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Cranial Nerves
Cranial Nerves

... • cerebral aqueduct ...
Neuron Structure and Function
Neuron Structure and Function

... 2. Loss of current (charge) due to capacitance properties of the membrane  cell membrane acts as a capacitor  2 conducting sheets separated by an insulating material - the closer the sheets the better the capacitor  lipid bilayer is 7 nm thick therefore = excellent capacitor  it takes time and c ...
cranial nerve scavenger hunt
cranial nerve scavenger hunt

... • Equipment: Newspaper or other printed material. • Procedure: – Ask your lab partner to cover one eye. – Hold the printed material approximately 18 inches away and have them read two sentences. – Repeat the procedure using the other eye. – Peripheral vision is tested as you stand or sit two feet in ...
The Spinal Cord
The Spinal Cord

... are part of PNS • emerge from vertebral column thru ...
Development of the spinal cord
Development of the spinal cord

... • Others will form the corpus callosum, the band of nerve fibres that connects the two hemispheres of the brain. Still others—those of the internal capsule—will connect the cortical white matter to the brain stem, generally by way of the thalamus. • For example, the axons arising from the motor cort ...
Copy of Development of the spinal cord
Copy of Development of the spinal cord

... • Others will form the corpus callosum, the band of nerve fibres that connects the two hemispheres of the brain. Still others—those of the internal capsule—will connect the cortical white matter to the brain stem, generally by way of the thalamus. • For example, the axons arising from the motor cort ...
Unit 3A Nervous System - Teacher Version
Unit 3A Nervous System - Teacher Version

... action potential (excitatory neurotransmitters binding to receptors) must ...
gustatory and olfactory senses
gustatory and olfactory senses

... In the retina, there are two types of receptor cells, rods and cones. Rods are for dim light, and cones are for bright light and color. Rods and cones contain visual pigments made up of light absorbing retinal molecules. These are bound to proteins called opsins, which control which pigments are abs ...
Theme 6. Vision
Theme 6. Vision

... Theme 6. Sense of hearing Mechanical vibrations in the air can be experienced as sound if the frequencies and amplitudes are adequate. The vibrations are transmitted to the hair cells in the cochlea via the tympanic membrane and the ossicles. (1) Describe the organisation of the hair cells in the or ...
True or False Questions - Sinoe Medical Association
True or False Questions - Sinoe Medical Association

... from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and bind to the regulatory protein, troponin, associated with the thin filaments. TF 2. As tension in a muscle increases, the first motor units to be recruited at low levels of tension are the largest motor units, which have the largest number of muscle cells contacte ...
item[`#file`]
item[`#file`]

... Tonically active in extensor muscles of the trunk and legs (antigravity muscles), but may be elicited from any skeletal muscle Receptor: the Muscle Spindle Small connective tissue capsule containing intrafusal muscle fibers Capsule is attached to connective tissue septae that are continuous with the ...
Test.
Test.

... • Patients perceived light patterns. • Only rarely did patients perceive geometric patterns. ...
Neurons and Neurotransmitters
Neurons and Neurotransmitters

... • Our study begins with bottom up processing: processing that begins with the nerve cells and goes up to the brain. ...
AUTONOMIC REFLEX - Semmelweis University
AUTONOMIC REFLEX - Semmelweis University

... 1. may synapse on the postganglionic cells in the paravertebral ganglion at segmental level 2. may enter the synaptic chain and travel rostrally and caudally to a paravertebral ganglion 3. some preganglionic axon pass through the sympathetic trunk and form the splanchnic nerves, these fibers travel ...
rEvIEW - McLoon Lab
rEvIEW - McLoon Lab

... ultrastructurally normal, presynaptically active but postsynaptically silent because of a lack of AMPA receptors on the postsynaptic side. Removal of TSPs from astrocyte-conditioned medium diminishes the synaptogenic activity of the medium. These results show that TSPs are the necessary and sufficie ...
SPHS 4050, Neurological Bases, PP 08b
SPHS 4050, Neurological Bases, PP 08b

... associated spinal nerves The central gray matter of the spinal cord is made up of _____________. This is where _____________ occur. Spinal nerves are made of axons. In the motor system, the cell bodies associated with these motor neurons are found in the _________________ of the spinal cord, _______ ...
Peer-reviewed Article PDF
Peer-reviewed Article PDF

... the effectiveness of chiropractic intervention combined with manual therapy to treat PN. This case study fully describes an interesting case of PN, presenting with saddle-like paraesthesia and ReGS. This report further provides a complete chiropractic protocol for the complexity of the pudendal nerv ...
Monitoring cell-cell contacts in vivo in transgenic animals
Monitoring cell-cell contacts in vivo in transgenic animals

... (Jagadish et al., 2014). Conversely, in its current implementation, TANGO-TRACE cannot be used to monitor cell-cell interactions based on physical contact. This feature would be advantageous to investigate cell-cell interactions that do not depend on the release of molecules, for example, during dev ...
Chapter 10 - Brands Delmar
Chapter 10 - Brands Delmar

... environment – Controlled by nervous and endocrine systems ...
Central Nervous System
Central Nervous System

...  Nerves – bundles of axons in the PNS Copyright © 2007 by Allyn and Bacon ...
"I`ll see it when I believe it!"*: Investigating Nervous System
"I`ll see it when I believe it!"*: Investigating Nervous System

... other cell types) in the body wall of Hydra, by treating the animals with chemicals such as colchicine, or with gamma irradiation. The "nerveless" Hydra can be maintained, and come to consist eventually, entirely of FIG. 1. Photograph of gravid specimen of Lampsilis epithelial cells—lacking not only ...
lecture notes #4 membrane potentials
lecture notes #4 membrane potentials

... Each action potential begins with a sudden change from the normal resting negative membrane potential to a positive potential To conduct a nerve signal, the action potential moves along the nerve fiber until it comes to the fiber’s end Stages of the Action Potential ...
Action potential - Solon City Schools
Action potential - Solon City Schools

... Neurotransmitters Neurotransmitters – Chemical messengers in the brain. Different types affect the brain and behavior in various ways Excitatory neurotransmitters bring the dendrite closer to threshold by allowing positive ions to rush in. (ex. Glutamate) Inhibitory neurotransmitters take the dendr ...
Central Nervous System CNS
Central Nervous System CNS

... No fiber tracts (would be white) 2-4 mm thick (about 1/8 inch) Brodmann areas (historical: 52 structurally different areas given #s) Neuroimaging: functional organization (example later) ...
MS Word Version - Interactive Physiology
MS Word Version - Interactive Physiology

... 11. In general, the longest axons are associated with the largest cell bodies. 12. Left side of page from top to bottom: axon hillock, axon collaterals. Right side of page: axon terminals. 13. a. axon hillock b. axon collaterals c. axon terminals 14. The action potential is generated at the axon hil ...
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Neuroregeneration

Neuroregeneration refers to the regrowth or repair of nervous tissues, cells or cell products. Such mechanisms may include generation of new neurons, glia, axons, myelin, or synapses. Neuroregeneration differs between the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and the central nervous system (CNS) by the functional mechanisms and especially the extent and speed. When an axon is damaged, the distal segment undergoes Wallerian degeneration, losing its myelin sheath. The proximal segment can either die by apoptosis or undergo the chromatolytic reaction, which is an attempt at repair. In the CNS, synaptic stripping occurs as glial foot processes invade the dead synapse.Nervous system injuries affect over 90,000 people every year. It is estimated that spinal cord injuries alone affect 10,000 each year. As a result of this high incidence of neurological injuries, nerve regeneration and repair, a subfield of neural tissue engineering, is becoming a rapidly growing field dedicated to the discovery of new ways to recover nerve functionality after injury. The nervous system is divided into two parts: the central nervous system, which consists of the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system, which consists of cranial and spinal nerves along with their associated ganglia. While the peripheral nervous system has an intrinsic ability for repair and regeneration, the central nervous system is, for the most part, incapable of self-repair and regeneration. There is currently no treatment for recovering human nerve function after injury to the central nervous system. In addition, multiple attempts at nerve re-growth across the PNS-CNS transition have not been successful. There is simply not enough knowledge about regeneration in the central nervous system. In addition, although the peripheral nervous system has the capability for regeneration, much research still needs to be done to optimize the environment for maximum regrowth potential. Neuroregeneration is important clinically, as it is part of the pathogenesis of many diseases, including multiple sclerosis.
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