The Motor System
... Imaging report: The CT image reveals a mass producing impingement of the lateral region of the right lateral column of the spinal cord at L1. What signs and symptoms would be expected from this lesion? ...
... Imaging report: The CT image reveals a mass producing impingement of the lateral region of the right lateral column of the spinal cord at L1. What signs and symptoms would be expected from this lesion? ...
Perceived exertion responses to novel elbow flexor eccentric action
... Submitted for publication February 2001. Accepted for publication October 2001. ...
... Submitted for publication February 2001. Accepted for publication October 2001. ...
Spatiotemporal Profiles of Proprioception Processed by
... from the masticatory muscles regulates orofacial motor function. However, these mechanisms are mostly unknown. The present study aimed to identify the regions that process proprioception of the jaw-closing muscles using in vivo optical imaging with a voltage-sensitive dye in rats under urethane anes ...
... from the masticatory muscles regulates orofacial motor function. However, these mechanisms are mostly unknown. The present study aimed to identify the regions that process proprioception of the jaw-closing muscles using in vivo optical imaging with a voltage-sensitive dye in rats under urethane anes ...
Properties and Functional Role of Voltage
... determined activation curves in cell-attached patches using absolute voltages calculated after breaking through into the cell and measuring the resting potential. In seven cell-attached patches on dendrites, the voltage of half-maximal activation was ⫺7 ⫾ 3 mV and the slope factor was 20 ⫾ 2 mV, sim ...
... determined activation curves in cell-attached patches using absolute voltages calculated after breaking through into the cell and measuring the resting potential. In seven cell-attached patches on dendrites, the voltage of half-maximal activation was ⫺7 ⫾ 3 mV and the slope factor was 20 ⫾ 2 mV, sim ...
Effect of Adrenalectomy on Miniature Inhibitory Postsynaptic
... transsynaptically inhibit the PVN via hypothalamic interneurons located among others in the bed nucleus stria terminalis and peri-PVN regions (Boudaba et al. 1996; Roland and Sawchenko 1993; Tasker and Dudek 1993). Nearly all CRH parvocellular neurons express GABA receptors (Cullinan 2000), underpin ...
... transsynaptically inhibit the PVN via hypothalamic interneurons located among others in the bed nucleus stria terminalis and peri-PVN regions (Boudaba et al. 1996; Roland and Sawchenko 1993; Tasker and Dudek 1993). Nearly all CRH parvocellular neurons express GABA receptors (Cullinan 2000), underpin ...
Nicotine excites hypothalamic arcuate anorexigenic
... 1 M ACh evoked a membrane depolarization of 3.2 ⫾ 0.6 mV (n ⫽ 6; Fig. 3A, left) and 100 M ACh evoked a depolarization of 8.8 ⫾ 0.6 mV (n ⫽ 6; Fig. 3A, right). We then studied the pharmacology of the nicotine receptors in POMC neurons. The experiments were conducted in the presence of TTX (0.5 M). ...
... 1 M ACh evoked a membrane depolarization of 3.2 ⫾ 0.6 mV (n ⫽ 6; Fig. 3A, left) and 100 M ACh evoked a depolarization of 8.8 ⫾ 0.6 mV (n ⫽ 6; Fig. 3A, right). We then studied the pharmacology of the nicotine receptors in POMC neurons. The experiments were conducted in the presence of TTX (0.5 M). ...
local connectivity between neurons of the rat globus pallidus
... the degree of connectivity between GP neurons. However, certain assumptions have to be made. 3.1. Assumptions 3.1.1. Number of contacts formed by a single GP local axon on a single postsynaptic neuron The facts that lateral neurons possess a mean of 264 boutons in their axonal arbour and medial neur ...
... the degree of connectivity between GP neurons. However, certain assumptions have to be made. 3.1. Assumptions 3.1.1. Number of contacts formed by a single GP local axon on a single postsynaptic neuron The facts that lateral neurons possess a mean of 264 boutons in their axonal arbour and medial neur ...
Axonal Dopamine Receptors Activate Peripheral Spike
... Introduction The sole function commonly ascribed to axons is the conduction of action potentials between physically and electrotonically distant sites. Motor neuron axons usually faithfully transmit action potentials from a somatic/dendritic integration site to a distant muscle target. Most axons ar ...
... Introduction The sole function commonly ascribed to axons is the conduction of action potentials between physically and electrotonically distant sites. Motor neuron axons usually faithfully transmit action potentials from a somatic/dendritic integration site to a distant muscle target. Most axons ar ...
Središnja medicinska knjižnica
... To examine the traffic within peripheral nerves we applied BTX-A directly into the sciatic nerve. Occurrence of truncated SNAP-25 in spinal cord after i.n. injection, preventable by proximally applied colchicine, shows that BTX-A is retrogradely transported through the peripheral nerve by means of m ...
... To examine the traffic within peripheral nerves we applied BTX-A directly into the sciatic nerve. Occurrence of truncated SNAP-25 in spinal cord after i.n. injection, preventable by proximally applied colchicine, shows that BTX-A is retrogradely transported through the peripheral nerve by means of m ...
Binary neurons and networks
... Hebb’s postulate When an axon of cell A is near enough to excite cell B and repeatedly or persistently takes part in firing it, some growth process or metabolic change takes place in one or both cells such that A's efficiency, as one of the cells firing B, is increased. (1949) Donald Hebb ...
... Hebb’s postulate When an axon of cell A is near enough to excite cell B and repeatedly or persistently takes part in firing it, some growth process or metabolic change takes place in one or both cells such that A's efficiency, as one of the cells firing B, is increased. (1949) Donald Hebb ...
Synaptic Distinction of Laminar-specific Prefrontal-temporal Pathways in Primates
... Perfusion and Tissue Processing The survival period was 18 days. The animals were then anesthetized with a lethal dose of sodium pentobarbital ( >50 mg/kg, to effect) and perfused with 4% paraformaldehyde, 0.2% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.4). The brain was removed from the skull, ...
... Perfusion and Tissue Processing The survival period was 18 days. The animals were then anesthetized with a lethal dose of sodium pentobarbital ( >50 mg/kg, to effect) and perfused with 4% paraformaldehyde, 0.2% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.4). The brain was removed from the skull, ...
α-Synuclein and dopamine at the crossroads of Parkinson`s disease
... ability to bind membranes is dramatically reduced) in hippocampal cultures caused an inhibition of exocytosis, which is consistent with an important role for the N-terminal membrane binding domain of the protein in the function of α-synuclein [51]. Whether or not α-synuclein fulfils similar roles in ...
... ability to bind membranes is dramatically reduced) in hippocampal cultures caused an inhibition of exocytosis, which is consistent with an important role for the N-terminal membrane binding domain of the protein in the function of α-synuclein [51]. Whether or not α-synuclein fulfils similar roles in ...
On the basis of animal function
... Resting potential 08 resting potential and external K 09 resting potential and external Na Action potentials 10 the compound action potential 11 conduction velocity and temperature 12 refractory period 13 measuring ion currents Synaptic potential 14 facilitation and depression 15 temporal summation ...
... Resting potential 08 resting potential and external K 09 resting potential and external Na Action potentials 10 the compound action potential 11 conduction velocity and temperature 12 refractory period 13 measuring ion currents Synaptic potential 14 facilitation and depression 15 temporal summation ...
Tang et al - Pro Aid Autisme
... spines peaks in early childhood and is followed by a steep decline during late childhood and adolescence to adult levels (Penzes et al., 2011), a process that provides selection and maturation of synapses and neural circuits. While ASDs exhibit striking genetic and clinical heterogeneity, multiple A ...
... spines peaks in early childhood and is followed by a steep decline during late childhood and adolescence to adult levels (Penzes et al., 2011), a process that provides selection and maturation of synapses and neural circuits. While ASDs exhibit striking genetic and clinical heterogeneity, multiple A ...
Biophysical Properties and Responses to Neurotransmitters of
... recording. Measurement of the dissociated neurons revealed that PG neurons were significantly larger than GG neurons. The active and passive membrane properties of these ganglion neurons were examined and compared with each other. There were significant differences between the properties of neurons ...
... recording. Measurement of the dissociated neurons revealed that PG neurons were significantly larger than GG neurons. The active and passive membrane properties of these ganglion neurons were examined and compared with each other. There were significant differences between the properties of neurons ...
Molecules and mechanisms of dendrite development in Drosophila
... correlated shift in branches toward the proximal part of the dendritic arbor (Ye et al., 2007). Subsequently, two independent genetic screens for genes that regulate class IV da neuron morphology each ...
... correlated shift in branches toward the proximal part of the dendritic arbor (Ye et al., 2007). Subsequently, two independent genetic screens for genes that regulate class IV da neuron morphology each ...
Functional Selectivity and Antidepressant Activity of Serotonin 1A
... • Slow and regular discharge (pace maker neurons): strong homeostasis. • Neuronal activity dependent on sleep-wake cycles (REM-off neurons). • Very sensitive to self-inhibition through activation of 5-HT1A autoreceptors. • Rich neurochemistry: 14 different postsynaptic receptors. • Implication in a ...
... • Slow and regular discharge (pace maker neurons): strong homeostasis. • Neuronal activity dependent on sleep-wake cycles (REM-off neurons). • Very sensitive to self-inhibition through activation of 5-HT1A autoreceptors. • Rich neurochemistry: 14 different postsynaptic receptors. • Implication in a ...
Document
... strengths of synaptic connections are altered. For example, long-term changes in synaptic connection may result in more postsynaptic receptors being embedded in the postsynaptic membrane, resulting in the strengthening of the synapse. Synaptic plasticity is also found to be the neural mechanism that ...
... strengths of synaptic connections are altered. For example, long-term changes in synaptic connection may result in more postsynaptic receptors being embedded in the postsynaptic membrane, resulting in the strengthening of the synapse. Synaptic plasticity is also found to be the neural mechanism that ...
Chapter 2 Reivew of Lierature
... agonist for nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) present in central nervous system and peripheral nervous system (Benowitz, 1988). Nicotine activates sympathetic nervous system that would lead to increased level of catecholamine which causes reduction in body weight and increased blood pressur ...
... agonist for nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) present in central nervous system and peripheral nervous system (Benowitz, 1988). Nicotine activates sympathetic nervous system that would lead to increased level of catecholamine which causes reduction in body weight and increased blood pressur ...
Neuromuscular junction
A neuromuscular junction (sometimes called a myoneural junction) is a junction between nerve and muscle; it is a chemical synapse formed by the contact between the presynaptic terminal of a motor neuron and the postsynaptic membrane of a muscle fiber. It is at the neuromuscular junction that a motor neuron is able to transmit a signal to the muscle fiber, causing muscle contraction.Muscles require innervation to function—and even just to maintain muscle tone, avoiding atrophy. Synaptic transmission at the neuromuscular junction begins when an action potential reaches the presynaptic terminal of a motor neuron, which activates voltage-dependent calcium channels to allow calcium ions to enter the neuron. Calcium ions bind to sensor proteins (synaptotagmin) on synaptic vesicles, triggering vesicle fusion with the cell membrane and subsequent neurotransmitter release from the motor neuron into the synaptic cleft. In vertebrates, motor neurons release acetylcholine (ACh), a small molecule neurotransmitter, which diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) on the cell membrane of the muscle fiber, also known as the sarcolemma. nAChRs are ionotropic receptors, meaning they serve as ligand-gated ion channels. The binding of ACh to the receptor can depolarize the muscle fiber, causing a cascade that eventually results in muscle contraction.Neuromuscular junction diseases can be of genetic and autoimmune origin. Genetic disorders, such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy, can arise from mutated structural proteins that comprise the neuromuscular junction, whereas autoimmune diseases, such as myasthenia gravis, occur when antibodies are produced against nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on the sarcolemma.