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Module 3 Brain`s Building Blocks
Module 3 Brain`s Building Blocks

... There are about 30,000 genes that contain chemical instructions that equal about 300,000 pages of written instructions Genes program the development of individual parts into a complex body & brain ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... synaptic efficacy. The efficacy of a synapse can be potentiated through at least sixmechanisms. First, there could be an increase in the fraction (release probability) of available presynaptic vesicles that undergo exocytosis. For example, in mechanism 1, two out of four available vesicles are relea ...
Left Brain
Left Brain

... the point of his scalpel to the internal crural nerves of the frog, suddenly all the muscles of its limbs were seen to be so contracted that they seemed to have fallen into tonic convulsions. “ ...
Unit 3 PowerPoint notes
Unit 3 PowerPoint notes

... = an area at the read of the frontal lobes that controls voluntary movements. ...
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pptx

... Cognitive psychology and neuroscience ...
Research Methods
Research Methods

... Advances Basically the imaging techniques remain the same  It is the computing power and software that is allowing for real time analysis that is having the biggest effect  When MRI first came out the fastest desktop computer was MAYBE running a ...
Psychology Chapter 19: Group Interaction
Psychology Chapter 19: Group Interaction

... a) This is the junction or connection between neurons b) Neurons transmit impulses or messages across this space using neurotransmitters c) Neurotransmitters – are chemicals that either excite the next neuron or stop it from transmitting i. There are different types of neurotransmitters a. Norepinep ...
Essentials of Anatony and Physiology, 5e (Martini
Essentials of Anatony and Physiology, 5e (Martini

... Neuroglia that secret cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are called… Clusters of neuron cell bodies form… Bundles of axons form… The membrane potential of a neuron is dependent on which contributing factors? What is the resting potential of a neuron? Tetrodotoxin prevents sodium channels from opening. What e ...
Study Concepts for Exam V - Nervous System
Study Concepts for Exam V - Nervous System

... Divisions of the CNS and PNS, and what parts serve what functions Types of reflex arcs The definitions and differences in location of nuclei vs. ganglia The parts of the brain at the level of detail discussed in lecture. Know at least one major function for each larger and more specific parts, such ...
Chapter 49 Student Guided Notes
Chapter 49 Student Guided Notes

... Major research efforts are under way to identify genes that cause or contribute to disorders of the nervous system.  Family studies may help scientists distinguish between genetic and environmental variables. Schizophrenia is a severe mental disturbance characterized by psychotic episodes.  About ...
Ch 2 Biology and Behavior
Ch 2 Biology and Behavior

... Dopamine – affects voluntary movement, learning, memory, emotion. ...
The Nervous System
The Nervous System

... Dopamine - cont’d • Dopamine also sends signals that help coordinate your skeletal muscle movements • Parkinson’s Disease – deficient dopamine production – tremors ...
BOX 2.1 THE NEURON DOCTRINE The cell theory, which states
BOX 2.1 THE NEURON DOCTRINE The cell theory, which states

... known as the neurondoctrine. This great concept in essence states that the cell theory applies to the nervous system: each neuron is an individual entity, the basic unit of neural circuitry (Fig. 2.2B). The acrimonious debate between reticularists and proponents of the neuron doctrine raged for deca ...
The nervous system
The nervous system

... The synapse is a junctional space between a nerve cell and another cell or effector is called a synapse. Messages travel within the neuron as an electrical action potential. The space between two cells is known as the synaptic cleft. To cross the synaptic cleft requires the actions of neurotransmitt ...
An Examination of the cell densities in Fmr1Ko mice
An Examination of the cell densities in Fmr1Ko mice

...  Neural circuits of the PPC mediate complex functions related to integrating odor cues with behavior, affective states, and multisensory processing.  Relatively simple three cortical layers, convenient segregation of afferent and associative inputs, and that the understanding of the PPC microcircu ...
Nerve Notes
Nerve Notes

... Parasymp often innervate same organs and act in opposition III. Cell Types A. Neurons - transmit nerve impulses B. Neuroglia carry out a variety of functions to aid and protect other components IV. ...
Brain growth, development and Autism
Brain growth, development and Autism

... in the Milky Way Galaxy. This fact underscores the complexity of human brain development. During normal brain development, there is a burst of synapse formation that occurs in infancy, particularly in the cerebral cortex, a region involved in autistic behaviors. With normal growth and experience, th ...
CNS: Spinal Cord Function
CNS: Spinal Cord Function

... commanding voluntary motor response; coordinates other areas of the brain; and carries out higher thought processes, memory, language, speech, and learning. ...
The Biological Perspective - Klicks-IBPsychology-Wiki
The Biological Perspective - Klicks-IBPsychology-Wiki

... – Split into two hemispheres (left and right) which control opposite sides of the body – Hemispheres broken into lobes by 2 major fissures • Central-Splits brain in half roughly, front and back • Lateral-Runs along the side of each hemisphere ...
Brain Waves Parent Resource
Brain Waves Parent Resource

... Adaptation is experienced when a stimulus is present for a long time. For example, after being in a freshly painted room for a while, the smell might not be as strong. However, someone entering the room for the first time will find the smell very strong because they are not adapted. If we smelled ev ...
Nervous System
Nervous System

... Messages about your environment travel through the nervous system called neurons. A neuron is a nerve cell that is specialized to transfer messages in the form of fast-moving electrical energy. These electrical messages are called impulses. A neuron has a large region in the center called the cel ...
Inside the brain
Inside the brain

... a nerve signal travelling along an axon reaches a synapse, it triggers the release of a neurotransmitter that diffuses across the synaptic gap and binds to receptor proteins on the surface of the receiving neuron. This binding causes an influx of ions, changing the membrane voltage and initiating an ...
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Cellular and Molecul..

... Fortune Telling by René Magritte “This is not a nose” ...
Session 2. Synaptic Plasticity (Chair, H. Kamiguchi)
Session 2. Synaptic Plasticity (Chair, H. Kamiguchi)

... The formation of long-term memory requires both new RNA and protein synthesis, whereas short-term memory requires only covalent modifications of constitutively expressed preexisting proteins. The core molecular features of the transcriptional regulation involved in long-term memory is to be evolutio ...
Chapter 3: The Biological Bases of Behavior
Chapter 3: The Biological Bases of Behavior

... ◦ Controls protein manufacturing ◦ Directs metabolism ◦ No role in neural signaling ...
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Activity-dependent plasticity

A defining feature of the brain is its capacity to undergo changes based on activity-dependent functions, also called activity-dependent plasticity. Its ability to remodel itself forms the basis of the brain’s capacity to retain memories, improve motor function, and enhance comprehension and speech amongst other things. It is this trait to retain and form memories that is functionally linked to plasticity and therefore many of the functions individuals perform on a daily basis. This plasticity is the result of changed gene expression that occurs because of organized cellular mechanisms.The brain’s ability to adapt toward active functions has allowed humans to specialize in specific processes based on relative use and activity. For example, a right-handed person may perform any movement poorly with his/her left hand but continuous practice with the less dominant hand can make both hands just as able. Another example is if someone was born with a neurological disorder such as autism or had a stroke that resulted in a disorder, then they are capable of retrieving much of their lost function by practicing and “rewiring” the brain in order to incorporate these lost manners. Thanks to the pioneers within this field, many of these advances have become available to most people and many more will continue to arrive as new features of plasticity are discovered.
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