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DNA-ReplicationName-Per
DNA-ReplicationName-Per

... You will draw out the steps of the S phase of Interphase, DNA replication. In each box, draw the event described. You will use 3 different colors: one for the original strands of DNA, one for the leading strand, and one for the lagging strand. You must label all the bold words in each drawing and in ...
Lab Restriction Enzyme Analysis
Lab Restriction Enzyme Analysis

... Applications of the procedure • Used to identify bacteria and viruses based on the DNA finger printing of these organisms. • Genetic screening – electrophoresis is the first step. • Forensic medicine – electrophoresis is used in DNA finger printing. ...
Intro to DNA * Refresher Tasks
Intro to DNA * Refresher Tasks

... notice about the ratio of base pairs between the vastly different organisms?  Use math: if an organism has 33% A bases, what does this mean about the amount of G in the organisms genetic sequence. ...
Biochemistry
Biochemistry

... specific pairing we have postulated immediately suggests a possible copying mechanism for the genetic material” Watson and Crick, in their Nature paper,1953 ...
1 - BEHS Science
1 - BEHS Science

... 5. nucleotides: the subunits that make up DNA 6. deoxyribose: 5 carbon sugar 7. adenine: one of the four-nitrogen bases that is a purine. 8. guanine: one of the four-nitrogen bases that is a purine. 9. thymine: one of the four-nitrogen bases that is a pyrimidine 10.cytosine: one of the four-nitrogen ...
Human Genome
Human Genome

...  They appear as a band on the gel ...
Genetic Engineering
Genetic Engineering

... A bacterial plasmid (circular DNA) is used as one source of DNA and the second source can be from any other organism. 2. The 2 DNAs are cut at the palindromes. Both molecules become linear DNA with “sticky ends” 2. The two are mixed and the complementary sticky ends base pair with each other – creat ...
2013 DNA, Repl, Trans and Transl Review
2013 DNA, Repl, Trans and Transl Review

... 1. What are the subunits called that make up DNA? 2. What three things make up a nucleotide? 3. Describe the structure of DNA. 4. An organism's characteristics and directions for proteins synthesis are coded for by molecules of __________. 5. What are the monomers of proteins? How many of these mono ...
Microbial Genetics - DrMinkovskyScienceWiki
Microbial Genetics - DrMinkovskyScienceWiki

a copy of the Candy DNA Replication
a copy of the Candy DNA Replication

... 2. Why is it important that DNA replicates? ______________________________________ 3. Why is it necessary for DNA to replicate accurately in a cell in order for an organism to survive? ____________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________ ...
Clone
Clone

... Cloning Clone: a collection of molecules or cells, all identical to an original molecule or cell To "clone a gene" is to make many copies of it - for example, in a population of bacteria  Gene can be an exact copy of a natural gene  Gene can be an altered version of a natural gene  Recombinant D ...
CH 16 PPT
CH 16 PPT

... Mendel: modes of heredity in pea plants Morgan: genes located on chromosomes Griffith: bacterial work; transformation: change in genotype and phenotype due to assimilation of external substance (DNA) by a cell Avery: transformation agent was DNA ...
File - Chereese Langley
File - Chereese Langley

... 2006, it was shown that this rule applies to four of the five types of double stranded genomes; specifically it applies to the eukaryotic chromosomes, the bacterial chromosomes, the double stranded DNA viral genomes, and the archival chromosomes. ...
Biology 102
Biology 102

... After reading the section in your textbook, answer the following question. 17. Apply Chargaff's rule to decide how many guanine bases a length of DNA will have if it has 26 cytosine bases. Explain. __________________________________________________________________________ ...
GBE 214 TECNIQUES IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
GBE 214 TECNIQUES IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

... describe the correct way for experiments design, sampling, collection of results, their analysis and interpretation, error detection and correction. The techniques presented in this course would provide students with an excellent resume for future career opportunities in biotechnology. The laborator ...
DNA Timeline Assignment
DNA Timeline Assignment

... 3. Write 1-3 sentences to describe what contribution each scientist (or scientist pair made to the study of DNA. 4. Lastly, solve each “clue” below by providing the correct scientist(s), technique or year and then turn in both, this worksheet and your timeline ...
Messenger RNA
Messenger RNA

... that determine which protein is to be made. The sequence is like a code that we can now interpret. The sequence determines which proteins are made and the proteins determine which activities will be performed. And that is how the nucleus is the control center of the cell. The only problem is that th ...
DNA Paper Model Activity Try to attach and mode the Gene Reading
DNA Paper Model Activity Try to attach and mode the Gene Reading

... DNA ribbon that is not spooled around a histone or covered by a methyl. Can the machinery read any significant stretch of DNA? No, it cannot. 2. Refer to question 1, would this be an active or inactive gene? Explain. It’s inactive, because the methyl groups make the DNA inaccessible. 3. Try to attac ...
1 - EPHSLinnBiology
1 - EPHSLinnBiology

... Protein Synthesis Study Guide Part D Fill in the Blank. Read the following paragraph and fill in the blanks with the words provided in the word bank. Don’t forget to ACTIVELY READ. The nucleus of the cell contains a “blueprint” (instructions) for the structure of a cell and cell activity. These ins ...
DNA/Protein Synthesis Study Guide
DNA/Protein Synthesis Study Guide

... Explain why the one gene - one polypeptide hypothesis needed to be modified in the light of conditions such as sickle-cell anemia. ...
science in culture
science in culture

... depicts the archaic process of reverse transcription — the mechanism thought to be involved in the transition from RNA into DNA on the early Earth. The main body of the work, ‘Seasons4life’, is then divided into four parts: Transcription, Translation, Metabolism and Replication. During Transcription ...
Gene Isolation and Manipulation
Gene Isolation and Manipulation

... Conservatively, the amount of DNA necessary to encode this protein of 445 amino acids is 445 × 3 = 1335 base pairs. When compared with the actual amount of DNA used, 60 kb, the gene appears to be roughly 45 times larger than necessary. This “extra” DNA mostly represents the introns that must be corr ...
Review for Post Exam 10 on iLearn
Review for Post Exam 10 on iLearn

... 1. What differences in DNA gives each organism its own unique look? 2. Why is DNA called a universal code? 3. What macromolecule is DNA and RNA? 4. How are genes coded for in DNA 5. Why does DNA replicate? 6. How is DNA inherited? 7. Describe how DNA replicates? (makes a copy of itself) Using the wo ...
STUDY GUIDE FOR CHAPTER 12 – DNA Two Main Processes for
STUDY GUIDE FOR CHAPTER 12 – DNA Two Main Processes for

... Why would DNA need to be replicated? (2 reasons – be specific) What enzyme reads one side of the DNA and makes a complementary strands? What enzyme unzips the double helix? What enzyme acts as “glue” to make sure the new DNA strands are complete? DNA is a double helix, a small portion of one side of ...
Electrophoresis literally means “the condition of
Electrophoresis literally means “the condition of

... (1) to most complex/largest (6) cell chromosome gene nitrogenous base nucleotide nucleus ...
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DNA repair



DNA repair is a collection of processes by which a cell identifies and corrects damage to the DNA molecules that encode its genome. In human cells, both normal metabolic activities and environmental factors such as UV light and radiation can cause DNA damage, resulting in as many as 1 million individual molecular lesions per cell per day. Many of these lesions cause structural damage to the DNA molecule and can alter or eliminate the cell's ability to transcribe the gene that the affected DNA encodes. Other lesions induce potentially harmful mutations in the cell's genome, which affect the survival of its daughter cells after it undergoes mitosis. As a consequence, the DNA repair process is constantly active as it responds to damage in the DNA structure. When normal repair processes fail, and when cellular apoptosis does not occur, irreparable DNA damage may occur, including double-strand breaks and DNA crosslinkages (interstrand crosslinks or ICLs).The rate of DNA repair is dependent on many factors, including the cell type, the age of the cell, and the extracellular environment. A cell that has accumulated a large amount of DNA damage, or one that no longer effectively repairs damage incurred to its DNA, can enter one of three possible states: an irreversible state of dormancy, known as senescence cell suicide, also known as apoptosis or programmed cell death unregulated cell division, which can lead to the formation of a tumor that is cancerousThe DNA repair ability of a cell is vital to the integrity of its genome and thus to the normal functionality of that organism. Many genes that were initially shown to influence life span have turned out to be involved in DNA damage repair and protection.
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