identified from the voltage traces recorded from chronically im ...
View PDF - MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit
... acquisition. Extracellular recordings of the action potentials (“spikes”) of individual neurons (i.e., single-unit activities) in the dorsal striatum were made using glass electrodes (10 –30 M⍀ in situ; tip diameter ⬃1.2 m) containing 0.5 M NaCl solution and neurobiotin (NB; 1.5% w/v; Vector Labora ...
... acquisition. Extracellular recordings of the action potentials (“spikes”) of individual neurons (i.e., single-unit activities) in the dorsal striatum were made using glass electrodes (10 –30 M⍀ in situ; tip diameter ⬃1.2 m) containing 0.5 M NaCl solution and neurobiotin (NB; 1.5% w/v; Vector Labora ...
Experience-Dependent Sharpening of Visual Shape Selectivity in
... novel objects and showed orientation-dependent responses to objects during image-plane rotation. Kobatake and Tanaka (1998) conducted ITC recordings from anesthetized monkeys and found sharpened tuning for trained compared with novel stimuli. Booth and Rolls (1998) found ITC responses to familiar ob ...
... novel objects and showed orientation-dependent responses to objects during image-plane rotation. Kobatake and Tanaka (1998) conducted ITC recordings from anesthetized monkeys and found sharpened tuning for trained compared with novel stimuli. Booth and Rolls (1998) found ITC responses to familiar ob ...
Biliary Physiology
... 1,000 mL of bile daily. The secretion of bile is responsive to neurogenic, humoral, and chemical stimuli. Parasympathetic stimulation via the vagus nerve increases bile secretion, whereas sympathetic stimulation via splanchnic nerves decreases bile flow. Hydrochloric acid, partly digested proteins, a ...
... 1,000 mL of bile daily. The secretion of bile is responsive to neurogenic, humoral, and chemical stimuli. Parasympathetic stimulation via the vagus nerve increases bile secretion, whereas sympathetic stimulation via splanchnic nerves decreases bile flow. Hydrochloric acid, partly digested proteins, a ...
2011-Morrison and Nakamura_review
... molecular thermoreceptor in primary thermal afferents that is responsible for triggering thermoregulatory responses. Potential cold receptor TRP channels are TRPM8 and TRPA1, both of which are expressed in primary somatosensory neurons (4-6). TRPM8, which is activated by modest cooling (< 27°C) (4,5 ...
... molecular thermoreceptor in primary thermal afferents that is responsible for triggering thermoregulatory responses. Potential cold receptor TRP channels are TRPM8 and TRPA1, both of which are expressed in primary somatosensory neurons (4-6). TRPM8, which is activated by modest cooling (< 27°C) (4,5 ...
Purple pigments: The pathophysiology of acute porphyric neuropathy
... The term porphyria originally derives from the ancient Greek word porphura (purple pigment), first utilised by the German chemist Hoppe-Seyler in 1871 in the context of porphyrin molecules (Hoppe-Seyler, 1871; Watson, 1966). Hoppe-Seyler used the term ‘hematoporphyrin’ (blood-purple) to describe the ...
... The term porphyria originally derives from the ancient Greek word porphura (purple pigment), first utilised by the German chemist Hoppe-Seyler in 1871 in the context of porphyrin molecules (Hoppe-Seyler, 1871; Watson, 1966). Hoppe-Seyler used the term ‘hematoporphyrin’ (blood-purple) to describe the ...
Anatomy & Physiology I
... Touch sensations are usually due to stimulation of tactile receptors in the skin or subcutaneous layer Crude touch is the ability to perceive that something has contacted the skin, but its location, shape, size, and texture can not be ascertained Fine touch provides specific information about ...
... Touch sensations are usually due to stimulation of tactile receptors in the skin or subcutaneous layer Crude touch is the ability to perceive that something has contacted the skin, but its location, shape, size, and texture can not be ascertained Fine touch provides specific information about ...
Chapter 9 The Nervous System
... Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2006, 2002, 1997, 1992 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. ...
... Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2006, 2002, 1997, 1992 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. ...
Chapter 9 The Nervous System
... Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2006, 2002, 1997, 1992 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. ...
... Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2006, 2002, 1997, 1992 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. ...
Feeding Stimulants Activate an Identified Dopaminergic Interneuron
... which plasticity of motor output of the CPG can arise. Each CPG subunit is a conditional neuronal oscillator that can be independently rhythmically active. The subunits also can be functionally linked in different combinations and in different temporal patterns. Additional motor plasticity can arise ...
... which plasticity of motor output of the CPG can arise. Each CPG subunit is a conditional neuronal oscillator that can be independently rhythmically active. The subunits also can be functionally linked in different combinations and in different temporal patterns. Additional motor plasticity can arise ...
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... strategy approach to maximize reward and minimize costs; otherwise, competitive opponents can exploit predictable choice patterns. This thesis tested the hypothesis that the frontal eye field (FEF) are involved ...
... strategy approach to maximize reward and minimize costs; otherwise, competitive opponents can exploit predictable choice patterns. This thesis tested the hypothesis that the frontal eye field (FEF) are involved ...
... Neuropathological features where assessed and compared to NTs/NTRs immunolabelling. Furthermore, in this experiment, a wild type mouse line (Balb-C) was included as a control for a thorough -normal- mouse brain mapping of the NTR NTs/NTRs immunolabelling. An increased expression of p75 , particularl ...
2009 McGraw-Hill Higher Education Site Map Any use is subject to
... novella_1389801 A) receptor - sensory neuron - interneuron in the CNS - motor neuron - effector ...
... novella_1389801 A) receptor - sensory neuron - interneuron in the CNS - motor neuron - effector ...
Early Functional Impairment of Sensory-Motor Connectivity in a Mouse Model of Spinal Muscular Atrophy
... was significantly reduced in SMA spinal cords (Figure 1C), even at high stimulation intensities (103T; data not shown). On average, there was an approximately 85% reduction in the peak amplitude of the monosynaptic response from SMA L1 motor neurons at P4 (Figure 1C). There was no difference between ...
... was significantly reduced in SMA spinal cords (Figure 1C), even at high stimulation intensities (103T; data not shown). On average, there was an approximately 85% reduction in the peak amplitude of the monosynaptic response from SMA L1 motor neurons at P4 (Figure 1C). There was no difference between ...
- D-Scholarship@Pitt
... NMJ led to the weakening and subsequently withdrawal of the axons whose synaptic contacts were blocked (Balice-Gordon and Lichtman, 1994). Recent experiments using genetically engineered mice in which only a small subset of motor neurons are fluorescently labeled allowed researches to perform in-viv ...
... NMJ led to the weakening and subsequently withdrawal of the axons whose synaptic contacts were blocked (Balice-Gordon and Lichtman, 1994). Recent experiments using genetically engineered mice in which only a small subset of motor neurons are fluorescently labeled allowed researches to perform in-viv ...
Estradiol, Substance P, and the PI3K-Akt
... spinal cord and synapse onto central neurons in the dorsal horn, a major center of nociceptive processing and plasticity. The neurons involved in nociception are largely concentrated in the superficial laminae. Strong, sustained nociceptive signaling can modify the structure and function of the dors ...
... spinal cord and synapse onto central neurons in the dorsal horn, a major center of nociceptive processing and plasticity. The neurons involved in nociception are largely concentrated in the superficial laminae. Strong, sustained nociceptive signaling can modify the structure and function of the dors ...
Cortical Involvement During Sustained Lower Limb Contractions
... activity [e.g., electromyography (EMG)] as well as spatial activity (e.g., fMRI) of motoneurones; however, very little in known about cortical contributions to lower extremity movements. Thus, the first study of this dissertation investigates force-related changes in cortical activity across a range ...
... activity [e.g., electromyography (EMG)] as well as spatial activity (e.g., fMRI) of motoneurones; however, very little in known about cortical contributions to lower extremity movements. Thus, the first study of this dissertation investigates force-related changes in cortical activity across a range ...
Hypoxia-Induced Respiratory Patterned Activity in Lymnaea
... with hypoxic saline did not induce respiratory discharges in RPeD1 and the motor neuron, nor was the respiratory behavior triggered (not shown, but see Fig. 7). To test further the sensitivities of respiratory neurons within the central ring ganglia to an hypoxic stimulus, the isolated central ring ...
... with hypoxic saline did not induce respiratory discharges in RPeD1 and the motor neuron, nor was the respiratory behavior triggered (not shown, but see Fig. 7). To test further the sensitivities of respiratory neurons within the central ring ganglia to an hypoxic stimulus, the isolated central ring ...
Chapter 2: Nerve Cells and Nerve Impulses
... 5. Prior to the work of Santiago Ramon y Cajal, what did many investigators believe? a. Nerves conducted impulses at the speed of light. b. Transmission across a synapse was just as fast as transmission along an axon. c. The tip of an axon physically merged with the next neuron. d. All neurons were ...
... 5. Prior to the work of Santiago Ramon y Cajal, what did many investigators believe? a. Nerves conducted impulses at the speed of light. b. Transmission across a synapse was just as fast as transmission along an axon. c. The tip of an axon physically merged with the next neuron. d. All neurons were ...
In 1978 Mountcastle hypothesized that the smallest functional unit of
... layers, layers II/III, it has an advantage over in vitro experimentation in that all the cortical connections are still in tact. Previous data examined the changes in evoked patterns of the population response to flutter stimuli in area 3b of the SI cortex, but a more in depth study of these evoked ...
... layers, layers II/III, it has an advantage over in vitro experimentation in that all the cortical connections are still in tact. Previous data examined the changes in evoked patterns of the population response to flutter stimuli in area 3b of the SI cortex, but a more in depth study of these evoked ...
10-Sensation of Taste lecture
... Taste Pathway Taste information is send to the CNS by the crainial nerves # 7, 9 and 10 the taste nucleus (n. tractus solitarius) thalamus insular cortex ...
... Taste Pathway Taste information is send to the CNS by the crainial nerves # 7, 9 and 10 the taste nucleus (n. tractus solitarius) thalamus insular cortex ...
Dynamics of sensory thalamocortical synaptic networks during
... However, sensory information processing mostly occurs during behavioral arousal, when activity in thalamus and neocortex consists of an electrographic sign of low amplitude fast activity, known as activation, which is caused by several neuromodulator systems that project to the thalamocortical netwo ...
... However, sensory information processing mostly occurs during behavioral arousal, when activity in thalamus and neocortex consists of an electrographic sign of low amplitude fast activity, known as activation, which is caused by several neuromodulator systems that project to the thalamocortical netwo ...
Evaluation of reward from pain relief
... rest in postoperative patients.30, 31 Guarding behavior was greatly diminished at four days postincision. Similarly, we have shown in a conditioning study that PNB elicited CPP only at one day but not four days following the injury.24 The same time dependence was also observed for spontaneous activi ...
... rest in postoperative patients.30, 31 Guarding behavior was greatly diminished at four days postincision. Similarly, we have shown in a conditioning study that PNB elicited CPP only at one day but not four days following the injury.24 The same time dependence was also observed for spontaneous activi ...
Microneurography
Microneurography is a neurophysiological method employed by scientists to visualize and record the normal traffic of nerve impulses that are conducted in peripheral nerves of waking human subjects. The method has been successfully employed to reveal functional properties of a number of neural systems, e.g. sensory systems related to touch, pain, and muscle sense as well as sympathetic activity controlling the constriction state of blood vessels. To study nerve impulses of an identified neural system, a fine tungsten needle electrode is inserted into the nerve and connected to a high gain recording amplifier. The exact position of the electrode tip within the nerve is then adjusted in minute steps until the electrode discriminates impulses of the neural system of interest. A unique feature and a significant strength of the microneurography method is that subjects are fully awake and able to cooperate in tests requiring mental attention, while impulses in a representative nerve fibre or set of nerve fibres are recorded, e.g. when cutaneous sense organs are stimulated or subjects perform voluntary precision movements.