Motor imagery and higher-level cognition: four hurdles before
... memory. This is an important area of study that has implications for many areas of research. A persisting theory in the field of ecological psychology is that some objects in our environment are more useful to our everyday lives than others, and that the information of these ‘‘affordances’’ is avail ...
... memory. This is an important area of study that has implications for many areas of research. A persisting theory in the field of ecological psychology is that some objects in our environment are more useful to our everyday lives than others, and that the information of these ‘‘affordances’’ is avail ...
Inhibitory Gating of Basolateral Amygdala Inputs to the Prefrontal
... ously described (Little and Carter, 2012). Injection site coordinates were relative to bregma (mediolateral axis, dorsoventral axis, and rostrocaudal axis: PFC ⫽ ⫺0.3 mm, ⫺2.3 mm, and 2.1 mm; NAc ⫽ ⫺2.6 mm, ⫺4.6 mm, 1.7 mm at 13°; BLA ⫽ ⫺3 mm, ⫺5 mm, and ⫺1.2 mm). For anterograde tracing, 184 –230 n ...
... ously described (Little and Carter, 2012). Injection site coordinates were relative to bregma (mediolateral axis, dorsoventral axis, and rostrocaudal axis: PFC ⫽ ⫺0.3 mm, ⫺2.3 mm, and 2.1 mm; NAc ⫽ ⫺2.6 mm, ⫺4.6 mm, 1.7 mm at 13°; BLA ⫽ ⫺3 mm, ⫺5 mm, and ⫺1.2 mm). For anterograde tracing, 184 –230 n ...
10-Sensation of Taste lecture
... – Taste sour in 70% of Caucasians – Tasteless in 30% of Caucasians (Inherited ...
... – Taste sour in 70% of Caucasians – Tasteless in 30% of Caucasians (Inherited ...
Spike-based Winner-Take-All Computation in a Multi
... this function is used to make a selection out of a possible set of decisions dependent on the input. As we develop artificial spike-based systems for different applications we need a theoretical understanding of the parameter settings in the spike-based neuronal networks where we can obtain this beh ...
... this function is used to make a selection out of a possible set of decisions dependent on the input. As we develop artificial spike-based systems for different applications we need a theoretical understanding of the parameter settings in the spike-based neuronal networks where we can obtain this beh ...
Spinal Cord - Fullfrontalanatomy.com
... • Includes all motor pathways not part of the pyramidal system • Upper motor neuron (UMN) originates in nuclei deep in cerebrum (not in cerebral cortex) • UMN does not pass through the pyramids! • LMN is an anterior horn motor neuron • This system includes ...
... • Includes all motor pathways not part of the pyramidal system • Upper motor neuron (UMN) originates in nuclei deep in cerebrum (not in cerebral cortex) • UMN does not pass through the pyramids! • LMN is an anterior horn motor neuron • This system includes ...
![[Ca2+]c dynamics in spontaneously firing dopamine neurons of the](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/003492398_1-2708bc56966b4cab721b0073b5bc49ec-300x300.png)
electrophysiological and synaptic properties of rat superior and
... of involved responses (i.e., in terms of short term and long-term mechanisms that control blood pressure) (Boron and Boulpaep, 2009). Short term regulation of blood pressure occurs within seconds to minutes, and is mediated predominantly by the baroreceptor and Starling reflexes. While these shortte ...
... of involved responses (i.e., in terms of short term and long-term mechanisms that control blood pressure) (Boron and Boulpaep, 2009). Short term regulation of blood pressure occurs within seconds to minutes, and is mediated predominantly by the baroreceptor and Starling reflexes. While these shortte ...
Primary- and Secondary-Like Jaw-Muscle Spindle Afferents Have
... (HRP) or biotinamide (Neurobiotin) were advanced into the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus (Vme) in anesthetized rats. Intracellular recordings then were characterized by their response: to palpation of the jaw muscles; when pressure was applied to the teeth and during passive ramp and hold and sinu ...
... (HRP) or biotinamide (Neurobiotin) were advanced into the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus (Vme) in anesthetized rats. Intracellular recordings then were characterized by their response: to palpation of the jaw muscles; when pressure was applied to the teeth and during passive ramp and hold and sinu ...
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the development of epilepsy
... factors, especially brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Moreover, BDNF modifies both excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission in the brain. Therefore, BDNF signaling is an intriguing candidate for playing a role in seizures and epileptogenesis. However, its effects to the development of ...
... factors, especially brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Moreover, BDNF modifies both excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission in the brain. Therefore, BDNF signaling is an intriguing candidate for playing a role in seizures and epileptogenesis. However, its effects to the development of ...
Man to Machine, Applications in Electromyography
... standardization, various styles developed and the discipline became an art as much as it was a science (De Luca, 1997).Efforts have been underway to standardize the EMG process, with considerable efforts in the past decade to implement standards which 1) formalize scientific understanding of the con ...
... standardization, various styles developed and the discipline became an art as much as it was a science (De Luca, 1997).Efforts have been underway to standardize the EMG process, with considerable efforts in the past decade to implement standards which 1) formalize scientific understanding of the con ...
Branching out: mechanisms of dendritic arborization
... Dendrites differ from axons in many important respects, both morphologically and functionally148. Dendrites have specialized structures including spines, which are the main excitatory synaptic sites that are not found in axons. Unlike axons, dendrites have tapering processes such that distal branche ...
... Dendrites differ from axons in many important respects, both morphologically and functionally148. Dendrites have specialized structures including spines, which are the main excitatory synaptic sites that are not found in axons. Unlike axons, dendrites have tapering processes such that distal branche ...
![[ H]GABA and - The University of Sydney](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/016554642_1-7f0b2cb4433d1c3e90388924056f48a4-300x300.png)
[ H]GABA and - The University of Sydney
... cerebral cortex (85 ± 9%), the retina (63 ± 2%), or the cerebellum (55 ± 10%; Fig. 2). CACA (100 µM) had no significant effect on the potassium3 stimulated release of [ H]GABA in the spinal cord, cortex, and retina (Table 1). Preincubation of cerebellar and retinal slices with unlabeled βalanine (10 ...
... cerebral cortex (85 ± 9%), the retina (63 ± 2%), or the cerebellum (55 ± 10%; Fig. 2). CACA (100 µM) had no significant effect on the potassium3 stimulated release of [ H]GABA in the spinal cord, cortex, and retina (Table 1). Preincubation of cerebellar and retinal slices with unlabeled βalanine (10 ...
Read as PDF
... al., 1996). Briefly, the SRT was not directly attached to the transducer. Instead it was attached to a lever (i.e., a wooden stick) that made contact with the transducer and was, therefore, immobilized and served as a pivot point. To attach the SRT to the lever, one end of a piece of string was tied ...
... al., 1996). Briefly, the SRT was not directly attached to the transducer. Instead it was attached to a lever (i.e., a wooden stick) that made contact with the transducer and was, therefore, immobilized and served as a pivot point. To attach the SRT to the lever, one end of a piece of string was tied ...
Frequency-Dependent Recruitment of Fast Amino Acid and Slow
... control GnRH-GFP-Gpr54 ⫹/⫹ mice. All exand location of the two slices used. B, Schematic three-dimensional view of the relevant structures and cell types contained within perimentation was approved by the University the two slices. The oval dots represent GnRH neurons. C, Photograph of a brain slice ...
... control GnRH-GFP-Gpr54 ⫹/⫹ mice. All exand location of the two slices used. B, Schematic three-dimensional view of the relevant structures and cell types contained within perimentation was approved by the University the two slices. The oval dots represent GnRH neurons. C, Photograph of a brain slice ...
REGENERATION OF AN IDENTIFIED CENTRAL NEURON IN THE
... lesion and does not result from systemic influences current pulses of 1 Hz, 500 msec duration, and 20 nA evoked by the injury. amplitude for 5 to 10 min. A lesion of the ventral nerve cord axotomizes other Morphology. Dye-filled interneurons were allowed to identified giant interneurons (Mendenhall ...
... lesion and does not result from systemic influences current pulses of 1 Hz, 500 msec duration, and 20 nA evoked by the injury. amplitude for 5 to 10 min. A lesion of the ventral nerve cord axotomizes other Morphology. Dye-filled interneurons were allowed to identified giant interneurons (Mendenhall ...
Down - 서울대 Biointelligence lab
... cortical cell (Brodmann’s area 46) that fired without task-relevant characteristics with an average firing rate of about 15 spikes/s. The coefficient of variation of the spike trains is Cv ≈ 1.09. (B) Simulated data from a Poisson distributed spike trains I which a Gaussian refractory time has been ...
... cortical cell (Brodmann’s area 46) that fired without task-relevant characteristics with an average firing rate of about 15 spikes/s. The coefficient of variation of the spike trains is Cv ≈ 1.09. (B) Simulated data from a Poisson distributed spike trains I which a Gaussian refractory time has been ...
Cliff - USD Biology
... Is the NAc a Reward Center? ◦ Oversimplification of NAc function? ◦ Exaggerates NAc function? ...
... Is the NAc a Reward Center? ◦ Oversimplification of NAc function? ◦ Exaggerates NAc function? ...
Neuromorphic computing
... Inside a single time step, each neuron is decoupled from the others, thus the simulation of a single time step is an embarrassingly parallel problem. In fact, NEST natively supports MPI and the parallelization of the loop. Moreover, MPI is supported on High Performance Computing platforms! ...
... Inside a single time step, each neuron is decoupled from the others, thus the simulation of a single time step is an embarrassingly parallel problem. In fact, NEST natively supports MPI and the parallelization of the loop. Moreover, MPI is supported on High Performance Computing platforms! ...
Neuromuscular junction
A neuromuscular junction (sometimes called a myoneural junction) is a junction between nerve and muscle; it is a chemical synapse formed by the contact between the presynaptic terminal of a motor neuron and the postsynaptic membrane of a muscle fiber. It is at the neuromuscular junction that a motor neuron is able to transmit a signal to the muscle fiber, causing muscle contraction.Muscles require innervation to function—and even just to maintain muscle tone, avoiding atrophy. Synaptic transmission at the neuromuscular junction begins when an action potential reaches the presynaptic terminal of a motor neuron, which activates voltage-dependent calcium channels to allow calcium ions to enter the neuron. Calcium ions bind to sensor proteins (synaptotagmin) on synaptic vesicles, triggering vesicle fusion with the cell membrane and subsequent neurotransmitter release from the motor neuron into the synaptic cleft. In vertebrates, motor neurons release acetylcholine (ACh), a small molecule neurotransmitter, which diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) on the cell membrane of the muscle fiber, also known as the sarcolemma. nAChRs are ionotropic receptors, meaning they serve as ligand-gated ion channels. The binding of ACh to the receptor can depolarize the muscle fiber, causing a cascade that eventually results in muscle contraction.Neuromuscular junction diseases can be of genetic and autoimmune origin. Genetic disorders, such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy, can arise from mutated structural proteins that comprise the neuromuscular junction, whereas autoimmune diseases, such as myasthenia gravis, occur when antibodies are produced against nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on the sarcolemma.