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THE NERVOUS SYSTEM I
THE NERVOUS SYSTEM I

... neurons almost always occurs by chemical rather than electrical means. • Action potential causes release of specific chemical that are stored in synaptic vesicles in the presynaptic ending. • These chemicals are known as neurotransmitters and diffuse across the narrow gap between pre- and postsynapt ...
SENSORY INNERVATION OF HEAD
SENSORY INNERVATION OF HEAD

... Cervical plexus (C2-C4) anterior and lateral; dorsal primary rami posterior side ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... the same affect • Addiction: the need to continue obtaining and using a substance; no free choice • Withdrawal: physical symptoms that occur upon stopping the drug ...
Lysbilde 1
Lysbilde 1

... ...
Central Nervous System
Central Nervous System

... • Myelinated axons – Plasma membrane of Schwann cells or Oligodendrocytes repeatedly wraps around a segment of an axon to form the myelin sheath – Myelin is a whitish, fatty (protein-lipid), segmented sheath around most long axons – It functions to: • Protect the axon • Electrically insulate fibers ...
Neuroscience Course Conference
Neuroscience Course Conference

... c. What might be the side effects of such a drug? 3. Although gNa increases as a graded function of membrane depolarization (Fig. 9-6 of textbook), the action potential has a discrete voltage threshold. Why? 4. During epileptic seizures, massive synchronous bursts of activity in cortical neurons cau ...
Brain
Brain

... – ex. Kneejerk ...
Applicator - Research - Vanderbilt University
Applicator - Research - Vanderbilt University

... •Little change in potassium and sodium concentration levels in extracellular and intracellular fluids of the brain. These electrolytes are important to the function of many systems, homeostasis, and iron regulation in the body and play a role in nerve stimulation. ...
Psy101 Brain.lst
Psy101 Brain.lst

... Explain the anatomy of a neuron including: dendrite, soma, axon, myelin sheath, axon terminal, terminal buttons/synaptic vesicles and synapse. Give an example of how a message travels through the neuron. ...
THE WORKING OF THE HUMAN BRAIN
THE WORKING OF THE HUMAN BRAIN

...  Blocks the receptors on the axons of neurons and inhibits them from firing  Also connected with the reward mechanisms in the brain and is responsible for pleasant feelings ...
Fundamental Types of Neurons
Fundamental Types of Neurons

... sequential opening of voltage-gated Na+ channels down entire length of axon • Nerve signal (nondecremental) travels at 2m/sec ...
Cell Structure: From an Information Processing View
Cell Structure: From an Information Processing View

... central nervous system to the effector organs (such as muscles and glands) are called motor (or efferent) neurons ...
The Nervous System - Science with Mr. Enns
The Nervous System - Science with Mr. Enns

... It is the most complex thing in the universe. It contains roughly 100 billion neurons. Each neuron connects with 100,000 others. The brain uses 1/3 of the food we eat each day. The fastest supercomputer in the world is nothing compared to the average brain. ...
The Nervous System workbooklet
The Nervous System workbooklet

... The brain has billions of neurons that receive, analyse, and store information about internal and external conditions. It is also the source of conscious and unconscious thoughts, moods, and emotions. Four major brain divisions govern its main functions: the cerebrum, the diencephalon, the cerebellu ...
successful transplantation of motoneurons into the peripheral nerve
successful transplantation of motoneurons into the peripheral nerve

... stained with both b-tubulin III and islet-1 by the number of nuclei. In the dissociated ventral spinal cord cells, 82.9 ± 2.1% of the cells were positive for both b-tubulin III and islet-1. With the transplantation of 200,000 cells in group A and 1 million cells in group B, we estimate that an avera ...
Membrane potential
Membrane potential

... channels in the membrane to open • As a result of ion flow through these channels, the inside of neuron briefly ...
Neuro 16 Neurotransmitters Student
Neuro 16 Neurotransmitters Student

... GABAergic neurons of caudate nucleus and putamen project to substantia nigra and globus pallidus.  Reduced concentrations in patients with Huntington’s chorea: ...
Therapeutic techniques
Therapeutic techniques

... bladder, amongst other problems. While specific procedures may require general anesthesia, other procedures can be performed with only sedation and local anesthetic blocks. Because of the small incisions that are made with this technique, many horses are able to return to athletic usefulness much fa ...
DESIRED RESULTS (STAGE 1) - Anoka
DESIRED RESULTS (STAGE 1) - Anoka

... The parts and functions of the endocrine system central nervous system peripheral nervous system The Difference between the two hemispheres somatic nervous system autonomic nervous system The structure of the nervous system hormone limbic system How neurons communicate To understand, students will n ...
ANS_jh - Fullfrontalanatomy.com
ANS_jh - Fullfrontalanatomy.com

... Simplified pathway: sensory neurons to spinothalamic tract to thalamus to cerebral cortex Visceral pain is induced by stretching, infection and cramping of internal organs but seldom by cutting (e.g. cutting off a colon ...
Worksheet - Humble ISD
Worksheet - Humble ISD

... There are 3 types of neurons, they are _______________, ______________, & _______________. The ______________ neuron carries impulses from the brain to muscles or glands. The _________________ neuron connects the other two types together. Lastly, the ____________ neuron carries impulses from sense o ...
Tissues of the Body
Tissues of the Body

... movement leading to heart beat. These are also under involuntary control ...
No Slide Title
No Slide Title

... Are action potentials always propagated between cells? Different action potentials from varying neurons can simultaneously influence the neuron they collectively synapse with to create ________ ___________ ...
ANPS 019 Beneyto-Santonja 10-29
ANPS 019 Beneyto-Santonja 10-29

... from skin/muscle, visceral from organs 2. Sensory neuron enters dorsal part of spinal cord to synapse on gray matter neuron 3. Information integration by interneurons (not required for reflexes) 4. Motor neurons exit ventral part of spinal cord 5. Effector (muscle, gland) responds Anatomy of the Spi ...
Nervous System
Nervous System

... the central nervous system (CNS); the connecting nerve processes to effectors and receptors serve as the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Special sense receptors provide for taste, smell, sight, hearing, and balance. Nerves carry all messages exchanged between the CNS and the rest of the body. CNS: ...
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Neuroregeneration

Neuroregeneration refers to the regrowth or repair of nervous tissues, cells or cell products. Such mechanisms may include generation of new neurons, glia, axons, myelin, or synapses. Neuroregeneration differs between the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and the central nervous system (CNS) by the functional mechanisms and especially the extent and speed. When an axon is damaged, the distal segment undergoes Wallerian degeneration, losing its myelin sheath. The proximal segment can either die by apoptosis or undergo the chromatolytic reaction, which is an attempt at repair. In the CNS, synaptic stripping occurs as glial foot processes invade the dead synapse.Nervous system injuries affect over 90,000 people every year. It is estimated that spinal cord injuries alone affect 10,000 each year. As a result of this high incidence of neurological injuries, nerve regeneration and repair, a subfield of neural tissue engineering, is becoming a rapidly growing field dedicated to the discovery of new ways to recover nerve functionality after injury. The nervous system is divided into two parts: the central nervous system, which consists of the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system, which consists of cranial and spinal nerves along with their associated ganglia. While the peripheral nervous system has an intrinsic ability for repair and regeneration, the central nervous system is, for the most part, incapable of self-repair and regeneration. There is currently no treatment for recovering human nerve function after injury to the central nervous system. In addition, multiple attempts at nerve re-growth across the PNS-CNS transition have not been successful. There is simply not enough knowledge about regeneration in the central nervous system. In addition, although the peripheral nervous system has the capability for regeneration, much research still needs to be done to optimize the environment for maximum regrowth potential. Neuroregeneration is important clinically, as it is part of the pathogenesis of many diseases, including multiple sclerosis.
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