the electrophysiology of photoreceptors in the nudibranch mollusc
... and appeared to be entirely depolarizing in sign. As shown in Text-fig. 6, the fluctuations were enhanced during low-level illumination and absent during intense illumination. They were suppressed after the termination of illumination for a period of time which varied with the intensity. While this ...
... and appeared to be entirely depolarizing in sign. As shown in Text-fig. 6, the fluctuations were enhanced during low-level illumination and absent during intense illumination. They were suppressed after the termination of illumination for a period of time which varied with the intensity. While this ...
Lower Limb Nerve Injuries
... Anterior tibial nerve supplies 1st web space Nerve conduction studies: 1. Motor Nerve Conduction Electrode placed in superficial nerve and measures o Measures CAMP – compound action muscle potential, if halved patient has lost half of nerve fibres o Time to reach muscle o Amplitude reaching musc ...
... Anterior tibial nerve supplies 1st web space Nerve conduction studies: 1. Motor Nerve Conduction Electrode placed in superficial nerve and measures o Measures CAMP – compound action muscle potential, if halved patient has lost half of nerve fibres o Time to reach muscle o Amplitude reaching musc ...
Review of Thoracic and Abdominal Autonomics
... from the T1-T4 chain ganglia—some pass through cervical ganglia on their way to the heart. It may seem odd that some of the pathways to the heart start in the thoracic spinal cord, run all the way up to the superior cervical ganglion, synapse, and then descend again into the thorax. This is a holdov ...
... from the T1-T4 chain ganglia—some pass through cervical ganglia on their way to the heart. It may seem odd that some of the pathways to the heart start in the thoracic spinal cord, run all the way up to the superior cervical ganglion, synapse, and then descend again into the thorax. This is a holdov ...
Clathrin-associated adaptor protein complexes
... transport regulated by AP complexes Each AP complex is involved in distinct transport pathways in the post-Golgi and/or endocytic network. AP-2 mediates the formation of CCVs from the plasma membrane for endocytosis, which are destined for fusion with early endosomes (Owen et al., 2004; Traub, 2005) ...
... transport regulated by AP complexes Each AP complex is involved in distinct transport pathways in the post-Golgi and/or endocytic network. AP-2 mediates the formation of CCVs from the plasma membrane for endocytosis, which are destined for fusion with early endosomes (Owen et al., 2004; Traub, 2005) ...
Nerve Cells and Nerve Impulses
... The Structure of a Neuron Dendrites: branching fibers that get narrower as they extend from the cell body toward the periphery; information receiver Dendritic spines: short outgrowths that increase the surface area available for synapses Cell body :contains the nucleus and other structures found in ...
... The Structure of a Neuron Dendrites: branching fibers that get narrower as they extend from the cell body toward the periphery; information receiver Dendritic spines: short outgrowths that increase the surface area available for synapses Cell body :contains the nucleus and other structures found in ...
Voltage-Gated Ion Channels and the Propagation of Action
... Action potentials move at speeds up to 100 meters per second. In humans, for instance, axons may be more than a meter long, yet it takes only a few milliseconds for an action potential to move along their length. Arrival of an action potential at an axon terminal leads to opening of voltagesensitive ...
... Action potentials move at speeds up to 100 meters per second. In humans, for instance, axons may be more than a meter long, yet it takes only a few milliseconds for an action potential to move along their length. Arrival of an action potential at an axon terminal leads to opening of voltagesensitive ...
Slide 1
... – rhythmic inhibition occurs to inhibit the stretch reflex. • This postsynaptic hyperpolarization appears to be responsible for the phasic inhibition of the stretch reflex during jaw-opening • motoneuron pool is inhibited during chewing. • The muscle spindle feedback is mainly controlled by cyclical ...
... – rhythmic inhibition occurs to inhibit the stretch reflex. • This postsynaptic hyperpolarization appears to be responsible for the phasic inhibition of the stretch reflex during jaw-opening • motoneuron pool is inhibited during chewing. • The muscle spindle feedback is mainly controlled by cyclical ...
ANPS 019 Black 12-05
... Why do we need somatic and autonomic nervous systems? How do the somatic and autonomic nervous systems differ? How do the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems differ? How does the hypothalamus control homeostasis? SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM Under conscious control Conscious cortical control o ...
... Why do we need somatic and autonomic nervous systems? How do the somatic and autonomic nervous systems differ? How do the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems differ? How does the hypothalamus control homeostasis? SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM Under conscious control Conscious cortical control o ...
1 Principles of structure and functioning of nervous system
... 5. An idea of a reflex and reflex arch, conditional and unconditional reflexes, equal closure of dermal, tendinous and periosteal reflexes.. 6. Anatomic peculiarities and neurophysiology of the accidental moves system. Methodic of the motor system exploration. ...
... 5. An idea of a reflex and reflex arch, conditional and unconditional reflexes, equal closure of dermal, tendinous and periosteal reflexes.. 6. Anatomic peculiarities and neurophysiology of the accidental moves system. Methodic of the motor system exploration. ...
PNS and Reflexes
... Motor – innervates part of the tongue and pharynx, and provides motor fibers to the parotid salivary gland Sensory – fibers conduct taste and general sensory impulses from the tongue and pharynx ...
... Motor – innervates part of the tongue and pharynx, and provides motor fibers to the parotid salivary gland Sensory – fibers conduct taste and general sensory impulses from the tongue and pharynx ...
The Neurological Examination
... Reflect Input from sensory receptors, sensory nerves, spinal cord, brainstem, through to the level of the Thalamus. Cortical Sensory Modalities Reflect Processing by the Somatosensory Cortex (post-central gyrus) ...
... Reflect Input from sensory receptors, sensory nerves, spinal cord, brainstem, through to the level of the Thalamus. Cortical Sensory Modalities Reflect Processing by the Somatosensory Cortex (post-central gyrus) ...
The Neurological Examination
... Reflect Input from sensory receptors, sensory nerves, spinal cord, brainstem, through to the level of the Thalamus. Cortical Sensory Modalities Reflect Processing by the Somatosensory Cortex (post-central gyrus) ...
... Reflect Input from sensory receptors, sensory nerves, spinal cord, brainstem, through to the level of the Thalamus. Cortical Sensory Modalities Reflect Processing by the Somatosensory Cortex (post-central gyrus) ...
a Tool for Relating Neuronal Form to Function
... pair) shows that voltage spreads from the teacher to the student synapse with little attenuation, which would favor voltage-dependent associative interactions. Figure 4B shows a different CAl pyramidal cell in which the apical dendrite bifurcates shortly after arising from the soma. Two teacher syna ...
... pair) shows that voltage spreads from the teacher to the student synapse with little attenuation, which would favor voltage-dependent associative interactions. Figure 4B shows a different CAl pyramidal cell in which the apical dendrite bifurcates shortly after arising from the soma. Two teacher syna ...
4-stretch reflex
... -One of the most important functions of the muscle spindle system is to stabilize body position during tense motor action and during walking and running - the bulboreticular facilitatory region transmit excitatory signals through the gamma nerve fibers to the intrafusal muscle fibers of the muscle ...
... -One of the most important functions of the muscle spindle system is to stabilize body position during tense motor action and during walking and running - the bulboreticular facilitatory region transmit excitatory signals through the gamma nerve fibers to the intrafusal muscle fibers of the muscle ...
sensory receptors
... 5. It is not blocked by local anesthetics. Local anesthetics prevent the development of the action potential at the first node of Ranvier but do not prevent the development of the generator potential. When the generator potential exceeds the threshold value, the frequency of discharge of impulses in ...
... 5. It is not blocked by local anesthetics. Local anesthetics prevent the development of the action potential at the first node of Ranvier but do not prevent the development of the generator potential. When the generator potential exceeds the threshold value, the frequency of discharge of impulses in ...
File: Chap011, Chapter 11: Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue
... Burn patients experience the destruction of cells and the release of cellular contents into the ECF. Burn patients are more likely to suffer from which of the following conditions? A) action potentials with exaggerated amplitudes B) tachycardia (a rapid heart rate) C) hyperpolarization of nerves and ...
... Burn patients experience the destruction of cells and the release of cellular contents into the ECF. Burn patients are more likely to suffer from which of the following conditions? A) action potentials with exaggerated amplitudes B) tachycardia (a rapid heart rate) C) hyperpolarization of nerves and ...
Chapter 11: Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue
... Burn patients experience the destruction of cells and the release of cellular contents into the ECF. Burn patients are more likely to suffer from which of the following conditions? A) action potentials with exaggerated amplitudes B) tachycardia (a rapid heart rate) C) hyperpolarization of nerves and ...
... Burn patients experience the destruction of cells and the release of cellular contents into the ECF. Burn patients are more likely to suffer from which of the following conditions? A) action potentials with exaggerated amplitudes B) tachycardia (a rapid heart rate) C) hyperpolarization of nerves and ...
Mechanisms of response homeostasis during retinocollicular map
... (LTD). These Hebbian changes, however, are inherently unstable and can lead to the runaway excitation or depression of a subset of synapses when left unchecked. For example, if LTP is based on the ability of a presynaptic neuron to fire a postsynaptic neuron effectively, then the resulting potentiat ...
... (LTD). These Hebbian changes, however, are inherently unstable and can lead to the runaway excitation or depression of a subset of synapses when left unchecked. For example, if LTP is based on the ability of a presynaptic neuron to fire a postsynaptic neuron effectively, then the resulting potentiat ...
Calcium and its significance in the bone metabolism
... excitability of cell membranes neuromuscular transmission and muscle contraction releasing of transmitters from synapses “second messenger” stimulates secretory activity of exocrine glands and releasing of hormones contractility of myocard blood coagulation ...
... excitability of cell membranes neuromuscular transmission and muscle contraction releasing of transmitters from synapses “second messenger” stimulates secretory activity of exocrine glands and releasing of hormones contractility of myocard blood coagulation ...
Chapter 16: Neural Integration II: The Autonomic Nervous System
... Inactivated by AChE at synapse Ach is also inactivated by pseudocholinesterase in surrounding tissues ...
... Inactivated by AChE at synapse Ach is also inactivated by pseudocholinesterase in surrounding tissues ...
Neuromuscular junction
A neuromuscular junction (sometimes called a myoneural junction) is a junction between nerve and muscle; it is a chemical synapse formed by the contact between the presynaptic terminal of a motor neuron and the postsynaptic membrane of a muscle fiber. It is at the neuromuscular junction that a motor neuron is able to transmit a signal to the muscle fiber, causing muscle contraction.Muscles require innervation to function—and even just to maintain muscle tone, avoiding atrophy. Synaptic transmission at the neuromuscular junction begins when an action potential reaches the presynaptic terminal of a motor neuron, which activates voltage-dependent calcium channels to allow calcium ions to enter the neuron. Calcium ions bind to sensor proteins (synaptotagmin) on synaptic vesicles, triggering vesicle fusion with the cell membrane and subsequent neurotransmitter release from the motor neuron into the synaptic cleft. In vertebrates, motor neurons release acetylcholine (ACh), a small molecule neurotransmitter, which diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) on the cell membrane of the muscle fiber, also known as the sarcolemma. nAChRs are ionotropic receptors, meaning they serve as ligand-gated ion channels. The binding of ACh to the receptor can depolarize the muscle fiber, causing a cascade that eventually results in muscle contraction.Neuromuscular junction diseases can be of genetic and autoimmune origin. Genetic disorders, such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy, can arise from mutated structural proteins that comprise the neuromuscular junction, whereas autoimmune diseases, such as myasthenia gravis, occur when antibodies are produced against nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on the sarcolemma.