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Elementary particles and the exasperating Higgs boson: the ideas
Elementary particles and the exasperating Higgs boson: the ideas

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11 Canonical quantization of classical fields

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Grand Unified Models and Cosmology

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The Physics of Subatomic Particles (132 pp.)

... poem 'De Rerum Natur0. ' (On the Nature of Things) . But however much these ancien t theories of discontinuity may seem to be ahead of their time, it should be remembere d that at the same time, almost equal support was gained for a continuous theory of th e universe, which was upheld . with much ze ...
Effective Field Theories in Cosmology - SUrface
Effective Field Theories in Cosmology - SUrface

... structures we observe in the universe [9, 10] and could have been determined during a period of accelerated expansion known as inflation which took place at energy scales as high as ρ1/4 ∼ 1016 GeV. Thus, primordial perturbations offer a unique opportunity to test energy scales that would otherwise ...
Topological Quantum: Lecture Notes
Topological Quantum: Lecture Notes

... strand, and a link is more generally made of multiple strands. Physicists call them all knots. Sorry. (2) When I say ”topologically equivalent” heree I mean the concept of regular isotopy. This asks the question of whether there is a continuous smooth family of curves from the initial knot to the fi ...
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How Quantum Theory Helps us Explain - u.arizona.edu

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Quantum theory of spin waves in finite chiral spin chains

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Lecture I: Collective Excitations: From Particles to Fields Free Scalar

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Quine`s Holism and Quantum Holism

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Superconducting properties of vacuum in strong magnetic field

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Quantum chromodynamics

In theoretical physics, quantum chromodynamics (QCD) is the theory of strong interactions, a fundamental force describing the interactions between quarks and gluons which make up hadrons such as the proton, neutron and pion. QCD is a type of quantum field theory called a non-abelian gauge theory with symmetry group SU(3). The QCD analog of electric charge is a property called color. Gluons are the force carrier of the theory, like photons are for the electromagnetic force in quantum electrodynamics. The theory is an important part of the Standard Model of particle physics. A huge body of experimental evidence for QCD has been gathered over the years.QCD enjoys two peculiar properties:Confinement, which means that the force between quarks does not diminish as they are separated. Because of this, when you do separate a quark from other quarks, the energy in the gluon field is enough to create another quark pair; they are thus forever bound into hadrons such as the proton and the neutron or the pion and kaon. Although analytically unproven, confinement is widely believed to be true because it explains the consistent failure of free quark searches, and it is easy to demonstrate in lattice QCD.Asymptotic freedom, which means that in very high-energy reactions, quarks and gluons interact very weakly creating a quark–gluon plasma. This prediction of QCD was first discovered in the early 1970s by David Politzer and by Frank Wilczek and David Gross. For this work they were awarded the 2004 Nobel Prize in Physics.The phase transition temperature between these two properties has been measured by the ALICE experiment to be well above 160 MeV. Below this temperature, confinement is dominant, while above it, asymptotic freedom becomes dominant.
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