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Second cause of hidden hearing loss identified
Second cause of hidden hearing loss identified

... Patients who complain they can't hear their friends the inner ear are lost. This loss of synapses has at a noisy restaurant, but pass a hearing test in previously been shown as a mechanism leading to their doctor's office, may be describing hidden hidden hearing loss. hearing loss. Now, less than si ...
Course Objectives
Course Objectives

... Overview of the Cellular Basis of Life o Define cell. o List the three major regions of a generalized cell and indicate the function of each. The Plasma Membrane: Structure o Describe the chemical composition of the plasma membrane and relate it to membrane functions. o Compare the structure and fun ...
Chapter 2: Brain and Behavior
Chapter 2: Brain and Behavior

... Researching the Brain (cont.) Computed Tomographic Scanning (CT): Computerenhanced X-ray of the brain or body Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): Uses a strong magnetic field, not an X-ray, to produce an image of the body’s interior Functional MRI: MRI that makes brain activity visible Positron Emiss ...
Chapter 2: Brain and Behavior
Chapter 2: Brain and Behavior

... Researching the Brain (cont.) Computed Tomographic Scanning (CT): Computerenhanced X-ray of the brain or body Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): Uses a strong magnetic field, not an X-ray, to produce an image of the body’s interior Functional MRI: MRI that makes brain activity visible Positron Emiss ...
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No Slide Title

... vessels constrict while some dilate. ...
Function of the spinal cord, cerebellum and brain stem
Function of the spinal cord, cerebellum and brain stem

... degeneration of the anterior lobe. This degeneration leads to a wide, staggering gait but does not affect arm movement or speech. Patients with a cerebellar lesion may have nystagmus with the fast stroke pointing towards the side of the lesion. ...
1. Biophysics of the Nervous System
1. Biophysics of the Nervous System

... Half of the brain is covered by glias. Their functions are not exactly known; however, it is clear that they provide constructional support for the neurons by means of Schwan cells producing myelin. There are two sorts of glias, in general: ...
Lectin and Peptide Expression in Nodose
Lectin and Peptide Expression in Nodose

... unmyelinated somatosensory afferents are specifically labeled by lectins (12). In the present study, it was found that GSA I-B4-positive neurons were smaller than unlabeled neurons in NG. Hence, it may be suggested that lectin labeled neurons are sensory and could be reasonable candidates for nocice ...
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ppt - IISER Pune

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Pain Syndromes: Neuropathic Pain
Pain Syndromes: Neuropathic Pain

... Neuropathic Pain: Central Mechanisms Peripheral neuropathic events can be complicated by temporary or long-term CNS changes, such as central sensitization and then reorganization of the pain pathways at the dorsal horn level ...
Neuropathic Pain
Neuropathic Pain

... Neuropathic Pain: Central Mechanisms Peripheral neuropathic events can be complicated by temporary or long-term CNS changes, such as central sensitization and then reorganization of the pain pathways at the dorsal horn level ...
Distinct Functions of 3 and V Integrin Receptors
Distinct Functions of 3 and V Integrin Receptors

... throughout the aggregates (Figures 5A and 5E). However, in the presence of a3 integrin-blocking antibodies, neurons and glia tend to segregate from each other, either into pure aggregates in which only a few cells (1–10) in an aggregate are of the other cell type or into clustered aggregates in whic ...
Pyramidal (Voluntary Motor) System
Pyramidal (Voluntary Motor) System

... Contrasting Upper Motor Neuron vs. Lower Motor Neuron Lesions Upper Motor Neuron: lesions of the pyramidal tract (corticospinal) results in spasticity, hyperreflexia, hypertonia, and positive Babinski sign Lower Motor Neuron: lesions of cell bodies of motor neurons (in cranial nerve motor nuclei or ...
Endogenous Stem Cells in the Adult Murine Spinal Cord
Endogenous Stem Cells in the Adult Murine Spinal Cord

... Neural stem cell culture: Spinal cords were isolated from either 5-7 week old adult or 12.5 days gestation embryonic C57BL/6J animals, dissociated with papain, and plated in neurobasal medium, N2 supplement, 20 ng/ml bFGF, 10 ng/ml EGF (Invitrogen), and 2 µg/ml heparin (Sigma). Neurospheres were exp ...
The differing effects of occipital and trunk somites on neural
The differing effects of occipital and trunk somites on neural

... dorsal root ganglia are never fully formed. One or two ganglia do develop transiently, in the region of the caudal hypoglossal rootlets and the first cervical spinal nerve. These are known as 'Froriep's' ganglia, so named by Wilhelm His (1888) after their discoverer (Froriep, 1882). The two to four ...
A Pain in the Ear: The Radiology of Otalgia
A Pain in the Ear: The Radiology of Otalgia

... of the base of the tongue are more rare than tumors of the oral tongue and have a worse prognosis, both because they are histologically high-grade tumors and because they tend to remain clinically silent until large and bulky ...
PDF
PDF

... Background: Ventral root avulsion is a proximal nerve root lesion in which ventral motor nerve rootlets are torn from surface of the spinal cord, resulting in extensive death of motoneurons. It has been previously shown that if such lesioning is performed in an animal with experimental autoimmune en ...
Impact of acute inflammation on spinal motoneuron synaptic
Impact of acute inflammation on spinal motoneuron synaptic

... Background: Ventral root avulsion is a proximal nerve root lesion in which ventral motor nerve rootlets are torn from surface of the spinal cord, resulting in extensive death of motoneurons. It has been previously shown that if such lesioning is performed in an animal with experimental autoimmune en ...
JEJUNUM AND ILEUM Jejunum begins at the duodenojejunal flexure
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...  Lies anterior and to the right of the SMA in the root of the mesentery  Ends posterior to the neck of the pancreas, where it unites with the splenic vein to form hepatic portal vein Intestinal villi absorb fat lacteals o Lymph nodes involved are juxta-intestinal lymph nodes—located close to inte ...
Optical Control of Muscle Function by Transplantation of Stem Cell
Optical Control of Muscle Function by Transplantation of Stem Cell

... the peripheral nerve environment (Fig. 2A), but also mature morphologically to resemble adult spinal motor neurons and express the mature motor neuron marker choline acetyltransferase (Fig. 2B). Immunodetection of ChR2-YFP, using an antibody to GFP, demonstrates that ChR2 is localized to the membran ...
R Spinal Cord A-1 - UMass Medical School
R Spinal Cord A-1 - UMass Medical School

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Reconstruction of the nigrostriatal dopamine pathway in the adult
Reconstruction of the nigrostriatal dopamine pathway in the adult

... studies to detect significant long-distance axon growth from intranigral DA neuron transplants could be due to the techniques used for graft implantation and visualization of the graft-derived axonal projections. Here, we have made use of donor tissue from a transgenic mouse in which green fluorescent ...
ph16neuro lectures
ph16neuro lectures

... specialized regions (e.g. the outer segments in photoreceptors transduce light to neural signals). C. Axon - carries outgoing neural signals, and also transport proteins and polypeptides made in the cell body to terminal (orthograde), and neurotrophins such as nerve growth factor from terminal where ...
An ancestral axial twist explains the contralateral forebrain and the
An ancestral axial twist explains the contralateral forebrain and the

... As we will see below (section 4) all extant and fossil vertebrates possess an optic chiasm. The model is therefore based on the hypothesis that an ancestor of all vertebrates has turned on its left side, by a 90° turn about the body axis (i.e. anti-clockwise from the perspective of the embryo). As t ...
Basilar artery aneurysm with autonomic features: an interesting
Basilar artery aneurysm with autonomic features: an interesting

... via the trigeminovascular system. These disorders include cluster headache, paroxysmal hemicrania and SUNCT (short lasting neuralgiform headache with conjunctival injection and tearing) syndrome, which may be collectively described as trigeminal autonomic cephalgias.5 A lesser degree of parasympathe ...
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Neuroregeneration

Neuroregeneration refers to the regrowth or repair of nervous tissues, cells or cell products. Such mechanisms may include generation of new neurons, glia, axons, myelin, or synapses. Neuroregeneration differs between the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and the central nervous system (CNS) by the functional mechanisms and especially the extent and speed. When an axon is damaged, the distal segment undergoes Wallerian degeneration, losing its myelin sheath. The proximal segment can either die by apoptosis or undergo the chromatolytic reaction, which is an attempt at repair. In the CNS, synaptic stripping occurs as glial foot processes invade the dead synapse.Nervous system injuries affect over 90,000 people every year. It is estimated that spinal cord injuries alone affect 10,000 each year. As a result of this high incidence of neurological injuries, nerve regeneration and repair, a subfield of neural tissue engineering, is becoming a rapidly growing field dedicated to the discovery of new ways to recover nerve functionality after injury. The nervous system is divided into two parts: the central nervous system, which consists of the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system, which consists of cranial and spinal nerves along with their associated ganglia. While the peripheral nervous system has an intrinsic ability for repair and regeneration, the central nervous system is, for the most part, incapable of self-repair and regeneration. There is currently no treatment for recovering human nerve function after injury to the central nervous system. In addition, multiple attempts at nerve re-growth across the PNS-CNS transition have not been successful. There is simply not enough knowledge about regeneration in the central nervous system. In addition, although the peripheral nervous system has the capability for regeneration, much research still needs to be done to optimize the environment for maximum regrowth potential. Neuroregeneration is important clinically, as it is part of the pathogenesis of many diseases, including multiple sclerosis.
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