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Antipyretic-analgesic and antiinflammatory drugs
Antipyretic-analgesic and antiinflammatory drugs

... temporary loss of sensation without a loss of consciousness. (2) Unlike general anesthetics, they normally do not cause central nervous system (CNS) depression. ...
Cranial Nerves
Cranial Nerves

... 1. Motor innervation to muscles of face, eyes, tongue, jaw and two neck muscles. 2. Somatosensory information from skin and muscles of face and TMJ, and special sensory information (olfactory, visual, auditory, vestibular, taste, and visceral sensations) 3. Parasympathetic regulation of heart rate, ...
Slide ()
Slide ()

... Interaural time differences localize sound sources in the horizontal plane. A. When a sound, such as a pure tone, arises from the right, the right ear detects the sound earlier than the left ear. The difference in the time of arrival at the two ears is the interaural time delay (ITD). Cochlear nerve ...
13-2nd, 3rd, 4th & 6th cranial nerves
13-2nd, 3rd, 4th & 6th cranial nerves

...  It passes through cavernous sinus, lying below and lateral to the internal carotid artery.  Then it enters the orbit through the superior orbital fissure.  It supplies; the lateral rectus muscle which rotates the eye ball laterally ; (abduction). ...
Neuroscience Flash Cards, Second Edition
Neuroscience Flash Cards, Second Edition

... cell enwraps a single internodal region of axon with a myelin sheath. Unmyelinated axons (small primary sensory axons, most postganglionic autonomic axons) are protected by a layer of Schwann cell cytoplasm. CNS axons are myelinated by oligodendrocytes; a single oligodendrocyte extends processes to ...
Nervous System 1
Nervous System 1

... • The end of one neuron is not connected to the next. There is always a small gap between them. The gap is called a synapse. • When an impulse reaches the end of an axon, a chemical is produced. The chemical diffuses across the gap. It starts off an impulse in the next neuron . • Only one end of a n ...
UNIT 3A: Biological Bases of Behavior – Neural Processing and the
UNIT 3A: Biological Bases of Behavior – Neural Processing and the

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Chapter 40
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... The vertebrate nervous system has two main divisions: CNS and PNS A. The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord B. The PNS is made up of sensory receptors and nerves 1. Afferent nerves are sensory 2. Efferent nerves innervate muscles or glands and are motor a) The PNS can be divided into the soma ...
Levetiracetam in the Treatment of Epilepsy
Levetiracetam in the Treatment of Epilepsy

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Synergy between Transplantation of Olig2

... roles in the treatment of SCI. In this study, the MBP-T cells, which can express IFN-, IL-10, and IL-13 after activation in vitro, were passively immunized to spinal cord injured rats within one day after SCI. The NSCs, which infected with lentivirus expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP-NSCs) ...
Peripheric nervous system. Vegetative nervous system
Peripheric nervous system. Vegetative nervous system

... long axons are directed to the organs; 2) the second type – afferent cells have processes of equal length; their long dendrites and axon form synapses with the I and III types of cells in the neughbouring ganglia; 3) the third type are associated or intercalated cells; they connect several cells of ...
nervous system - Cloudfront.net
nervous system - Cloudfront.net

... What is the function of the nervous system? • The nervous system is made up of the structures that control actions and reactions of the body in response to stimuli in the environment. • The nervous system has two parts: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). ...
Biology 13A
Biology 13A

... b. may be excitatory or inhibitory c. are always inhibitory d. depend on the response of the membrane receptor e. b and d from above are correct 5. All of the following apply to preganglionic neurons of the ANS sympathetic division except a. their cell bodies are located between spinal segments T1 a ...
Peripheral Nerve Segment Defect Repair
Peripheral Nerve Segment Defect Repair

... Neurovascular system ...
Ch 14: Peripheral Nervous System
Ch 14: Peripheral Nervous System

... Ch 14: Peripheral Nervous System ...
Biology 4 Practice Exam Chapter 16 – Autonomic Nervous System 1
Biology 4 Practice Exam Chapter 16 – Autonomic Nervous System 1

... b. may be excitatory or inhibitory c. are always inhibitory d. depend on the response of the membrane receptor e. b and d from above are correct 5. All of the following apply to preganglionic neurons of the ANS sympathetic division except a. their cell bodies are located between spinal segments T1 a ...
chapter32_part2
chapter32_part2

... framework for neurons, insulate neuron axons, assist neurons metabolically, and protect the brain from injury and disease. • Because neuroglia have essential roles in assisting neurons, diseases that impair neuroglia impair the function of the nervous system. • Unlike neurons, most types of neurogli ...
Peripheral Nervous System - cK-12
Peripheral Nervous System - cK-12

... under your control, such as waving your hand or kicking a ball. The girl pictured below (Figure 1.6) is using her somatic nervous system to control the muscles needed to play the violin. Her brain sends messages to motor neurons that move her hands so she can play. Without the messages from her brai ...
Nervous System
Nervous System

... that carries the signal to the next cell. Length of neurons varies depending on their location. Neurons located in CNS could be a few millimeter long but some of the neurons in PNS could be more than a meter long. In a normal human body, there are about two billion neurons, approximately 1 billion i ...
Everson Nervous system I. Functional/ Anatomical Divisions A
Everson Nervous system I. Functional/ Anatomical Divisions A

... 1. Motor neuron 2. Sensory neuron 3. Interneuron B. Schwann Cells 1. neurolemma 2. PNS cells 1. Glial cells types and functions : 1. Oligodendrocytes 2. Astrocytes 3. Microglia 4. Ependyma C. Nerve cell impulse transmission: the electricity! 1. Essentially the same as described in muscle impulse. 2. ...
THE NERVOUS SYSTEM I
THE NERVOUS SYSTEM I

... between neurons almost always occurs by chemical rather than electrical means. • Action potential causes release of specific chemical that are stored in synaptic vesicles in the presynaptic ending. • These chemicals are known as neurotransmitters and diffuse across the narrow gap between pre- and po ...
1 • In the animals of highly developed organization consisting of
1 • In the animals of highly developed organization consisting of

... silver impregnation is performed, fine fibrils appear around the nucleus very densely, and run in all directions in cell body and through there from dendrites into dendrites and from cell body into the neurite; these are called neurofibrils. • Dendrites: These are protoplasmic processes, radiating f ...
CH3
CH3

...  The medulla is the most caudal portion of brain and is rostral to the spinal cord  The medulla contains part of the reticular formation  The nuclei of the medulla control vital functions such as regulation of the cardiovascular system, breathing, and skeletal muscle tone ...
Pathology of the Peripheral Nervous System
Pathology of the Peripheral Nervous System

... if injury to the neuron or axon is sufficiently sever, there will be rapid disintegration and death of the axon Histo:  globules of myelin accompanied by simulatneous loss of the axon  identical to Wallerian degeneration Regeneration occurs (no gliosis in PNS)  regenerative clusters – small group ...
Biology 231
Biology 231

... dendrites – short, branched receiving portion of neuron axon – single, long sending portion of neuron synapse – site where neuron communicates with another cell releases a chemical neurotransmitter (eg. acetylcholine) sensory neuron – axon sends signals to the CNS motor neuron – axon sends signals a ...
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Neuroregeneration

Neuroregeneration refers to the regrowth or repair of nervous tissues, cells or cell products. Such mechanisms may include generation of new neurons, glia, axons, myelin, or synapses. Neuroregeneration differs between the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and the central nervous system (CNS) by the functional mechanisms and especially the extent and speed. When an axon is damaged, the distal segment undergoes Wallerian degeneration, losing its myelin sheath. The proximal segment can either die by apoptosis or undergo the chromatolytic reaction, which is an attempt at repair. In the CNS, synaptic stripping occurs as glial foot processes invade the dead synapse.Nervous system injuries affect over 90,000 people every year. It is estimated that spinal cord injuries alone affect 10,000 each year. As a result of this high incidence of neurological injuries, nerve regeneration and repair, a subfield of neural tissue engineering, is becoming a rapidly growing field dedicated to the discovery of new ways to recover nerve functionality after injury. The nervous system is divided into two parts: the central nervous system, which consists of the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system, which consists of cranial and spinal nerves along with their associated ganglia. While the peripheral nervous system has an intrinsic ability for repair and regeneration, the central nervous system is, for the most part, incapable of self-repair and regeneration. There is currently no treatment for recovering human nerve function after injury to the central nervous system. In addition, multiple attempts at nerve re-growth across the PNS-CNS transition have not been successful. There is simply not enough knowledge about regeneration in the central nervous system. In addition, although the peripheral nervous system has the capability for regeneration, much research still needs to be done to optimize the environment for maximum regrowth potential. Neuroregeneration is important clinically, as it is part of the pathogenesis of many diseases, including multiple sclerosis.
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