REVIEW GAME Final Exam PART I
... Arrange the following in the proper order in which they occur at the post-synaptic side of a excitatory synapse. 1. The neurotransmitter binds to its matching, specific ligand-gated ion-channel on the membrane of the post-synaptic neuron. 2. An action potential is propagated along the post-synaptic ...
... Arrange the following in the proper order in which they occur at the post-synaptic side of a excitatory synapse. 1. The neurotransmitter binds to its matching, specific ligand-gated ion-channel on the membrane of the post-synaptic neuron. 2. An action potential is propagated along the post-synaptic ...
CASE 45
... In salt taste receptors, transduction occurs when a rise in Na+ concentration in the saliva results in sufficient influx of Na+ through voltage-insensitive epithelial Na+ channels (ENaCs), which are always open, to depolarize the cell. As in most taste cells, this leads to the opening of depolarizat ...
... In salt taste receptors, transduction occurs when a rise in Na+ concentration in the saliva results in sufficient influx of Na+ through voltage-insensitive epithelial Na+ channels (ENaCs), which are always open, to depolarize the cell. As in most taste cells, this leads to the opening of depolarizat ...
What is Motor Neuron
... neuron involvement. However, most patients who initially have only upper motor neuron signs eventually develop lower motor neuron signs and go to have ALS. Thus, to be certain that a patient has PLS they must be followed for 3-4 years to be certain that lower motor neuron signs do not develop. PLS h ...
... neuron involvement. However, most patients who initially have only upper motor neuron signs eventually develop lower motor neuron signs and go to have ALS. Thus, to be certain that a patient has PLS they must be followed for 3-4 years to be certain that lower motor neuron signs do not develop. PLS h ...
Responding to the environment humans
... Muscle - Contracts, Relaxes = functions antagonistically Gland - Endocrine or Exocrine = Hormones / Bodily fluids. ...
... Muscle - Contracts, Relaxes = functions antagonistically Gland - Endocrine or Exocrine = Hormones / Bodily fluids. ...
Organization of Somatic Nervous system, Spinal nerve and Reflex arc
... 3, Axon hillock;Origin 4. No rough ER--No protein synthesis 5. Axon terminal 6. Chromatophilic-----no Nissl body ...
... 3, Axon hillock;Origin 4. No rough ER--No protein synthesis 5. Axon terminal 6. Chromatophilic-----no Nissl body ...
Chapter 9
... _______________________at the ends of peripheral nerves gather information and convert it into____________________. B. When sensory impulses are integrated in the brain as______________, this is the integrative function of the nervous system. C. Conscious or subconscious decisions follow, leading to ...
... _______________________at the ends of peripheral nerves gather information and convert it into____________________. B. When sensory impulses are integrated in the brain as______________, this is the integrative function of the nervous system. C. Conscious or subconscious decisions follow, leading to ...
The Brainstem (or brain stem) 4/5/2010
... • Motor neurons located in the ventral horns send their axons out to muscle fibers via the ventral roots. ANS axons also exit via the ventral roots • Although there are sensory nerves and motor nerves that enter and exit the brainstem there are no “dorsal or ventral horns” in the brainstem. ...
... • Motor neurons located in the ventral horns send their axons out to muscle fibers via the ventral roots. ANS axons also exit via the ventral roots • Although there are sensory nerves and motor nerves that enter and exit the brainstem there are no “dorsal or ventral horns” in the brainstem. ...
Class 10: Other Senses
... bends the receptor opening ion channels ¢ Pacinian Corpuscle: pressure onset / offset detector • The structure of the Pacinian corpuscle makes the receptor selective to onset & offset stimuli and not to constant stimulus ...
... bends the receptor opening ion channels ¢ Pacinian Corpuscle: pressure onset / offset detector • The structure of the Pacinian corpuscle makes the receptor selective to onset & offset stimuli and not to constant stimulus ...
Slide 1 - Cloudfront.net
... • 48.The diagram illustrates referred pain in which pain stimuli arising in the viscera is perceived as somatic in origin. For example, pain in the superior thoracic wall and along the medial aspect of what arm could indicate a ...
... • 48.The diagram illustrates referred pain in which pain stimuli arising in the viscera is perceived as somatic in origin. For example, pain in the superior thoracic wall and along the medial aspect of what arm could indicate a ...
Lab Activity 14 - Portland Community College
... higher in the cord than the relevant synapse including the brain itself. • The purpose of testing reflexes is to check the integrity of the system as a whole. • An absent reflex indicates a problem somewhere in the reflex arc but it does not tell you where. ...
... higher in the cord than the relevant synapse including the brain itself. • The purpose of testing reflexes is to check the integrity of the system as a whole. • An absent reflex indicates a problem somewhere in the reflex arc but it does not tell you where. ...
Downloadable Powerpoint File ()
... Glu release via effects on Ca2+ flux • Postsynaptic sigma 1 Rs may indirectly modulate NMDA responses, via effects on intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis ...
... Glu release via effects on Ca2+ flux • Postsynaptic sigma 1 Rs may indirectly modulate NMDA responses, via effects on intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis ...
Biological explanation of schizophrenia (1)
... OF SCHIZOPHRENIA (1) The function of neurotransmitters ...
... OF SCHIZOPHRENIA (1) The function of neurotransmitters ...
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM – PARASYMPATHETIC
... • Stimulates digestive glands • Increases motility of smooth muscle of digestive tract • Decreases heart rate ...
... • Stimulates digestive glands • Increases motility of smooth muscle of digestive tract • Decreases heart rate ...
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM – PARASYMPATHETIC
... • Stimulates digestive glands • Increases motility of smooth muscle of digestive tract • Decreases heart rate • Causes bronchial constriction Sacral outflow (S2-4): form pelvic splanchnic nerves ...
... • Stimulates digestive glands • Increases motility of smooth muscle of digestive tract • Decreases heart rate • Causes bronchial constriction Sacral outflow (S2-4): form pelvic splanchnic nerves ...
Autonomic Nervous System
... 1. The adrenergic neurons release norepinephrine (Figure 15.7) and include most sympathetic postganglionic neurons. 2. The main types of adrenergic receptors are alpha and beta receptors. a. These receptors are further classified into subtypes. 1. Depending on the subtype, activation of the receptor ...
... 1. The adrenergic neurons release norepinephrine (Figure 15.7) and include most sympathetic postganglionic neurons. 2. The main types of adrenergic receptors are alpha and beta receptors. a. These receptors are further classified into subtypes. 1. Depending on the subtype, activation of the receptor ...
Part c
... neuron and opens voltage-gated Ca2+ channels • Synaptotagmin protein binds Ca2+ and promotes fusion of synaptic vesicles with axon membrane • Exocytosis of neurotransmitter occurs ...
... neuron and opens voltage-gated Ca2+ channels • Synaptotagmin protein binds Ca2+ and promotes fusion of synaptic vesicles with axon membrane • Exocytosis of neurotransmitter occurs ...
ch_11_lecture_outline_c
... neuron and opens voltage-gated Ca2+ channels • Synaptotagmin protein binds Ca2+ and promotes fusion of synaptic vesicles with axon membrane • Exocytosis of neurotransmitter occurs ...
... neuron and opens voltage-gated Ca2+ channels • Synaptotagmin protein binds Ca2+ and promotes fusion of synaptic vesicles with axon membrane • Exocytosis of neurotransmitter occurs ...
chapter 43 The Nervous System
... through specialized membrane proteins called ion channels. These ion channels are specific for different ions, such as K+or Na", and they can either be leakage channels (open all the time) or gated channels (open in response to a stimulus). Any separation of electric charges of opposite sign represe ...
... through specialized membrane proteins called ion channels. These ion channels are specific for different ions, such as K+or Na", and they can either be leakage channels (open all the time) or gated channels (open in response to a stimulus). Any separation of electric charges of opposite sign represe ...
Chapter 11 PowerPoint - Hillsborough Community College
... neuron and opens voltage-gated Ca2+ channels • Synaptotagmin protein binds Ca2+ and promotes fusion of synaptic vesicles with axon membrane • Exocytosis of neurotransmitter occurs ...
... neuron and opens voltage-gated Ca2+ channels • Synaptotagmin protein binds Ca2+ and promotes fusion of synaptic vesicles with axon membrane • Exocytosis of neurotransmitter occurs ...
The Autonomic Nervous System
... Cholinergic - relating to nerve cells that release or receptors which respond to ACH Cholinergic axons: all preganglionic autonomic fibers, all postganglionic parasympathetic fibers, postganglionic sympathetic fibers which innervate eccrine sweat glands and blood vessels in skeletal muscles which pr ...
... Cholinergic - relating to nerve cells that release or receptors which respond to ACH Cholinergic axons: all preganglionic autonomic fibers, all postganglionic parasympathetic fibers, postganglionic sympathetic fibers which innervate eccrine sweat glands and blood vessels in skeletal muscles which pr ...
Neuromuscular junction
A neuromuscular junction (sometimes called a myoneural junction) is a junction between nerve and muscle; it is a chemical synapse formed by the contact between the presynaptic terminal of a motor neuron and the postsynaptic membrane of a muscle fiber. It is at the neuromuscular junction that a motor neuron is able to transmit a signal to the muscle fiber, causing muscle contraction.Muscles require innervation to function—and even just to maintain muscle tone, avoiding atrophy. Synaptic transmission at the neuromuscular junction begins when an action potential reaches the presynaptic terminal of a motor neuron, which activates voltage-dependent calcium channels to allow calcium ions to enter the neuron. Calcium ions bind to sensor proteins (synaptotagmin) on synaptic vesicles, triggering vesicle fusion with the cell membrane and subsequent neurotransmitter release from the motor neuron into the synaptic cleft. In vertebrates, motor neurons release acetylcholine (ACh), a small molecule neurotransmitter, which diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) on the cell membrane of the muscle fiber, also known as the sarcolemma. nAChRs are ionotropic receptors, meaning they serve as ligand-gated ion channels. The binding of ACh to the receptor can depolarize the muscle fiber, causing a cascade that eventually results in muscle contraction.Neuromuscular junction diseases can be of genetic and autoimmune origin. Genetic disorders, such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy, can arise from mutated structural proteins that comprise the neuromuscular junction, whereas autoimmune diseases, such as myasthenia gravis, occur when antibodies are produced against nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on the sarcolemma.