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FORMULATION AND IN-VITRO EVALUATION OF THERMOREVERSIBLE RIZATRIPTAN BENZOATE NASAL GEL  Research Article
FORMULATION AND IN-VITRO EVALUATION OF THERMOREVERSIBLE RIZATRIPTAN BENZOATE NASAL GEL Research Article

... transdermal route has been explored for a number of drugs, but its use is limited due to low permeability of the skin to many drugs Nonparenteral routes for drug delivery include nasal, buccal, pulmonary and transdermal routes. All these application routes are suitable for self-administration in an ...
Breastfeeding guidelines for substance using mothers
Breastfeeding guidelines for substance using mothers

... Much confusion surrounds the issue of whether a woman should breast feed her baby whilst continuing to take drugs. Many women and their partners are concerned about breastfeeding whilst taking drugs or drinking alcohol and will ask for advice. Parents should be informed that for most drugs the benef ...
Evaluating Drugs Used To Treat: Constipation
Evaluating Drugs Used To Treat: Constipation

... Diet low in fiber – Fiber makes stools softer, bulkier and easier to pass. Foods high in fiber include fruits, vegetables, beans, legumes, and whole grains. Pregnancy – Constipation is a common problem for women during and after pregnancy. About half get it. Natural increases in the hormones estroge ...
Konuray, A. O., 2008, Development of Tolerance and Dependence
Konuray, A. O., 2008, Development of Tolerance and Dependence

... whose target of action is the brain. Although its use has decreased over the years, phenobarbital is still being prescribed to many patients. As a side effect, phenobarbital enhances the synthesis of its own metabolic enzymes in the liver. This enzyme induction problem causes increased tolerance to ...
IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT)
IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT)

... Ketamine is a chiral compound. Most pharmaceutical preparations of ketamine are racemic; however, some brands reportedly have (mostly undocumented) differences in their enantiomeric proportions. The more active enantiomer, (S)-ketamine, is also available for medical use under the brand name Ketanest ...
What Is The “Safest” Non-Steroidal Anti
What Is The “Safest” Non-Steroidal Anti

... double-dose H2RA. However, these studies were shortterm (12-24 weeks) and focused on endoscopic finding rather than clinical endpoints (Taha et al., 1996; 2009). In 2009, the American College of Gastroenterology issued an official guideline for prevention of NSAIDrelated ulcer complications. This gu ...
EFFECTS OF PREGNANCY ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD AND THE
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... abscess, cortical venous thrombosis and neurosyphilis. ...
1-28-17 PPT
1-28-17 PPT

... Which of the following is not true of the adverse effects of chloroquine? a. Visual impairment is related the affinity of chloroquine for melanin areas in the eye b. Low blood levels due to distribution to tissues increases the toxicity of chloroquine c. Ototoxicity, myopathy, and peripheral neurop ...
“muscle builder” supplements
“muscle builder” supplements

... androstenedione per day. This depression in HDL-C, although smaller than that observed with anabolic steroid use, nevertheless would be associated with a 10–15% increase in the risk for cardiovascular disease. Less clear is the clinical significance of the increased levels of estrogens in the blood ...
Local Anesthetics
Local Anesthetics

... They contrast with analgesics (painkillers), which relieve pain without eliminating sensation. These drugs are generally administered to facilitate surgery. A wide variety of drugs are used in modern anesthetic practice. Many are rarely used outside of anesthesia, although others are used commonly b ...
Document
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... •The metabolites of nicotine that gets accumulated in the body fluids are nicotine isomethonium ion, nicotine glucuronide, nornicotine, nicotine N’-oxide, 2-hydroxynicotine and cotinine. Among these cotinine is the major metabolite affecting the body. Usually a cigarette is found to contain around 1 ...
1. NAME OF THE MEDICINAL PRODUCT Dompicare 20 mg, film
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... Because of its pharmacologic effects on transit time in the stomach and small intestine, domperidone may alter the absorption of certain drugs. The extent of absorption of drugs that disintegrate, dissolve, and/or are absorbed mainly in the stomach (e.g., digoxin) may be diminished by domperidone, w ...
Coca leaf chewing as therapy for cocaine maintenance
Coca leaf chewing as therapy for cocaine maintenance

... parents and grandparents who were also coca consumers. And even though it was not an in-depth analysis, I had a very close general impression, from within the community, of the effects of coca chewing on the human body inside its social context. In my observations, I found that among the habitual co ...
Melatonin - City Tech OpenLab
Melatonin - City Tech OpenLab

... benzodiazepine  drugs,  to  reduce  the  side  effects  of  stopping  smoking  or  long-­‐term   use  of  anti-­‐anxiety  medicine  (Valium).    It  is  also  used  to  help  regulate  sleep/wake   cycles  in  people  who  are  blind.   ...
Pharmacologic Advances in Canine and Feline Reproduction TOPICAL REVIEW
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... of availability in the United States and expense have limited the use of these agents. Because of manufacturer discontinuation of some older products and limited availability of newer agents, there has been an overall decline in drug options in some areas such as contraception. However, new therapeu ...
Annex 1 - Emcdda
Annex 1 - Emcdda

... subjective effects experienced. It is important to note that in these cases it is not possible to confirm the specific substance(s) used, nor the purity, dose, etc. Analysis of products containing new psychoactive substances that are sold on the drug market have shown that the composition can differ ...
Basics Pharmacology Review - Dr. Roland Halil
Basics Pharmacology Review - Dr. Roland Halil

... aka “Take this life-saving therapy; it has no risks, but it’ll cost you $1 million and you’ll need blood tests twice daily” ...
Suggestion from clinicians
Suggestion from clinicians

... Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is perhaps the most notorious complication of long-term aspirin use. This is thought to occur via inhibition of the COX-1 enzyme, thereby reducing synthesis of prostaglandins, which protect the gastric mucosa from acid-induced damage. A recent meta-analysis of 35 rando ...
Prescription Drug Use Among Midlife and Older Americans
Prescription Drug Use Among Midlife and Older Americans

... Between 1986 and 2002 Americans age 45 and older reported their regular use of prescription drugs increased from 52% to 75%. At the same time, there was a similar increase in the proportion Americans age 45 and older who say they have health insurance for prescription drugs (51% in 1986 and 76% in 2 ...
Effects of Intravenous Cocaine and Cigarette Smoking on
Effects of Intravenous Cocaine and Cigarette Smoking on

... were paid for their participation in the study, consistent with National Institutes of Health regulations. ...
Somnote® CIV (Chloral Hydrate Capsules, USP 500 mg) (81 kb PDF
Somnote® CIV (Chloral Hydrate Capsules, USP 500 mg) (81 kb PDF

... 80% of my patients have some sort of sleep disorder that might be contributing to the condition which I am treating, so I like to address their sleep issues early on. Somnote® is an effective sedative/hypnotic and is rather benign. It is relatively safe and gives pretty good rest if not taken in too ...
opioid toxicity - CEU Professor On-line
opioid toxicity - CEU Professor On-line

... myocardial contractility.32 Other authors have noted evidence of leaky pulmonary capillaries 33, 34 while others have noted that large amounts of histamine are released in heroin overdose and histamine increases capillary permeability. It is not clear which patients are at risk, but Sterret found th ...
Psychopharmacology
Psychopharmacology

... Neurotransmitters and Neuromodulators  Monoamines Serotonin (5-HT)  Serotonin: • Serotonin is an indolamine neurotransmitter; also called 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT); thought to play a role in the regulation of mood, the control of eating, sleep, dreaming, and arousal; also thought to be involved ...
Pharmacological Characterization of Noroxymorphone as a New
Pharmacological Characterization of Noroxymorphone as a New

... barrier due to its low calculated logD value (log octanol/water partition coefficient). Thus, noroxymorphone should have a negligible role in analgesia after systemic administration of oxycodone. Because of its spinal efficacy and long duration of effect, noroxymorphone is an interesting opioid for ...
Psychotropic Medications Metabolized by Cytochromes P450 (CYP
Psychotropic Medications Metabolized by Cytochromes P450 (CYP

... placenta and Consists of more than 50 isoforms. Cytochromes P450 (CYPs) are major source of catalytic activity for drug oxidation [1-3]. CYP2D6 is a member of the cytochrome P450 super family. It plays a primary role in the metabolism of more than 70 substrate medications, belonging to classes such ...
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Stimulant



Stimulants (also referred to as psychostimulants) are psychoactive drugs that induce temporary improvements in either mental or physical functions or both. Examples of these kinds of effects may include enhanced alertness, wakefulness, and locomotion, among others. Due to their rendering a characteristic ""up"" feeling, stimulants are also occasionally referred to as ""uppers"". Depressants or ""downers"", which decrease mental and/or physical function, are in stark contrast to stimulants and are considered to be their functional opposites. Stimulants are widely used throughout the world as prescription medicines and without prescription both as legal substances and illicit substances of recreational use or abuse.
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