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cp violation and the origins of matter
cp violation and the origins of matter

Experimental Implementation of Adiabatic Passage between
Experimental Implementation of Adiabatic Passage between

TIME-REVERSAL INVARIANT TOPOLOGICAL INSULATORS A
TIME-REVERSAL INVARIANT TOPOLOGICAL INSULATORS A

... Figure 2.2: (upper)A plot of the quantized Hall conductance in units of e2 /h of the lattice Dirac model as a function of the mass parameter m. (lower)Two schematic ˆ unit vector field for the lattice Dirac model. The left configuration plots of the d(p) has Hall conductance zero and no skyrmion cha ...
Renormalization and quantum field theory
Renormalization and quantum field theory

... We give an overview of the construction of a perturbative quantum field theory from a Lagrangian. We start by translating some terms in physics into mathematical terminology. Definition 1. Spacetime is a smooth finite-dimensional metrizable manifold M, together with a “causality” relation 6 that is ...
Reciprocal Lattice
Reciprocal Lattice

Lecture 6, Parity and Charge Conjugation
Lecture 6, Parity and Charge Conjugation

Feynman Diagrams in Quantum Mechanics
Feynman Diagrams in Quantum Mechanics

Linear spin wave theory - Paul Scherrer Institut
Linear spin wave theory - Paul Scherrer Institut

High-Energy Physics and Reality
High-Energy Physics and Reality

... Bohr and Peter Zinkernagel, I discuss how the objectivity concept might be more robust and general than some philosophers of science seem to hold. Chapter 3 is a short introduction to HEP, its relations to other branches of physics, and the current state of the art — the Standard Model. In chapter ...
Destructive quantum interference in spin tunneling problems
Destructive quantum interference in spin tunneling problems

... Similarly, consider any larger closed “loop” of alternating A- and B-spins within a ground-state configuration. It can be proven that any such loop contains 4n + 2 spins (n is some integer) [10]. Again one can study the tunneling between two configurations that only differ by φl → φl + π (i.e. A ↔ B ...
Introduction to ”Topological Geometrodynamics: an Overview
Introduction to ”Topological Geometrodynamics: an Overview

1.1 D Landau level eigenstates
1.1 D Landau level eigenstates

... conjugate operators with [x̂, ŷ] = 1/`2B . (Of course they aren’t literally conjugate, but as projected into one Landau level – as we’re assuming – they become conjugate.) Thus, within a Landau level, we cannot have an arbitarily definite x and y at the same time. Instead, let ϕr̄ (r) be a minimum ...
Symmetry_of_Properties - IITK - Indian Institute of Technology
Symmetry_of_Properties - IITK - Indian Institute of Technology

Fermionization of Spin Systems
Fermionization of Spin Systems

... Furthermore this model has an important integral of motion, that permits to solve it exactly. We will apply two kinds of fermionization to this model and we will see that both render the same excitation spectrum. We will also see that, depending on the kind of information needed, the one is more use ...
Many-particle interference beyond many-boson and many
Many-particle interference beyond many-boson and many

... whereas two bosons favor bunched, doubly occupied states. Here, we show that the collective interference of three or more particles leads to much more diverse behavior than expected from the boson–fermion dichotomy known from quantum statistical mechanics. The emerging complexity of many-particle in ...
Quantum Field Theory and Composite Fermions in the Fractional
Quantum Field Theory and Composite Fermions in the Fractional

101, 160401 (2008)
101, 160401 (2008)

The space group classification of topological band insulators arXiv
The space group classification of topological band insulators arXiv

... Topological phases of free fermionic matter are in general characterized by an insulating gap in the bulk and protected gapless modes on the boundary of the system[1, 2]. Integer quantum Hall states represent first examples of topologically protected phases in absence of any symmetries with the top ...
No. 18 - Department of Mathematics
No. 18 - Department of Mathematics

Non-linear field theory with supersymmetry
Non-linear field theory with supersymmetry

Generation of Clebsch–Gordan coefficients for the point and double
Generation of Clebsch–Gordan coefficients for the point and double

Principles of Quantum Universe
Principles of Quantum Universe

... This monograph is based on papers published during last 25 years by the authors and lectures delivered by one of the authors (V.P.) at the universities of Graz (Austria), Berlin, Heidelberg, Rostock (Germany), New Delhi (India), Fairfield, the Argonne National Laboratory (USA), the physical faculty o ...
Luttinger Liquids
Luttinger Liquids

Quantum Phenomena in Condensed Phase
Quantum Phenomena in Condensed Phase

Fractals as macroscopic manifestation of squeezed
Fractals as macroscopic manifestation of squeezed

< 1 ... 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 ... 120 >

Quantum chromodynamics

In theoretical physics, quantum chromodynamics (QCD) is the theory of strong interactions, a fundamental force describing the interactions between quarks and gluons which make up hadrons such as the proton, neutron and pion. QCD is a type of quantum field theory called a non-abelian gauge theory with symmetry group SU(3). The QCD analog of electric charge is a property called color. Gluons are the force carrier of the theory, like photons are for the electromagnetic force in quantum electrodynamics. The theory is an important part of the Standard Model of particle physics. A huge body of experimental evidence for QCD has been gathered over the years.QCD enjoys two peculiar properties:Confinement, which means that the force between quarks does not diminish as they are separated. Because of this, when you do separate a quark from other quarks, the energy in the gluon field is enough to create another quark pair; they are thus forever bound into hadrons such as the proton and the neutron or the pion and kaon. Although analytically unproven, confinement is widely believed to be true because it explains the consistent failure of free quark searches, and it is easy to demonstrate in lattice QCD.Asymptotic freedom, which means that in very high-energy reactions, quarks and gluons interact very weakly creating a quark–gluon plasma. This prediction of QCD was first discovered in the early 1970s by David Politzer and by Frank Wilczek and David Gross. For this work they were awarded the 2004 Nobel Prize in Physics.The phase transition temperature between these two properties has been measured by the ALICE experiment to be well above 160 MeV. Below this temperature, confinement is dominant, while above it, asymptotic freedom becomes dominant.
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