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Chapter 13 PowerPoint
Chapter 13 PowerPoint

... • Contain neuron cell bodies associated with nerves • Dorsal root ganglia (sensory, somatic) (Chapter 12) • Autonomic ganglia (motor, visceral) (Chapter 14) ...
6419982_1441921514
6419982_1441921514

... nerve impulses, this function may be important in maintaining the proper ionic environment for neurons. 2. Astrocytes take up some neurotransmitters released from the axon terminals of neurons. For example, the neurotransmitter glutamate is taken into astrocytes and transformed into glutamine. The g ...
Part a
Part a

... • Contain neuron cell bodies associated with nerves • Dorsal root ganglia (sensory, somatic) (Chapter 12) • Autonomic ganglia (motor, visceral) (Chapter 14) ...
Sympathetic Trunk Ganglia
Sympathetic Trunk Ganglia

... • Axons are thinly myelinated or nonmyelinated • Motor neuron synapses in a ganglion Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System ...
4-18-05
4-18-05

... • This enables a Weddell seal to store about 25% of its O2 in muscle, compared to only 13% in humans. Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
pharm chapter 8 [3-16
pharm chapter 8 [3-16

... o Motor neurons relay commands arising in central motor areas and descend in corticospinal tract to peripheral muscles o Interneurons connecting sensory and motor neurons responsible for reflexes Cellular Organization of the Nervous System  Cellular organization of autonomic and peripheral nervous ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... FIGURE 1-18: Transport mechanisms at the blood–brain barrier. (a) BECs contain a number of transport mechanisms to allow homeostatic control of nutrients, ions and signaling molecules. (1) Na+ dependent symporters (A, ASC, LNAA, EAAT) eliminate amino acids from the brain, thus preventing excess acc ...
C6.4 PPT - Destiny High School
C6.4 PPT - Destiny High School

... Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. ...
Joshua Khani - Giant Axonal Neuropathy
Joshua Khani - Giant Axonal Neuropathy

...   Moderate to complete reduction of nerve conduction  velocity  ...
The Hitchhikers Guide to the Lumbosacral Plexus
The Hitchhikers Guide to the Lumbosacral Plexus

... complicated than you might think, even if you start from a position of thinking it’s pretty damn complicated in the first place.” Some might say the same about the LS plexus, but as we will see, there is nothing to panic about. ...
Clicker Review: Unit 4 Muscular System
Clicker Review: Unit 4 Muscular System

... Clicker Review: Unit 4 Muscular System ...
Regulation of breathing
Regulation of breathing

... Chemical regulation of respiration  The activity of the respiratory centers is regulated by the O2, CO2 and H+ content of the blood. Carbon dioxide and H+ are most important. CO2 dissolves in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) which bathes receptors sensitive to H+ on the ventral aspect of the medulla. Sti ...
Saladin 5e Extended Outline
Saladin 5e Extended Outline

... back and gives rise to nerves of the limbs. i. The anterior rami vary from one region to another; in the thoracic region it forms an intercostal nerve, and in all other regions form the nerve plexuses. ii. The anterior ramus also gives off a pair of communicating rami that connect with a string of s ...
An implantable electrode design for both chronic in vivo
An implantable electrode design for both chronic in vivo

... activity remotely, e.g. in free flight of locusts (Kutsch et al., 1993). Since the myogramm electrodes are inserted into muscle tissue, however, long-term use of this type of electrodes, once implanted is difficult. On the one hand, the electrodes are bound to cause tissue damage after repeated musc ...
Chapter 2: The Brain and Behavior
Chapter 2: The Brain and Behavior

... FIGURE 2.1 A neuron, or nerve cell. In the right foreground you can see a nerve cell fiber in cross section. The upper left photo gives a more realistic picture of the shape of neurons. Nerve impulses usually travel from the dendrites and soma to the branching ends of the axon. The nerve cell shown ...
Chapter 13 - Martini
Chapter 13 - Martini

... Components of the PNS • Sensory Pathways – Enter the cord via the dorsal roots. – Have unipolar cell bodies found in the dorsal root ganglia. – Carry sensory inputs into the CNS via the central processes of their axons. They begin at the general sensory receptors of the skin (somatic sensory) and i ...
Chapter 2: The Brain and Behavior
Chapter 2: The Brain and Behavior

... FIGURE 2.1 A neuron, or nerve cell. In the right foreground you can see a nerve cell fiber in cross section. The upper left photo gives a more realistic picture of the shape of neurons. Nerve impulses usually travel from the dendrites and soma to the branching ends of the axon. The nerve cell shown ...
Use of lipophilic dyes in studies of axonal pathfinding in vivo
Use of lipophilic dyes in studies of axonal pathfinding in vivo

... Fluorescent lipophilic dyes are an ideal tool to study axonal pathfinding. Because these dyes do not require active axonal transport for their spreading, they can be used in fixed tissue. Here, we describe the method we have used to study the molecular mechanisms of commissural axon pathfinding in t ...
The Ear - Dr Magrann
The Ear - Dr Magrann

... Sensed on taste buds, which are located mostly on the tongue surface, but are also on the palate, pharynx, and a few on the lips. Taste buds have specialized cells, which increase surface area and have chemoreceptors. They are surrounded by support cells (like glia). They synapse on sensory neurons, ...
Structure and function in the cerebral ganglion
Structure and function in the cerebral ganglion

... long been available to link the procerebrum with olfactory function, physiological confirmation for such a function is recent; it will be reviewed later in this section. The tentacles were recognized in the nineteenth century as olfactory organs, and the origin of the posterior tentacle’s main nerve ...
Schwann Cell Surfaces but Not Extracellular Matrix Organized by
Schwann Cell Surfaces but Not Extracellular Matrix Organized by

... supported PNS neurite outgrowth, demonstrating the failure of the adult CNS milieu to support regenerationin nerves otherwisecapable of regrowth (Bray et al., 1981; Schwaband Thoenen, 1985; Carbonetto et al., 1987). Conversely, the striking outgrowth of injured CNS axons into sciatic nerve autograft ...
Chapter 15
Chapter 15

... – usually inhibitory – 2 subclasses with different effects, but both act through ...
Cross-talk between nervous and immune systems
Cross-talk between nervous and immune systems

... neuroendocrine system. In fact, cells of the immune system can be stimulated by stimuli not detected by the nervous system. Virus, bacteria, parasites or tumors-like stimuli and other antigens are sensed by the immune system and transformed into information in the form of cytokines, hormones and neu ...
Special Senses
Special Senses

... 2. Hyperpolarizes rods/cones 3. Decrease in release of inhibitory neurotransmitter ...
Chapter 3—The Brain and Behavior
Chapter 3—The Brain and Behavior

... In general, the brains of individuals with epilepsy do not work effectively between seizures. Motor nerves are the ones that carry sensory information to the brain. Neural networks integrate sensory information and motor instructions from the brain. The two main parts of the nervous system are the c ...
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Neuroregeneration

Neuroregeneration refers to the regrowth or repair of nervous tissues, cells or cell products. Such mechanisms may include generation of new neurons, glia, axons, myelin, or synapses. Neuroregeneration differs between the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and the central nervous system (CNS) by the functional mechanisms and especially the extent and speed. When an axon is damaged, the distal segment undergoes Wallerian degeneration, losing its myelin sheath. The proximal segment can either die by apoptosis or undergo the chromatolytic reaction, which is an attempt at repair. In the CNS, synaptic stripping occurs as glial foot processes invade the dead synapse.Nervous system injuries affect over 90,000 people every year. It is estimated that spinal cord injuries alone affect 10,000 each year. As a result of this high incidence of neurological injuries, nerve regeneration and repair, a subfield of neural tissue engineering, is becoming a rapidly growing field dedicated to the discovery of new ways to recover nerve functionality after injury. The nervous system is divided into two parts: the central nervous system, which consists of the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system, which consists of cranial and spinal nerves along with their associated ganglia. While the peripheral nervous system has an intrinsic ability for repair and regeneration, the central nervous system is, for the most part, incapable of self-repair and regeneration. There is currently no treatment for recovering human nerve function after injury to the central nervous system. In addition, multiple attempts at nerve re-growth across the PNS-CNS transition have not been successful. There is simply not enough knowledge about regeneration in the central nervous system. In addition, although the peripheral nervous system has the capability for regeneration, much research still needs to be done to optimize the environment for maximum regrowth potential. Neuroregeneration is important clinically, as it is part of the pathogenesis of many diseases, including multiple sclerosis.
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