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The Nervous System: Neural Tissue
The Nervous System: Neural Tissue

... Resting Potential •  Sodium ions are in large concentration along the outside of the cell membrane •  Potassium ions are in large concentration along the inside of the cell membrane ...
Spinal Cord Tutorial 101
Spinal Cord Tutorial 101

... multiple functions. Labs pursuing this approach include the Black Lab, the Choi Lab, the Cotman Lab, and the Parada Lab. 2. Promoting new growth through substrate or guidance molecules Substrate and guidance molecules may improve targeting once axons have been encouraged to regenerate past the lesio ...
Nervous system
Nervous system

... Return to Resting Potential • Sodium-potassium pump restores original configuration – Requires ATP ...
Chapter 9 - Nervous System
Chapter 9 - Nervous System

... Neurons can be grouped in two main ways: on the basis of structural differences (bipolar, unipolar, and multipolar neurons), and by functional differences (sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons). a. Multipolar neurons have many nerve fibers arising from their cell bodies and are commonly ...
Neurons and Astrocytes
Neurons and Astrocytes

... We simply do not have enough neurons in the brain to deal with everything at once. If our neurons had to think about every little thing that we did, it would be all too overwhelming. This is where the astrocytes come in. If something happens numerous times the astrocytes say “let’s not think about t ...
The Nervous System
The Nervous System

... filled with cerebrospinal ...
Lecture Cranial Nerves 1
Lecture Cranial Nerves 1

... Gross Anatomy: Cranial Nerve Introduction (Grays, pages 807; 848-854) ...
Chapter 10 - Nervous System I
Chapter 10 - Nervous System I

... nervous system. B. Organs of the nervous system can be divided into the central nervous system (CNS), made up of the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system (PNS), made up of peripheral nerves that connect the CNS to the rest of the body. C. The nervous system provides sensory, inte ...
Homeostasis Review Definitions
Homeostasis Review Definitions

... Specialized cells of the nervous system which relay signals to the spinal cord and brain. ...
Chapter 14
Chapter 14

... by several bees. She complains of wheezing and shortness of breath. On examination, the client is in acute distress. BP is 98/56 mmHg, PR 110/min, RR 28/min, and temperature 98.7°F. She is immediately treated with supplemental oxygen. In treating this condition further, what drug is required most ur ...
Module 3
Module 3

... -Lack of serotonin has been linked to ...
Inquiry into Life, Eleventh Edition
Inquiry into Life, Eleventh Edition

... The limbic system and higher mental functions cont’d. • Long-term memory storage and retrieval – Memories are stored in bits and pieces in association areas – Hippocampus pulls these all together to allow us to recall them all as a single event – Amygdala is responsible for emotions associated with ...
Document
Document

... During this time the axon cannot transmit an action potential no matter how great the stimulus. During repolarization, the rapid pumping of sodium causes a momentary hyperpolarization. ...
Unit 6 Nervous System
Unit 6 Nervous System

... Made up of sensory neurons that convey information from the cutaneous and special sense receptors in the head, body wall, and extremities to the CNS  Also contains the motor neurons from the CNS that conduct impulses to the skeletal muscles ...
The Nervous System
The Nervous System

... cell and K+ OUT the cell by active transport. – A difference in charges has to occur for the neuron to become active and transmit messages. ...
15 2nd,3rd, 4th &6th..
15 2nd,3rd, 4th &6th..

... abducent nerves in the brain stem. Describe the type and site of each nucleus. Describe the site of emergence and course of these 3 nerves. Describe the important relations of optic, occulomotor trochlear, and abducent nerves in the orbit. List the orbital muscles supplied by each of these 3 ner ...
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notes Ch. 40 tissues

... Bone – most specialized Cartilage & fibrous ...
Chapter 12
Chapter 12

... Meissner’s corpuscles: in hairless part of skin and lips; detect fine touch Free nerve endings: in epithelial tissue; responsible for sensation of itch Fullness after eating a meal is due to both lamellated corpuscles and free nerve endings. 4. Pain Nerve Pathways 2 main types of pain fibers: Acute: ...
Nervous System
Nervous System

... • The autonomic nervous system controls involuntary functions like digesting food, breathing • sympathetic nervous system: controls “fight or flight” response ...
Neural Control - Del Mar College
Neural Control - Del Mar College

... B Arrival of a sufficiently large signal in the trigger zone raises the membrane potential to threshold level. Gated sodium channels open and sodium (Na+) flows down its concentration gradient into the cytoplasm. Sodium inflow reverses the voltage across the membrane. Fig. 33-8b, p. 558 ...
Chapter 2
Chapter 2

... – Outside the Axon= positive ions – Inside the Axon= negative ions – Even positive and negative= resting potential, which acts like a gate . – Depolarization= unfreezes or ungates the axon allowing the message to go through – Refractory period= resting period, when extra atoms are pushed out – Some ...
- Annals of Eye Science
- Annals of Eye Science

... optic nerve is gradual and silent. And it’s hard to detect a clear anatomical abnormality of optic nerve in glaucoma. So re-growth of axon and redirection of axon to its original spatial position is quite hard. Without accurate localization of axon back to the central nervous system (CNS), it’s impo ...
Foot Drop and the Common Peroneal Nerve
Foot Drop and the Common Peroneal Nerve

... You can walk immediately after the surgery. Sensory and motor function can take up to one year to recover. ...
Nervous System  Dr. Ali Ebneshahidi © 2016 Ebneshahidi
Nervous System Dr. Ali Ebneshahidi © 2016 Ebneshahidi

...  All neurons have a cell body called soma. Although there is DNA in the neuron, somehow DNA replication and mitosis do not occur, resulting in the neurons lack of ability to reproduce or regenerate. Extensions of the soma form nerve such as dendrites which conduct nerve impulses toward the soma, an ...
power point for chap 11
power point for chap 11

... more susceptible than others, but there is no evidence that MS is directly inherited. • MS occurs more commonly among people with northern European ancestry, but people of African, Asian, and Hispanic backgrounds are not immune. • Approximately 400,000 Americans acknowledge having MS, and every week ...
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Neuroregeneration

Neuroregeneration refers to the regrowth or repair of nervous tissues, cells or cell products. Such mechanisms may include generation of new neurons, glia, axons, myelin, or synapses. Neuroregeneration differs between the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and the central nervous system (CNS) by the functional mechanisms and especially the extent and speed. When an axon is damaged, the distal segment undergoes Wallerian degeneration, losing its myelin sheath. The proximal segment can either die by apoptosis or undergo the chromatolytic reaction, which is an attempt at repair. In the CNS, synaptic stripping occurs as glial foot processes invade the dead synapse.Nervous system injuries affect over 90,000 people every year. It is estimated that spinal cord injuries alone affect 10,000 each year. As a result of this high incidence of neurological injuries, nerve regeneration and repair, a subfield of neural tissue engineering, is becoming a rapidly growing field dedicated to the discovery of new ways to recover nerve functionality after injury. The nervous system is divided into two parts: the central nervous system, which consists of the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system, which consists of cranial and spinal nerves along with their associated ganglia. While the peripheral nervous system has an intrinsic ability for repair and regeneration, the central nervous system is, for the most part, incapable of self-repair and regeneration. There is currently no treatment for recovering human nerve function after injury to the central nervous system. In addition, multiple attempts at nerve re-growth across the PNS-CNS transition have not been successful. There is simply not enough knowledge about regeneration in the central nervous system. In addition, although the peripheral nervous system has the capability for regeneration, much research still needs to be done to optimize the environment for maximum regrowth potential. Neuroregeneration is important clinically, as it is part of the pathogenesis of many diseases, including multiple sclerosis.
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