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MDMA (Ecstasy) - cloudfront.net
MDMA (Ecstasy) - cloudfront.net

annex iv: biowaiver request for additional strengths
annex iv: biowaiver request for additional strengths

... and evaluation of bioequivalence studies for immediate release and modified release dosage forms with systemic action. Two medicinal products containing the same active substance are considered bioequivalent if they are pharmaceutically equivalent or Pharmaceutical alternatives and their bioavailabi ...
PRODUCT INFORMATION ZINNAT
PRODUCT INFORMATION ZINNAT

... compared with that of the fasting state and tend to cancel the effect of enhanced absorption after food. In common with other antibiotics, cefuroxime axetil may affect the gut flora, leading to lower oestrogen reabsorption and reduced efficacy of combined oral contraceptives. It is recommended that ...
ACCELERATED INDUCTION OF ETORPHINE IMMOBILIZATION IN BLUE WILDEBEEST BY THE ADDITION OF HYALURONIDASE
ACCELERATED INDUCTION OF ETORPHINE IMMOBILIZATION IN BLUE WILDEBEEST BY THE ADDITION OF HYALURONIDASE

... method. The most effective and economical dosage range was 15.4 to 33.0 mg/kg of bodyweight however clinical effects lasted anywhere between twelve hours and five days.55 ...
Chapter 4 - Utrecht University Repository
Chapter 4 - Utrecht University Repository

... not certain, however, if compounds need to be dissolved in plasma water to pass through capillary endothelium into the tissues. Although equilibrium between blood and tissues based on the dissolution of compounds in the plasma water phase is often used in kinetic models,2,3 other models suggest that ...
Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Intravenous Push (IVP) Drug List
Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Intravenous Push (IVP) Drug List

... Corticosteroid 2-4 mg/kg/DAY Pulse dose: 15-30mg/kg/DAY x 3 days ...
Protein Restoration in Low-Birth-Weight Rat Offspring Derived from
Protein Restoration in Low-Birth-Weight Rat Offspring Derived from

... a normal protein diet after weaning (LP2) compared with the control group (Fig. 1, A, C, and D). Interestingly, in MPR offspring subjected to protein restriction throughout pregnancy and postnatal life (LP1), there was no difference in hepatic CYP3A23, CYP3A2, CYP2C11, or CYP2B1 mRNA expression (Fig ...
What single drug is the most efficacious for oral conscious minimal
What single drug is the most efficacious for oral conscious minimal

... reported to be in the range of 4.4% to 16.4% (Chanpong, 2005). Dental patients experience varying levels of anxiety (Chanpong et al, 2005). The majority of patients experience low levels of anxiety and are able to manage this anxiety by various cognitive or behavioural techniques. However, a small, ...
Document
Document

... case we would possibly have a potent drug to stimulate the endogenous fibrinolysis. We have recently conducted a study in healthy volunteers, where we investigated the acute ability for t-PA release before and after VPA treatment. This study showed no severe adverse events with either treatment or t ...
Seretide Accuhaler
Seretide Accuhaler

... Seretide) or placebo added to usual therapy showed a significant increase in asthmarelated deaths in patients receiving Serevent. Data from this study suggested that AfricanAmerican patients may be at greater risk of serious respiratory-related events or deaths when using Serevent compared to placeb ...
Probenecid
Probenecid

... In patients on probenecid the use of acetylsalicylic acid in either small or large doses is contraindicated because it antagonises the uricosuric action of probenecid. In patients on probenecid who require a mild analgesic agent the use of paracetamol rather than small doses of salicylates would be ...
1 ENDOCET (Oxycodone and Acetaminophen Tablets, USP) CII Rx
1 ENDOCET (Oxycodone and Acetaminophen Tablets, USP) CII Rx

... Urine testing for opiates may be performed to determine illicit drug use and for medical reasons such as evaluation of patients with altered states of consciousness or monitoring efficacy of drug rehabilitation efforts. The preliminary identification of opiates in urine involves the use of an immuno ...
Australian Public Assessment Report for Fampridine
Australian Public Assessment Report for Fampridine

... all Phase II and Phase III clinical studies. This formulation is proposed for registration with the addition of the debossed identifier ‘A10’ on one side of the tablet. The absolute bioavailability of fampridine immediate release and enteric coated tablets has been reported in the literature as 95% ...
HYDROPHILIC POLYMERS FOR DISSOLUTION ENHANCEMENT OF CELECOXIB  Research Article PROF.M.V.NAGABHUSHANAM
HYDROPHILIC POLYMERS FOR DISSOLUTION ENHANCEMENT OF CELECOXIB Research Article PROF.M.V.NAGABHUSHANAM

... (C),4-[5-(4-methylphenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1Hpyrazol-1-yl] benzene sulfonamide, is a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug that exhibits anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anti-pyretic activities is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis (1,2). Celecoxib is also used in the m ...
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A RP-HPLC METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A RP-HPLC METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS

... The present work describes a reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method for simultaneous estimation of Pantoprazole and Cinitapride in capsule formulation. Chromatography was performed on a Chromatopak Peerless LC-C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm) with mobile phase containing ...
Fixed combination of arthemether and lumefantrine
Fixed combination of arthemether and lumefantrine

... Malaria continues to be a major health problem in the world today. Between 300-500 people become ill from the disease and approximately 1 million, mainly children dies from it each year. The prevalence of drug resistant falciparum malaria has increased so that, in some countries, resistance to all o ...
View Full Prescribing Information - AcipHex Sprinkle (rabeprazole
View Full Prescribing Information - AcipHex Sprinkle (rabeprazole

... temporary withdrawal of ACIPHEX Sprinkle (5.8, 7). ---------------------------------------ADVERSE REACTIONS--------------------------------Most common adverse reactions (>5%) are vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, headache, and nausea (6.1). To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact FSC Labora ...
DICETEL PM
DICETEL PM

... ammonium group and its high molecular weight.44,45 In vitro studies have shown that pinaverium bromide is highly bound to both animal and human plasma proteins (97%).28 The selective distribution in the digestive tract, low absorption, low enterohepatic cycle and almost ...
Sytemic Lupus Erythematosus(SLE) and Pregnancy
Sytemic Lupus Erythematosus(SLE) and Pregnancy

... 5 Obstetric Emergencies: Management of Lupus Flare. www.obgmanagement.com. May 2006. ...
NIDA for Teens Ecstasy Quiz
NIDA for Teens Ecstasy Quiz

... B. MDMA is sometimes called “Adam.” ...
BIOLOGICAL VERIFICATION AND QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF A NATURAL HEPATOPROTECTIVE RECIPE  Original Article
BIOLOGICAL VERIFICATION AND QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF A NATURAL HEPATOPROTECTIVE RECIPE Original Article

... for healthcare in different cultures throughout the world [1]. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 80% of the world populations rely on natural medicines of plant origin for their primary healthcare [2], so the demand of such drugs is becoming universal as people became more cognisant ...
meth_presentation
meth_presentation

... Meth is also very dangerous due to the ingredients used to manufacture it, which can be commonly ...
4: Central nervous system - Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust
4: Central nervous system - Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust

... pharmacodynamic interactions (serotonin syndrome, hypotension, drowsiness) and pharmacokinetic interactions (e.g. elevation of tricyclic plasma levels by some SSRIs). The serotonin syndrome may include restlessness, diaphoresis, tremor, shivering, myoclonus, confusion, convulsions and death. ...
H • LAC Westbury
H • LAC Westbury

... Hydrocodone is a semisynthetic opioid antitussive and analgesic with multiple actions qualitatively similar to those of codeine . The precise mechanism of action of hydrocodone and other opiates is not known ; however, hydrocodone is believed to act directly on the cough center . In excessive doses ...
October 2010 - North Dakota Board of Pharmacy
October 2010 - North Dakota Board of Pharmacy

... each of us using our education, training and skills to the best of our ability. Will a pharmacy student be able to tell a technician from a pharmacist by the attitudes and behaviors we display? The answer should be a resounding NO! Remember, we’re all in this together, techs and RPh’s alike, working ...
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Pharmacokinetics



Pharmacokinetics, sometimes abbreviated as PK (from Ancient Greek pharmakon ""drug"" and kinetikos ""moving, putting in motion""; see chemical kinetics), is a branch of pharmacology dedicated to determining the fate of substances administered externally to a living organism. The substances of interest include pharmaceutical agents, hormones, nutrients, and toxins. It attempts to discover the fate of a drug from the moment that it is administered up to the point at which it is completely eliminated from the body.Pharmacokinetics describes how the body affects a specific drug after administration through the mechanisms of absorption and distribution, as well as the chemical changes of the substance in the body (e.g. by metabolic enzymes such as cytochrome P450 or glucuronosyltransferase enzymes), and the effects and routes of excretion of the metabolites of the drug. Pharmacokinetic properties of drugs may be affected by elements such as the site of administration and the dose of administered drug. These may affect the absorption rate. Pharmacokinetics is often studied in conjunction with pharmacodynamics, the study of a drug's pharmacological effect on the body.A number of different models have been developed in order to simplify conceptualization of the many processes that take place in the interaction between an organism and a drug. One of these models, the multi-compartment model, gives the best approximation to reality; however, the complexity involved in using this type of model means that monocompartmental models and above all two compartmental models are the most-frequently used. The various compartments that the model is divided into are commonly referred to as the ADME scheme (also referred to as LADME if liberation is included as a separate step from absorption): Liberation - the process of release of a drug from the pharmaceutical formulation. See also IVIVC. Absorption - the process of a substance entering the blood circulation. Distribution - the dispersion or dissemination of substances throughout the fluids and tissues of the body. Metabolization (or biotransformation, or inactivation) – the recognition by the organism that a foreign substance is present and the irreversible transformation of parent compounds into daughter metabolites. Excretion - the removal of the substances from the body. In rare cases, some drugs irreversibly accumulate in body tissue.The two phases of metabolism and excretion can also be grouped together under the title elimination.The study of these distinct phases involves the use and manipulation of basic concepts in order to understand the process dynamics. For this reason in order to fully comprehend the kinetics of a drug it is necessary to have detailed knowledge of a number of factors such as: the properties of the substances that act as excipients, the characteristics of the appropriate biological membranes and the way that substances can cross them, or the characteristics of the enzyme reactions that inactivate the drug.All these concepts can be represented through mathematical formulas that have a corresponding graphical representation. The use of these models allows an understanding of the characteristics of a molecule, as well as how a particular drug will behave given information regarding some of its basic characteristics. Such as its acid dissociation constant (pKa), bioavailability and solubility, absorption capacity and distribution in the organism.The model outputs for a drug can be used in industry (for example, in calculating bioequivalence when designing generic drugs) or in the clinical application of pharmacokinetic concepts. Clinical pharmacokinetics provides many performance guidelines for effective and efficient use of drugs for human-health professionals and in veterinary medicine.
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