- Wiley Online Library
... Head-tail concatemers: DNA concatemers contain multiple successive copies of the same sequence. In a head-tail concatemer, one end of a copy (the head) is linked to the opposite end of the following copy (the tail). Holliday junction: cross-shaped mobile junction between four different strands of DN ...
... Head-tail concatemers: DNA concatemers contain multiple successive copies of the same sequence. In a head-tail concatemer, one end of a copy (the head) is linked to the opposite end of the following copy (the tail). Holliday junction: cross-shaped mobile junction between four different strands of DN ...
The δ Subunit of DNA Polymerase III Holoenzyme Serves as a
... Escherichia coli genome size is 4.4 megabases, about 2000 – 4000 clamps are needed for one round of DNA replication. There are, however, only about 300  clamps in each cell (19). Consequently, each of these clamps must be used more than once during replication of the E. coli genome. Previous studie ...
... Escherichia coli genome size is 4.4 megabases, about 2000 – 4000 clamps are needed for one round of DNA replication. There are, however, only about 300  clamps in each cell (19). Consequently, each of these clamps must be used more than once during replication of the E. coli genome. Previous studie ...
MONOHYBRID CROSS
... Dissolve the agarose completely by heating in the microwave When boils, remove the flask from the microwave Waits until it cools to 55C Add 2.5µl EtBr and mix Pour the melted agarose into gel apparatus Let it to harden Mix 5 µl of loading dye+ 5 µl of DNA sample, load on agarose gels Run agarose gel ...
... Dissolve the agarose completely by heating in the microwave When boils, remove the flask from the microwave Waits until it cools to 55C Add 2.5µl EtBr and mix Pour the melted agarose into gel apparatus Let it to harden Mix 5 µl of loading dye+ 5 µl of DNA sample, load on agarose gels Run agarose gel ...
an introduction to DNA barcoding
... the often tedious and rather naı̈ve polemics that have surrounded the barcoding initiative. Instead, the main scientific issues debated were (i) is it possible to distinguish a large number of species using short DNA sequence data? (ii) can closely related or fastevolving species be distinguished wi ...
... the often tedious and rather naı̈ve polemics that have surrounded the barcoding initiative. Instead, the main scientific issues debated were (i) is it possible to distinguish a large number of species using short DNA sequence data? (ii) can closely related or fastevolving species be distinguished wi ...
The fidelity of DNA synthesis by eukaryotic replicative and
... Cell Research (2008) 18:148-161. doi: 10.1038/cr.2008.4; published online 1 January 2008 ...
... Cell Research (2008) 18:148-161. doi: 10.1038/cr.2008.4; published online 1 January 2008 ...
Regulation of DNA Polymerase Exonucleolytic Proofreading Activity
... phenotype were also identified in the polymerase active center, but the polymerase and exonuclease active centers are separated by a relatively great distance, about 30 Å (Wang et al. 1997). Proofreading requires that the primer strand be moved from the polymerase to the exonuclease active center. ...
... phenotype were also identified in the polymerase active center, but the polymerase and exonuclease active centers are separated by a relatively great distance, about 30 Å (Wang et al. 1997). Proofreading requires that the primer strand be moved from the polymerase to the exonuclease active center. ...
Xpf suppresses mutagenic consequences of bacterial phagocytosis
... resistance to this alcohol (Fig. 4A). We therefore set up a methanol mutagenesis assay to determine the frequency of resistance to methanol in Ax2 and xpf- after exposure to K.a (Fig. 4B). Briefly, we first took Ax2 and xpf- cells and expanded them from single clones into six well plates in axenic m ...
... resistance to this alcohol (Fig. 4A). We therefore set up a methanol mutagenesis assay to determine the frequency of resistance to methanol in Ax2 and xpf- after exposure to K.a (Fig. 4B). Briefly, we first took Ax2 and xpf- cells and expanded them from single clones into six well plates in axenic m ...
Writing Information into DNA
... DNA sequences consist of four nucleotide bases (A: adenine, C: cytosine, G: guanine, and T: thymine), and are arrayed between chemically distinct terminals known as the 5’- and 3’-end. The double-helix DNA strands are formed by a sequence and its complement. The complementary strand, or complement, ...
... DNA sequences consist of four nucleotide bases (A: adenine, C: cytosine, G: guanine, and T: thymine), and are arrayed between chemically distinct terminals known as the 5’- and 3’-end. The double-helix DNA strands are formed by a sequence and its complement. The complementary strand, or complement, ...
DNA Methyltransferases – Role and Function
... DNA methyltransferases were initially discovered as parts of restriction/modification (RM) systems (Arber and Dussoix 1962). S-Adenosyl-L-methionine (AdoMet)dependent DNA and RNA methylation activity was first described by Gold in 1963 (Gold et al. 1963) and a series of papers published by Gold in 1 ...
... DNA methyltransferases were initially discovered as parts of restriction/modification (RM) systems (Arber and Dussoix 1962). S-Adenosyl-L-methionine (AdoMet)dependent DNA and RNA methylation activity was first described by Gold in 1963 (Gold et al. 1963) and a series of papers published by Gold in 1 ...
TUTORIAL 8 – DNA - Molecular Movies
... In this tutorial, we’ll explore different methods for modeling, rigging, and animating DNA. There are many ways to approach this macromolecule in Maya and each has its merits depending on what the model will be used for in your scene. We’ll start with a simple ‘plank’ DNA model that is roughly based ...
... In this tutorial, we’ll explore different methods for modeling, rigging, and animating DNA. There are many ways to approach this macromolecule in Maya and each has its merits depending on what the model will be used for in your scene. We’ll start with a simple ‘plank’ DNA model that is roughly based ...
Homologous Recombination 1. Query: Could you explain what
... strands. As we saw, the exchange mechanism can be different, illustrated by the three models. If you only exchange one pair of strands, you get a Holliday junction. To resolve the intermediate, you have to do a second exchange. This can be between the same pair of strands that took part in the first ...
... strands. As we saw, the exchange mechanism can be different, illustrated by the three models. If you only exchange one pair of strands, you get a Holliday junction. To resolve the intermediate, you have to do a second exchange. This can be between the same pair of strands that took part in the first ...
The role of DNA shape in protein-DNA recognition
... The recognition of specific DNA sequences by proteins is thought to depend on two types of mechanism: one that involves the formation of hydrogen bonds with specific bases, primarily in the major groove, and one involving sequence-dependent deformations of the DNA helix. By comprehensively analysing ...
... The recognition of specific DNA sequences by proteins is thought to depend on two types of mechanism: one that involves the formation of hydrogen bonds with specific bases, primarily in the major groove, and one involving sequence-dependent deformations of the DNA helix. By comprehensively analysing ...
Chapter 11: DNA and Genes
... to their base pair by hydrogen bonding. Another enzyme bonds these nucleotides into a chain. This process continues until the entire molecule has been unzipped and replicated. Each new strand formed is a complement of one of the original, or parent, strands. The result is the formation of two DNA mo ...
... to their base pair by hydrogen bonding. Another enzyme bonds these nucleotides into a chain. This process continues until the entire molecule has been unzipped and replicated. Each new strand formed is a complement of one of the original, or parent, strands. The result is the formation of two DNA mo ...
Chapter 4. Studying DNA Learning outcomes 4.1. Enzymes for DNA
... 1. Give outline descriptions of the events involved in DNA cloning and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and state the applications and limitations of these techniques 2. Describe the activities and main applications of the different types of enzyme used in recombinant DNA research 3. Identify th ...
... 1. Give outline descriptions of the events involved in DNA cloning and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and state the applications and limitations of these techniques 2. Describe the activities and main applications of the different types of enzyme used in recombinant DNA research 3. Identify th ...
Honor Genetics DNA structure and replication
... 5 direction by addition of short segments, Okazaki fragments, that grow ...
... 5 direction by addition of short segments, Okazaki fragments, that grow ...
On Map Representations of DNA†
... by using only pen and pencil (no calculator or computer). The high efficiency of the exact solution is due to the fact that the algorithm identifies also pairs of adjacent amino which appear only in one sequence and not in the other, and thus eliminate need for their further examination. To find mor ...
... by using only pen and pencil (no calculator or computer). The high efficiency of the exact solution is due to the fact that the algorithm identifies also pairs of adjacent amino which appear only in one sequence and not in the other, and thus eliminate need for their further examination. To find mor ...
Chapter 11: DNA and Genes
... to their base pair by hydrogen bonding. Another enzyme bonds these nucleotides into a chain. This process continues until the entire molecule has been unzipped and replicated. Each new strand formed is a complement of one of the original, or parent, strands. The result is the formation of two DNA mo ...
... to their base pair by hydrogen bonding. Another enzyme bonds these nucleotides into a chain. This process continues until the entire molecule has been unzipped and replicated. Each new strand formed is a complement of one of the original, or parent, strands. The result is the formation of two DNA mo ...
Your EasyGuide to DNA Polymerases
... thermostable DNA polymerase in enzyme reactions Description: PolyMate is a special 2x additive for use in reactions involving any thermostable DNA polymerase. PolyMate provides an optimised composition of reagents, leading to a dramatic improvement of reaction specificity. By making DNA more accessib ...
... thermostable DNA polymerase in enzyme reactions Description: PolyMate is a special 2x additive for use in reactions involving any thermostable DNA polymerase. PolyMate provides an optimised composition of reagents, leading to a dramatic improvement of reaction specificity. By making DNA more accessib ...
From Genetics to DNA
... as histones compact and organize DNA, which helps control its interactions with other proteins and thereby control which genes are transcribed. Physical and chemical properties DNA is a long polymer made from repeating units called nucleotides. The DNA chain is 22 to 26 Ångströms wide (2.2 to 2.6 n ...
... as histones compact and organize DNA, which helps control its interactions with other proteins and thereby control which genes are transcribed. Physical and chemical properties DNA is a long polymer made from repeating units called nucleotides. The DNA chain is 22 to 26 Ångströms wide (2.2 to 2.6 n ...
Reflection on Lloyd/Rhind Genetics Unit First and Foremost
... (2) DNA Extraction Lab: Students will extract DNA from Yeast, Human, and Strawberry cells as am inquiry activity. They will need to compare and contrast what they see in each result and then to what their original idea of what DNA did look like. pp 6-8 (3) Teacher Directed Learning: Students will ta ...
... (2) DNA Extraction Lab: Students will extract DNA from Yeast, Human, and Strawberry cells as am inquiry activity. They will need to compare and contrast what they see in each result and then to what their original idea of what DNA did look like. pp 6-8 (3) Teacher Directed Learning: Students will ta ...
Preventing transcriptional gene silencing by active DNA demethylation
... demethylation by breaking the glycosidic bond of 5-methylcytosine, thus leaving an abasic site that can be further processed by an AP-endonuclease and other DNA repair enzymes. Cloning of the enzyme showed that the gene encodes a G/T mismatch repair DNA glycosylase [98]. MBD4, a human homolog of the ...
... demethylation by breaking the glycosidic bond of 5-methylcytosine, thus leaving an abasic site that can be further processed by an AP-endonuclease and other DNA repair enzymes. Cloning of the enzyme showed that the gene encodes a G/T mismatch repair DNA glycosylase [98]. MBD4, a human homolog of the ...
MagJET Plasmid DNA Kit - Thermo Fisher Scientific
... 5. Add 50 µL of isopropanol (100%) and mix immediately by inverting the tube 4-6 times. 6. Centrifuge lysed sample for 5 min at 16,000 × g to pellet cell debris and chromosomal DNA. 7. Add 25 µL of MagJET Magnetic Beads resuspended well by vortexing and 250 µL of isopropanol to a new tube. 8. Transf ...
... 5. Add 50 µL of isopropanol (100%) and mix immediately by inverting the tube 4-6 times. 6. Centrifuge lysed sample for 5 min at 16,000 × g to pellet cell debris and chromosomal DNA. 7. Add 25 µL of MagJET Magnetic Beads resuspended well by vortexing and 250 µL of isopropanol to a new tube. 8. Transf ...
DNA repair
DNA repair is a collection of processes by which a cell identifies and corrects damage to the DNA molecules that encode its genome. In human cells, both normal metabolic activities and environmental factors such as UV light and radiation can cause DNA damage, resulting in as many as 1 million individual molecular lesions per cell per day. Many of these lesions cause structural damage to the DNA molecule and can alter or eliminate the cell's ability to transcribe the gene that the affected DNA encodes. Other lesions induce potentially harmful mutations in the cell's genome, which affect the survival of its daughter cells after it undergoes mitosis. As a consequence, the DNA repair process is constantly active as it responds to damage in the DNA structure. When normal repair processes fail, and when cellular apoptosis does not occur, irreparable DNA damage may occur, including double-strand breaks and DNA crosslinkages (interstrand crosslinks or ICLs).The rate of DNA repair is dependent on many factors, including the cell type, the age of the cell, and the extracellular environment. A cell that has accumulated a large amount of DNA damage, or one that no longer effectively repairs damage incurred to its DNA, can enter one of three possible states: an irreversible state of dormancy, known as senescence cell suicide, also known as apoptosis or programmed cell death unregulated cell division, which can lead to the formation of a tumor that is cancerousThe DNA repair ability of a cell is vital to the integrity of its genome and thus to the normal functionality of that organism. Many genes that were initially shown to influence life span have turned out to be involved in DNA damage repair and protection.